Pendekatan terhadap Islam: Satu sorotan awal / Mohd Farhan Abd Rahman and Muhamad Azrul Azwan Azman

Majoriti golongan orientalis berpegang dengan falsafah positifisme empirik logik iaitu fahaman yang mementingkan penggunaan akal sepenuhnya sebagai pendekatan utama bagi mendapatkan sesuatu fakta keilmuan dengan tepat berdasarkan kaedah penelitian yang sistematik dan teliti. Falsafah ini menolak pembuktian sesuatu fakta menggunakan sumber wahyu kerana dianggap tidak releven dalam pembuktian sejarah dan telah mewujudkan pandangan yang berat sebelah dan meragukan terhadap masyarakat Melayu di Tanah Melayu. Artikel ini menumpukan kepada analisa terhadap pendekatan orientalis dalam menilai Islam dan masyarakat Melayu dan sejauhmana pengaruh Islam dalam kehidupan masyarakat di Tanah Melayu. Penulis menggunakan kaedah grafisejarah dan perbandingan bagi menganalisis pandangan orientalis tersebut. Penulis juga menggunakan prinsip pertengahan bagi menghasilkan sesuatu kajian bersifat adil. Hasil kajian mendapati pendekatan pemikiran orientalis dalam menilai Islam dan penganutnya terutama masyarakat Melayu memperlihatkan sudut pandangan yang meragukan hingga setiap penulisan dari golongan tersebut berdasarkan sudut pertimbangan yang berat sebelah serta menyimpang dari sejarah perkembangan tamadun Islam yang agung. Hal ini berpunca dari kelemahan golongan orientalis dalam memahami penganut Islam khususnya masyarakat Melayu disebabkan latarbelakang pemikiran yang berpusatkan Eropah iaitu Euro-centrism. Pemikiran ini mengangkat bangsa Eropah sebagai bangsa yang hebat dan bertamadun berbanding bangsa lain hingga digelar “ambassador of civilization‖” iaitu penyelamat kepada bangsa yang perlu ditamadunkan

Analysis of Woman Fiqh Jihad Based on Selected Malaysian Woman Extremism Cases

Statistical information shared by the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) suggests women engagement in religious extremism groups has increased in recent years. There is an urgent need to address the severe cases of extremism involving women abroad to prevent a similar incident in Malaysia. Hence, this study examines women jihad fiqh's issues based on the local background, and factors contributed to their interest. The study employed a qualitative method by collecting documentary reviews of the extremist group's publications and interviews with PDRM officers and the selected deradicalisation experts. The result indicates that Malaysian women's engagement in extremist groups is caused by the ideological influence and the pursuit of marrying a "jihadi". Nonetheless, it did not alter the legal status of fiqh jihad that had been deliberated by the scholars on the extremist groups. Therefore, women's involvement in extremist groups in the name of jihad should be constrained accordingly

Keistimewaan pendidikan agama Islam dan pandangan pentadbir British terhadap sistem pendidikan di Tanah Melayu: The Privileges of Islamic religious education and British administrator’s views on the education system in Malaya

Majoriti pentadbir British berpegang dengan falsafah positivisme empirik logik iaitu fahaman yang mementingkan penggunaan akal sepenuhnya sebagai pendekatan utama bagi mendapatkan sesuatu fakta keilmuan dengan tepat berdasarkan kaedah penelitian yang teliti dan sistematik. Falsafah ini menolak pembuktian sesuatu fakta menggunakan sumber wahyu kerana dianggap tidak releven dalam pembuktian sejarah dan telah mewujudkan pandangan yang berat sebelah serta meragukan terhadap masyarakat Melayu di Tanah Melayu. Artikel ini menumpukan kepada analisa terhadap pandangan pentadbir British berkenaan sistem pendidikan di Tanah Melayu merangkumi pendidikan agama dan sekular, dan untuk mengetahui keistimewaan pendidikan agama Islam ke atas masyarakat Melayu. Penulis menggunakan kaedah pensejarahan, perbandingan dan analisis kandungan bagi menyiapkan kajian ini. Hasil kajian mendapati pentadbir British memperkecilkan sumbangan sistem pendidikan agama Islam di Tanah Melayu dan beranggapan kegagalan Tanah Melayu mencapai ketamadunan yang tinggi disebabkan berpegang kepada Islam yang dianggap tidak releven dengan perkembangan semasa. Justeru, bagi memperbaiki kelemahan tersebut perlaksanaan sistem pendidikan Barat dilihat sebagai langkah yang tepat bagi menerapkan fahaman sekularisme ke dalam pemikiran masyarakat Melayu di Tanah Melayu

The Stage of Western Orientalists Scholarly Studies in Islam: A review] Peringkat pendekatan kajian sarjana Orientalis Barat terhadap Islam: Satu analisis

Majority of the orientalists adhere to the philosophy of logical empirical positivism, a belief that emphasizes on the total use of mind as a key approach to obtaining accurate scientific facts based on systematic and thorough method of research. This philosophy refuses to prove a fact using sources from the revelation because it is considered irrelevant in historical proof and has created biased and sceptical views about the Malay community in Malaya. This article focuses on the analysis of the orientalist approach in evaluating Islam, as well as the extent to which Islam influenced the lives of the people in Malaya. The author used historiography and comparative methods to analyse the orientalists’ views. The results showed that the orientalist thinking approach in evaluating Islam and its followers especially the Malay community presented a sceptical viewpoint, which has made each of these writings biased on a one-sided judgment and deviated from the historical development of the great Islamic civilization. This false judgement had emerged due to the weakness of the orientalists to understand the Muslims, especially the Malay community due to the European-centric thinking known as Euro-centrism. This thought elevated Europe as a great and civilized nation over other nations, the so-called "ambassador of civilization", and the saviour of all need-to-be civilized nations

Kefahaman pelajar sekolah agama terpilih di Selangor terhadap doktrin syiah / Mukhamad Khafiz Abdul Basir ... [et al.]

