Antiulcer activity of Moroccan Artemisia campestris L. subsp. glutinosa against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in Mice.

Artemisia campestris L. subsp. glutinosa is a plant growing in Morocco and widely used in traditional medicine as a beneficial remedy for the digestive system. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antiulcer activity of aqueous extract (AEAc) and ethanolic extract of this plant (EEAc) using an experimental model not previously tested against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and acute toxicity in mice. The gastric lesion was assessed by ulcer area, ulcer index, prevention index, histopathological examination, and malondialdehyde (MDA) determination. Administered of AEAc and EEAc at a dose of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg before ethanol ingestion significantly inhibited gastric ulcers. AEAc and EEAc induced a significant decrease in the ulcer area compared to the control group. The preventive index of different doses of both extracts is almost similar to that of Omeprazole. These results were confirmed by a decrease in mucosal thickness in the group treated with the plant in the histological study and the decrease in MDA level in the group treated with the plant compared to the control ulcer group. The acute toxicity study revealed no abnormal sign or death to the mice treated with 4g/kg and 8 g/kg of both extracts. These findings confirm the traditional use of Artemisia campestris L. subsp. glutinosa as a gastro-protective agent

Protective effect of Crocus sativus stamens extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney

Crocus sativus is a medicinal plant supposedly possessing various biological activities. Currently, it is evaluated only by the medicinal properties of its stigma and many parts of this plant are unused. This work contributes to the valorization of C.sativus stamens by exploring the property of methanolic extract to prevent gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty Wistar rats (weight 250 ± 30g) were assigned into four equal groups (n = 5), and among the assigned groups,  group 1 was given only distilled water (Control), group 2 received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of gentamicin (GEN) 80 mg/kg/d, group 3 received the combination of gentamicin (80 mg/kg/d, i.p.) and oral administration of a lower dose of C. sativus methanolic extract (250 mg/kg/d), while the group 4 received the combination of gentamicin (80 mg/kg/d, i.p.) and oral administration of a higher dose of C. sativus methanolic extract (500 mg/kg/d). The injection of gentamicin for the nephrotoxicity induction and post-treatment with methanolic extract was carried out once a day for 15 days. For nephrotoxicity evaluation, biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed. The estimation of serum and urinary creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, sodium levels was carried out with the help of Architect Ci 4100 Analyzer. Oxidative stress was assessed by the determination of renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) levels. The results of the study suggested that gentamicin injection induced a significant (p < 0.01) elevation in serum renal biochemical parameters and oxidative stress indices. The methanolic extract of C. sativus significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum creatinine, urea, and sodium levels, with an improvement in the histopathological results of gentamicin-induced alterations. Furthermore, pretreatment with plant extracts improved hepatic antioxidant status, by the elevation of the CAT and reducing the lipid peroxidation level (MDA) in tissues. The present study suggests that the methanolic extract of C. sativus stamens has an interesting nephroprotective effect on the renal lesions induced by GEN in modulating renal parameters and oxidative stress on Wistar rats

Evaluation of toxicity, nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activities of Argan oil on CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats

In traditional therapy, Argania spinosa L. seeds oil used as a nephroprotective and hepatoprotective agent. The present work aims to investigate the acute toxicity of unroasted Argan oil, and studied the nephroprotective and the hepatoprotective activity of both oils Roasted (Roil) and unroasted Argan oil (UnRoil) on CCl4-induced liver and kidney damages in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into five equal groups; Control and CCl4 groups are received only distilled water (10 mL/Kg/day). Control positive group received 50 mg/Kg/day of Silymarin. Roil and UnRoil groups treated with 2 mL/Kg/day of Roil and UnRoil. One week after each pretreatment, the rats are injected intraperitoneally with 1 mL/kg/week of CCl4. The treatment has lasted for 15 days. The body weight, urinary volume, water, and food intake were measured at the end of the treatment. Then, the animals are sacrificed; the blood and the liver samples were collected for determining the liver weight ratio and biochemical parameters. UnRoil did not show any sign of toxicity up to 5 mL/Kg. In Roil and UnRoil groups the water intake, ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin, triglycerides, LDL, plasmatic creatinine, urea, uric acid, and MDA levels are reduced significantly as compared with the CCl4 group. However, body weight,liver weight ratio, food intake, urine urea, urinary creatinine, hepatic glycogen, and GSH levels showed a significant increase compared to the CCl4 group. Roil and UnRoil showed important nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects against CCl4. Although, the roasting process does not influence the ability of Argan seed oils towards these activities.Keywords

Le contrôle de gestion environnemental à la cohésion de l’organisation : Etude de cas au sein d’une entreprise Marocaine

L’une des missions du contrôle de gestion environnemental est de converger vers les objectifs de l’entreprise tout en préservant l’environnement interne (cohésion) et l’environnement externe (durabilité).L’objet de cet article est l’étude de l’impact du contrôle de gestion environnemental sur le renforcement de la cohésion d’équipe .Cette analyse se fera par une observation et l’analyse d’un cas unique d’entreprise ayant adopté le contrôle de gestion environnemental. Il en ressort que le contrôle de gestion environnemental contribue à la cohésion du groupe. Toutefois, cette cohésion peut être acceptée, comme elle peut être aussi forcée, de manière à être subie par les membres de l’entreprise

The Synchronous Occurrence of Neuroendocrine Tumor and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) at Gastric Site

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most frequent sarcomas in the gastrointestinal tract. They affect all segments of the digestive tract. The incidental occurrence of GIST and other primary tumors has not been well described in literature. We describe a case of a 73 year old patient who underwent surgery for gastric GIST with an incidental pathologic diagnosis of a gastric neuroendocrine tumor. The occasional finding of this association underlines the importance of a carefully pathological diagnosis for its identification. In literature there is no evidence of concomitant neuroendocrine tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) at gastric site

La communication interpersonnelle et le dialogue social : vers une gestion efficace des risques sociaux et de la non-qualité au sein de l’organisation publique

Dans le contexte des réformes administratives impulsées par la nouvelle gestion publique (NPM), les administrations publiques sont confrontées à des défis croissants liés à la gestion des risques sociaux et à la qualité des services. Cette recherche répond à la nécessité de comprendre comment la communication interpersonnelle peut contribuer de manière significative à la gestion de ces risques et à l’amélioration de la qualité au sein des organisations publiques. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de synthétiser les connaissances existantes sur le rôle de la communication interpersonnelle dans la gestion des risques sociaux et de la non-qualité dans le cadre de la NPM. Cette étude utilise une approche méthodologique qualitative, axée sur une revue conceptuelle de la littérature. L’examen explore et synthétise les concepts clés et les théories existantes concernant le rôle de la communication interpersonnelle dans la gestion des risques sociaux et de la non-qualité au sein des organisations publiques dans le cadre du NPM. Les résultats révèlent que la communication interpersonnelle joue un rôle crucial dans la prévention des risques sociaux et la réduction de la non-qualité au sein des organisations publiques. Des pratiques de communication efficaces aident à atténuer les conflits et à favoriser la collaboration entre les membres du personnel, contribuant ainsi au succès des réformes du NPM. De plus, l’intégration de la communication interpersonnelle dans les processus de gestion des risques est essentielle pour maintenir la qualité des services publics. Cette étude met en évidence le rôle stratégique de la communication interpersonnelle dans le contexte des réformes inspirées par le NPM. Il introduit des paradigmes innovants en considérant la communication non seulement comme un outil mais comme une composante essentielle de la gestion des risques concurrentiels. L’étude propose un cadre conceptuel pour évaluer l’impact de la communication interpersonnelle sur la gestion des risques sociaux et de la non-qualité

Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Activities of Artemisia campestris L.

Background: Carbohydrate digestive enzymes play a major role in the management of the postprandial hyperglycemia. A chronic hyperglycemia can lead to serious health problems due to excessive production of several reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzyme and the use of antioxidant natural product can be an important strategy to control the glycaemia level and prevent against the complication of diabetes. Aim: The study aims to perform a phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, inhibitory effect on α -amylase, α -glucosidase (in vitro and in vivo) and the intestinal glucose absorption in Wistar rats of Artemisia campestris aqueous extract (AcAE) and hydro-ethanolic extract (AcEE). Results: The test of total phenolic content, show that the AcAE has the highest quantity of polyphenol (44.65 ± 0.54 μ g GAE/mg extract) compared to the AcEE (31.7 ± 0.53 μ g GAE/mg extract) significantly. The amount of flavonoid and condensed tannins content in AcAE is 24.41 ± 3.57 μ g QrE/mg extract, 14.31 ± 5.26 μ g CE/mg respectively. The AcAE has also exhibit a great antioxidant activity in DPPH-scavenging and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) compared to AcEE with an IC 50 = 0.355 ± 0.057 mg/mL and IC 50 = 0.269 ± 0.025 mg/mL. However, in a β -carotene bleaching assay the AcEE has the highest effect with an IC 50 = 0.319 ± 0.097 mg/mL. The both extract of Artemisia campestris L. (250 mg/kg) decreased postprandial hyperglycemia in the normal and alloxane diabetic rats in a very significant manner after starch or sucrose administration as an α -amylase and α -glucosidase substrate respectively. This result is confirmed in vitro by a remarkable inhibitory effect on α -amylase digestive enzymes by an IC 50 = 1.259 ± 0.128 mg/mL and IC 50 = 0.602 ± 0.072 mg/mL receptively for AcAE and AcEE. For the α -glucosidase enzyme, the both extracts significantly inhibit α -glucosidase activity compared to the control and they are almost similar to each other. Using a jejunum perfusion technique (in situ), Artemisia campestris L. decrease the intestinal D-glucose absorption activity significantly compared to the control and comparable to the Phlorizin used as a positive control by an amount of glucose absorbed equal a 6.53 ± 0.57, 5.34 ± 0.64 and 4.71 ± 0.24 mg/10 cm/h, for AcAE, AcEE and Phlorizin respectively. Conclusions: These results showed that the Artemisia campestris L. has highest phenolic content, antioxidant activity and demonstrated a postprandial anti-hyperglycemic effect via the inhibiting of the carbohydrate digestive enzyme ( α -amylase and α -glucosidase) and the intestinal glucose absorption

Antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective effect of Croccus sativus stamens against carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury in rats

Background: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of the commonly used models for the induction of liver injury and screening of the hepatoprotective activity of different drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective activity and possible underlying mechanisms of methanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of Croccus sativus stamens using a model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Methanolic and hydroethanolic extracts was daily orally administered to rats at the doses of 250 mg/kg, prior to double intraperitoneal injection of 1% CCl4 on 7 days and 14 days. Their activities were compared with silymarin (250 mg/kg) for 14 days. Parameters of hepatic and renal function, lipid profile, and oxidative stress were evaluated in rat serum and tissues. Results: The results indicated that CCl4 injection in rats increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanin aminotransferase (ALT), and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activities, which were normalized by methanolic, and hydroethanolic pretreatment. In addition, administration of both extracts with CCl4 significantly inhibited alterations of kidney indices in the serum levels of creatinine and urea. Moreover, CCl4 administration increased the lipid peroxidation level (MDA) in tissues that is signifanctly reduced by the Methanolic and hydroethanolic extract of the plant. Methanolic and hydroethanolic treatment improved hepatic antioxidant status, by the elevation of the CAT and GSH level in CCl4‑administered rats. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the potential effect of Croccus sativus stamens as a protector against liver injury. Mediated possibly by their antioxidant properties. Which are comparable to those of the standard hepatoprotective compound silymarin

Phytochemical Analysis, Antispasmodic, Myorelaxant, and Antioxidant Effect of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants Flower Hydroethanolic Extracts and Its Chloroform and Ethyl Acetate Fractions

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants is an annual or ephemeral perennial herb used traditionally in the Mediterranean region in folk medicine to treat various illnesses, including those related to the digestive system. This study aims to assess the antispasmodic, myorelaxant, and antioxidant effects of D. ambrosioides flower hydroethanolic extract and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions in a comparative study to evaluate the result of the extraction type on the potential activity of the extract. Both rat and rabbit jejunum were used to evaluate the antispasmodic and myorelaxant effect, while the antioxidant effect was evaluated using DPPH, a ferric reducing power assay, and a beta-carotene bleaching test. LC/MS-MS analysis was carried out to reveal the composition of the different types of extract. Following the results, the hydroethanolic extract showed a significant myorelaxant effect (IC50 = 0.39 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Moreover, it was shown that the hydroethanolic extract demonstrated the best antispasmodic activity (IC50 = 0.51 ± 0.05 mg/mL), followed by the ethyl acetate (IC50 = 4.05 ± 0.32 mg/mL) and chloroform (IC50 = 4.34 ± 0.45 mg/mL) fractions. The antioxidant tests showed that the hydroethanolic extract demonstrated high antioxidant activity, followed by the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. The LC/MS-MS analysis indicates that the plant extract was rich in flavonoids, to which the extract activity has been attributed. This study supports the traditional use of this plant to treat digestive problems, especially those with spasms