Archival Resistance: A Comparative Reading of Ulysses and One Hundred Years of Solitude

Much of the comparative scholarship on the works of Gabriel García Márquez assumes the position that he was most significantly influenced by the works of William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway. However, beyond the citation of techniques shared extensively by other Modernists and dependence upon superficial comparisons between texts, the connections between García Márquez and these writers frequently remain tenuous. I suggest that to privilege Faulknerian or Hemingwayan readings of García Márquez is to overlook his position as a postcolonial Latin American novelist; I therefore consider in relationship with García Márquez the Irish writer James Joyce. Both writers participate in what I call archival resistance, constructing in Ulysses and One Hundred Years of Solitude a depository of images and scenes relating the experiences of life in Ireland or Latin America, respectively. The presence of colonialism in both Ireland and Latin America has historically impeded their ability to create narratives through which their own identities may be expressed, subordinated instead to overarching imperialist chronicles. I argue that it is in this shared resistance that an extensive ideological relationship—if not direct influence—is revealed between James Joyce and Gabriel García Márquez

The Politics of Translation: A Literary Experiement in Two Languages

The politics of translation is elusive and volatile, both in the process of decoding and reconstructing language and in the reception of translation itself. The writer must contend not only with the sociocultural and personal implications consequent to oscillating between Spanish and English; she must also demand to be listened to and understood—regardless of how either language shapes her expressions—as a woman. In translating the works of Claudia Lars, and analyzing the inadequacy of language in representing the voice of any person, I intend to contemplate my own personal identity as a nonnative Hispanic writer

The Politics of Translation: A Literary Experiement in Two Languages

The politics of translation is elusive and volatile, both in the process of decoding and reconstructing language and in the reception of translation itself. The writer must contend not only with the sociocultural and personal implications consequent to oscillating between Spanish and English; she must also demand to be listened to and understood—regardless of how either language shapes her expressions—as a woman. In translating the works of Claudia Lars, and analyzing the inadequacy of language in representing the voice of any person, I intend to contemplate my own personal identity as a nonnative Hispanic writer

American/Latin American Shakespeare

Panel chair: William Rampone, South Carolina State University Tara Olivero, Ball State University, “Shakespeare and the Nineteenth Century American Middletown” Jason Demeter, Marymount University, “‘That is Why He is Called a Poet’: James Baldwin’s Shakespeare” Maria-Josee Mendez, University of Southern California, “Shakespeare in La Mancha and Las Pampas: An Analysis of Shakespearean Influence on Spanish Language Texts

Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: A meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies

Objective: To test the a priori hypothesis that longer duration of ruptured membranes is associated with increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV. Design: The relationship between duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV was evaluated in an individual patient data meta-analysis. Methods: Eligible studies were prospective cohort studies including at least 100 mother-child pairs, from regions where HIV-infected women are counselled not to breastfeed. Analyses were restricted to vaginal deliveries and non-elective Cesarean sections; elective Cesarean section deliveries (those performed before onset of labour and before rupture of membranes) were excluded. Results: The primary analysis included 4721 deliveries with duration of ruptured membranes ≤ 24 h. After adjusting for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission using logistic regression analysis to assess the strength of the relationship, the risk of vertical HIV transmission increased approximately 2% with an increase of 1 h in the duration of ruptured membranes [adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.04; for each 1 h increment]. There were no significant interactions of duration of ruptured membranes with study cohort or with any of the covariates, except maternal AIDS. Among women diagnosed with AIDS, the estimated probability of transmission increased from 8% to 31% with duration of ruptured membranes of 2 h and 24 h respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results support the importance of duration of ruptured membranes as a risk factor for vertical transmission of HIV and suggest that a diagnosis of AIDS in the mother at the time of delivery may potentiate the effect of duration of ruptured membranes. © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins