Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

A nomogram to predict the probability of mortality after first-ever acute manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Symptomatic lacunar stroke (LS) and deep intracerebral hemorrhage (dICH) represent the acute manifestations of type 1 cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Recently, two studies showed that the risk factor profile of dICH differs from that associated with LS in subjects with biologically plausible cSVD; however, the prognostic predictors after acute manifestations are currently lacking. We aimed to develop a nomogram for individualized prediction of the mortality probability in a cohort of patients with a first-ever acute manifestation of biologically plausible cSVD. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected from consecutive patients with acute symptomatic non-embolic LS or primary dICH. The outcome measure was 3-month mortality. Based on multivariate logistic model, the nomogram was generated. RESULTS: Of the 288 patients who entered into the study for biologically plausible cSVD, 131 (45%) experienced a LS and 157 (55%) a dICH. After multivariate logistic regression, 5 variables remained predictors of mortality to compose the nomogram: dICH (OR:11.36; p=0.001), severe presentation (OR:8.08; p<0.001), age (OR:1.08; p=0.001), glucose (OR:1.23; p=0.003) and creatinine (OR:1.01; p=0.024) at admission were predictors of mortality. The discriminative performance of nomogram assessed by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was 0.898. The model was internally validated by using bootstrap (1000 samples) with AUC-ROC of 0.895 and cross-validation (deleted-d method repeated 1000 times) with AUC-ROC of 0.895. CONCLUSIONS: We developed the first nomogram for prediction of the mortality probability in a cohort of patients with a first-ever acute manifestation of biologically plausible cSVD

La sicurezza integrata per i visitatori con disabilità nello Smart Archaeological Park di Pompei - Sperimentazione del braccialetto intelligente CON-ME

Nell’ambito di Smart@POMPEI, uno dei principali asset è costituito dall’accessibilità e dalla fruibilità del sito da parte di tutti. Pertanto, la sperimentazione del prototipo del braccialetto intelligente Con-Me apre le porte ad un percorso progettuale complesso che vede coinvolti Enti di Ricerca, Università, Imprese, Istituzioni di Governo

Small footprint optoelectrodes using ring resonators for passive light localization.

The combination of electrophysiology and optogenetics enables the exploration of how the brain operates down to a single neuron and its network activity. Neural probes are in vivo invasive devices that integrate sensors and stimulation sites to record and manipulate neuronal activity with high spatiotemporal resolution. State-of-the-art probes are limited by tradeoffs involving their lateral dimension, number of sensors, and ability to access independent stimulation sites. Here, we realize a highly scalable probe that features three-dimensional integration of small-footprint arrays of sensors and nanophotonic circuits to scale the density of sensors per cross-section by one order of magnitude with respect to state-of-the-art devices. For the first time, we overcome the spatial limit of the nanophotonic circuit by coupling only one waveguide to numerous optical ring resonators as passive nanophotonic switches. With this strategy, we achieve accurate on-demand light localization while avoiding spatially demanding bundles of waveguides and demonstrate the feasibility with a proof-of-concept device and its scalability towards high-resolution and low-damage neural optoelectrodes

Introduction of direct oral anticoagulant within 7\ua0days of stroke onset: a nomogram to predict the probability of 3-month modified Rankin Scale score\u2009>\ua02

In clinical practice, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are often started earlier ( 64\u20097\ua0days) than in randomized clinical trials after stroke. We aimed to develop a nomogram model incorporating time of DOAC introduction\u2009 64\u20097\ua0days of stroke onset in combination with different degrees of stroke radiological/neurological severity at the time of treatment to predict the probability of unfavorable outcome. We conducted a multicenter prospective study including 344 patients who started DOAC 1-7\ua0days after atrial fibrillation-related stroke onset. Computed tomography scan 24-36\ua0h after stroke onset was performed in all patients before starting DOAC. Unfavorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score\u2009>\u20092\ua0at 3\ua0months. Based on multivariate logistic model, the nomogram was generated. We assessed the discriminative performance by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) and calibration of risk prediction model by using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Onset-to-treatment time for DOAC (OR: 1.21, p\u2009=\u20090.030), NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at the time of treatment (OR: 1.00 for NIHSS\u2009=\u20090-5; OR: 2.67, p\u2009=\u20090.016 for NIHSS\u2009=\u20096-9; OR: 26.70, p\u2009<\u20090.001 for NIHSS\u2009=\u200910-14; OR: 57.48, p\u2009<\u20090.001 for NIHSS\u2009 65\u200915), size infarct (OR: 1.00 for small infarct; OR: 2.26, p\u2009=\u20090.023 for medium infarct; OR: 3.40, p\u2009=\u20090.005 for large infarct), and age\u2009 65\u200980\ua0years (OR: 1.96, p\u2009=\u20090.028) remained independent predictors of unfavorable outcome to compose the nomogram. The AUC-ROC of nomogram was 0.858. Calibration was good (p\u2009=\u20092.889 for the Hosmer-Lemeshow test). The combination of onset-to-treatment time of DOAC with stroke radiological/neurological severity at the time of treatment and old age may predict the probability of unfavorable outcome