Kemunculan golongan Syiah mula kelihatan di Malaysia setelah tercetusnya revolusi Iran tahun 1979 menyebabkan ajaran mereka menular dalam masyarakat Melayu Islam. Ini dapat diperhatikan dengan kemunculan hauzah-hauzah Syiah Melayu di seluruh Malaysia, tangkapan-tangkapan pihak jabatan agama Islam negeri terhadap aktiviti penyebaran Syiah dan kemunculan para graduan Melayu daripada Iran dan lain-lain negara. Kajian ini bertujuan membongkar kesan pengaruh dakyah Syiah di Malaysia terhadap pelajar-pelajar sekolah agama menengah di Selangor serta tahap pengetahuan mereka terhadap ajaran ini. Kajian kuantitatif ini bersifat diskriptif menggunakan kaedah tinjauan (survey reseach) melalui instrumen soal selidik dan purposive sample kepada 756 pelajar-pelajar SPM tahun 2018 daripada 9 buah sekolah menengah asrama penuh. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa 7 responden mempunyai rakan berfahaman Syiah, 1 responden terlibat dengan ajaran Syiah, dan seramai 107 responden tidak pernah mendengar taklimat atau ceramah berkenaan dengan kesesatan Syiah. Justeru usaha menyedarkan masyarakat Islam dalam kalangan pelajar muslim tentang penyelewangan ajaran Syiah dan kesesatan mereka perlu ditekankan dan pendedahan secara berperingkat perlu dilaksanakan sebelum mereka melangkah ke alam universiti yang pastinya lebih terbuka dan mencabar

Elemen Pengurusan Kelas Pensyarah Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam di Politeknik

Artikel ini membincangkan elemen pengurusan kelas yang dimiliki oleh Pensyarah Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam (PCPI) sebagai seorang pendidik di politeknik. Pendekatan kajian ini menggunakan sepenuhnya kajian kualitatif menerusi kaedah kajian kes. Seramai enam orang Pensyarah Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam dipilih sebagai peserta kajian temu bual ini dan disokong oleh tiga orang Ketua Unit Pendidikan Islam, 12 orang rakan pensyarah, dan 12 orang pelajar. Seterusnya data temu bual ini ditriangulasikan dengan dapatan data yang dikumpul dari pemerhatian dan analisis dokumen. Analisis kajian ini menggunakan perisian N’Vivo 7.0 bagi menghasilkan tema dan ciri pengurusan kelas Pensyarah Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam di politeknik sehinggalah membentuk pola. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat 13 elemen pengurusan kelas yang dimiliki oleh Pensyarah Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam di politeknik. Semua elemen ini dimiliki oleh sebahagian besar PCPI dan mencapai tahap pola, iaitu mengingati dan memanggil nama pelajar,mengaitkan pelajar dengan PdP, memahami keadaan pelajar, tegas pada tempat, memberi teguran secara berhikmah, mendekatkan diri dengan pelajar, meninggikan suara, pensyarah datang awal, mencari penyelesaian, menggunakan unsur jenaka, penekanan adab belajar, tidak menekankan hukuman dan tidak mengabaikan pelajar bukan Islam. Kata kunci: Pengurusan Kelas, Pensyarah Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam, Politeknik

Keselamatan makanan : kepentingan kesedaran pengguna terhadap Halālan Ṭayyiban

Keselamatan makanan menjadi keperluan penting untuk diperhatikan oleh semua pihak termasuk pengguna. Selain halal, tayyiban merupakan salah satu kriteria penting yang digariskan Islam dalam pemilihan makanan. Aspek tayyiban merangkumi pelbagai elemen sepanjang rantaian makanan termasuk elemen kebersihan, kualiti, keselamatan dan kesihatan. Kesedaran merupakan faktor penolak yang mendorong seseorang bertindak untuk melakukan sesuatu. Namun, pengetahuan dan kesedaran tentang keselamatan makanan dalam kalangan pengguna masih berada di tahap yang tidak memuaskan. Oleh itu, kajian ini tampil untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang keselamatan makanan sekali gus menampakkan kepentingan kesedaran tentang pemahaman konsep halālan ṭayyiban yang sebenar kepada pengguna melalui nas agama. Kajian ini dipraktikkan secara kajian kualitatif melalui pendekatan kajian kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen sebelum menganalisis maklumat yang berjaya dikumpulkan menggunakan kaedah induktif dan deduktif. Kajian ini mendapati pengabaian aspek keselamatan makanan akan memberi kesan kepada individu sama ada dari sudut sains atau maqasid. Pelbagai inisiatif khususnya melalui teknologi dan media sosial perlu digiatkan bagi meningkatkan kesedaran tentang keselamatan makanan. Tambahan lagi, pengguna berperanan untuk mengelak pengambilan makanan yang boleh mengundang mudarat, bahaya dan penyakit kepada diri. Oleh itu, kesedaran tentang keselamatan makanan yang sejajar dengan sumber wahyu iaitu al-Quran dan Sunnah sangat penting untuk diterapkan dalam kalangan pengguna

Techies Agronomics Corporation : Portative Cutter / Muhammad Ali Al Muntazar Mohd Suhaimi...[et al.]

Our company, Techies Agronomics Corporations will produce a product called Portative Cutter. This product will give high satisfaction to the customer who want to deal with agriculture and farming. Our product is not just use for farming only, but it can use also for home lawn cleaning process. It is because, our product can use as a grass cutter. So, with our product the customer can save their money from buy two products. It is because our product has two function in one system or body

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication