29 research outputs found

    Comparison between Model DvsA and Model AvsT derived from the training set.

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    <p><b>A</b>) Comparison of the Cov(Tp) of all genes between Model DvsA and Model AvsT; <b>B</b>) Comparison of the Cor(Tp) of all genes between Model DvsA and Model AvsT. D, diluent-challenged CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells; A, allergen-challenged CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells; T, allergen-challenged + GC treated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Cov(Tp), the covariance of the predictive component; Cor(Tp), the correlation of the predictive component.</p

    Validation studies of top 547 genes whose expression changed in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from allergic patients after allergen-challenge and were reversed by treatment with glucocorticoids.

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    <p>The CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from allergic patients were obtained from two independent materials and analysed with gene expression microarrays. PCA (<b>A</b> and <b>B</b>) and hierarchical clustering analysis (<b>C</b> and <b>D</b>) of Test1 (<b>A</b> and <b>C</b>) and Test2 (<b>B</b> and <b>D</b>) with the top 547 genes that were changed by allergen challenge and were reversed by GC treatment.</p

    PCA modeling of the gene expression microarray data from diluent- (D), allergen- (A) or allergen + GC treated (T) CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in the training set.

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    <p>PCA modeling of the gene expression microarray data from diluent- (D), allergen- (A) or allergen + GC treated (T) CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in the training set.</p

    Pathway analysis of allergen-induced top 547 genes whose expression was reversed by glucocorticoids.

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    <p>The top 547 genes with a |Cor(Tp)|≥0.5 from the two models were extracted and mapped to Ingenuity pathway analysis. The yellow threshold indicates 95% confidence.</p

    Cellular localization of EV proteins.

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    <p>Protein annotation was retrieved from UniProt and subcellular distribution was assigned based on gene ontology cellular component reduced to generic terms to give a broad overview of the localization. The pie chart is constructed from the shared proteins of two analyzed EV samples.</p

    Heat-map illustrating a hierarchical cluster analysis of tissue expression of proteins identified in thymic EVs.

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    <p>The heat map is constructed from the proteins shared between two analyzed EV samples (proteins not yet investigated in the HPA database are not included). Proteins and tissues are hierarchally clustered according to biological function on the y- and x-axis, respectively. The expression level is graded 0–3 and illustrated by colour shift from blue to red. Encircled and enlarged is a cluster of proteins with an expression pattern in the HPA concentrated to immune-tissues. Also note the high frequency of TRAs, only expressed in a few tissues, in the left panel.</p

    Morphological characteristics of human thymic EVs.

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    <p>(A) EVs from human thymic cultures visualized with electron microscopy. Arrow heads point toward EVs with a typical exosomal cup-shaped morphology and a size range of 50–100 nm. Samples from 3 individuals were analyzed with electron microscopy. (B) Size distribution of isolated EVs observed in a NanoSight LM10. The data was analyzed with Nanoparticle tracking analysis software, with a minimum expected particle size setting of 30 nm and the number of tracks analyzed for each sample exceeding 200. In agreement with exosome characteristics, most of the isolated EVs have a size of less than 100 nm. Data is presented as mean ± SEM as a result of 5 analyzed samples. (C) Density profile of isolated EVs. EVs were layered on top of a D<sub>2</sub>O/sucrose gradient and centrifuged at 100,000 g for 14 hours. Fractions were collected and their density and protein concentration was measured. The density of the isolated EVs peaked at 1.18–1.19 g/ml, which is within the density range of exosomes. Data is presented as mean ± SEM as a result of 5 density gradients.</p
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