30 research outputs found
LPNL: Scalable Link Prediction with Large Language Models
Exploring the application of large language models (LLMs) to graph learning
is a emerging endeavor. However, the vast amount of information inherent in
large graphs poses significant challenges to this process. This work focuses on
the link prediction task and introduces (Link Prediction via
Natural Language), a framework based on large language models designed for
scalable link prediction on large-scale heterogeneous graphs. We design novel
prompts for link prediction that articulate graph details in natural language.
We propose a two-stage sampling pipeline to extract crucial information from
the graphs, and a divide-and-conquer strategy to control the input tokens
within predefined limits, addressing the challenge of overwhelming information.
We fine-tune a T5 model based on our self-supervised learning designed for link
prediction. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that LPNL outperforms
multiple advanced baselines in link prediction tasks on large-scale graphs
SLANG: New Concept Comprehension of Large Language Models
The dynamic nature of language, particularly evident in the realm of slang
and memes on the Internet, poses serious challenges to the adaptability of
large language models (LLMs). Traditionally anchored to static datasets, these
models often struggle to keep up with the rapid linguistic evolution
characteristic of online communities. This research aims to bridge this gap by
enhancing LLMs' comprehension of the evolving new concepts on the Internet,
without the high cost of continual retraining. In pursuit of this goal, we
introduce , a benchmark designed to autonomously integrate
novel data and assess LLMs' ability to comprehend emerging concepts, alongside
, an approach uses causal inference to enhance LLMs to
understand new phrases and their colloquial context. Our benchmark and approach
involves understanding real-world instances of linguistic shifts, serving as
contextual beacons, to form more precise and contextually relevant connections
between newly emerging expressions and their meanings. The empirical analysis
shows that our causal inference-based approach outperforms the baseline methods
in terms of precision and relevance in the comprehension of Internet slang and
memes
Graph Descriptive Order Improves Reasoning with Large Language Model
In recent years, large language models have achieved state-of-the-art
performance across multiple domains. However, the progress in the field of
graph reasoning with LLM remains limited. Our work delves into this gap by
thoroughly investigating graph reasoning with LLMs. In this work, we reveal the
impact of the order of graph description on LLMs' graph reasoning performance,
which significantly affects LLMs' reasoning abilities. By altering this order,
we enhance the performance of LLMs from 42.22\% to 70\%. Furthermore, we
introduce the Scaled Graph Reasoning benchmark for assessing LLMs' performance
across various graph sizes and evaluate the relationship between LLMs' graph
reasoning abilities and graph size. We discover that the graph reasoning
performance of LLMs does not monotonically decrease with the increase in graph
size. The experiments span several mainstream models, including GPT-3.5,
LLaMA-2-7B, and LLaMA-2-13B, to offer a comprehensive evaluation
CaS: A key medium for C-O-S-Ca cycles in Earth
Oldhamite (CaS) is a rare mineral, which is only observed naturally in
enstatite meteorites.No occurrence of CaS has been documented from other groups
of meteorites and terrestrial samples. However, in experiments at 1.5 GPa/1510
K and 0.5 GPa/1320 K, when the lgfo2 is lower than -10.57 (FMQ-0.52), CaS was
produced in this study by a two-melt mechanism involving the reaction between
molten pyrrhotite-pentlandite-bearing orthopyroxenite and molten CaCO3. CaS can
be easily oxidized to form CaSO4 or hydrolyzed to produce calcium hydroxide,
which may explain why it has never been found in geological samples from Earth.
We speculate that part of the anhydrite and gypsum in black smokers along
mid-ocean ridges are related to the oxidation or hydrolysis of CaS in the
underlying mantle. CaS can be produced when the Siberian mantle plume intruded
into the lithosphere.Comment: The third versio
Corrigendum to: The TianQin project: current progress on science and technology
In the originally published version, this manuscript included an error related to indicating the corresponding author within the author list. This has now been corrected online to reflect the fact that author Jun Luo is the corresponding author of the article
Effect of water on the dislocation creep of enstatite aggregates at pressure of 300 MPa
This dataset includes raw data collected during the experiments and FTIR/XRD analyses data obtained from samples before and after deformation.
To investigate the effect of water on the rheological properties of enstatite, we have conducted triaxial compressive creep experiments, under both water-saturated and anhydrous conditions, on enstatite aggregates using a gas-medium apparatus at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota. Values of load, displacement, temperature and pressure versus time data were collected every second during each deformation experiment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed on the starting enstatite powder, the sample before and after deformation using a Rigaku-Miniflex diffractometer with cobalt target. To evaluate water saturation level of experiments, thin sections of enstatite aggregates and embedded olivine single crystals from each experiment were double-polished to a thickness of 200 to 300 µm with diamond lapping film down to a 1-μm finish for Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Infrared absorption spectra were collected with a Bruker Tensor 37 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
In Situ Study on Dehydration and Phase Transformation of Antigorite
Antigorite is the main carrier of water in Earth’s subduction zones. The dehydration processes of antigorite were investigated by carrying out in situ phase transition experiments using a dynamic diamond anvil cell, with a time-resolved Raman scattering system, at 0.3–10 GPa and 396–1100 K. Three typical phase transformation reactions occurred within the P–T range of this study, corresponding to three reaction products. At low pressures (<0.7 GPa), antigorite transfers to talc and forsterite; as the temperature increases, the talc disappears and a combination of forsterite and clinoenstatite occurs. At moderate pressures (1.8–7.5 GPa), antigorite dehydrates into forsterite and clinoenstatite as temperatures increase; with the continuous increase in pressure, the dehydration products become clinoenstatite and phase A. At high pressures (>8.6 GPa), the products of the dehydration phase transition of antigorite are consistently clinoenstatite and phase A. Compared with the previous studies carried out by large-volume presses (such as a multi anvil press and a piston-cylinder press), the reaction to produce phase A occurs at higher P–T conditions, and the stable temperature region for talc as a dehydration product is narrower. Moreover, large quantities of pores with 5–10 μm in diameter formed in dehydration products, supporting the hypothesis that intermediate-depth earthquakes may result from dehydration embrittlement. The precise phase boundary determined by this in situ study provides a better understanding of the dehydration phase transition behavior and geological phenomena exhibited by antigorite under different pressure and temperature conditions
Diffusion Creep of Enstatite at High Pressures Under Hydrous Conditions
Mantle convection and large-scale plate motion depend critically on the nature of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and thus on the viscosity structure of Earth's upper mantle, which is determined by the rheological properties of its constituent minerals. To constrain the flow behavior of orthopyroxene, the second most abundant constituent of the upper mantle, deformation experiments were carried out in triaxial compressive creep on fine-grained (similar to 6m) samples of enstatite at high pressures (3.8-6.3GPa) and high temperatures (1323-1573K) using a deformation-DIA apparatus. Based on results from this study, the deformation behavior of enstatite is quantitatively presented in the form of a flow law that describes the dependence of deformation rate on differential stress, water fugacity, temperature, and pressure. Specifically, the creep rate depends approximately linearly on stress, indicating deformation in the diffusion creep regime. A least squares regression fit to our data yielded a flow law for diffusion creep with an activation energy of similar to 200kJ/mol and an activation volume of similar to 14x10(-6)m(3)/mol. The magnitude of the water-weakening effect is similar to that for olivine with a water fugacity exponent of r approximate to 0.7. This strong dependence of viscosity on water fugacity (concentration) indicates that the viscosity of an orthopyroxene-bearing mantle varies from one geological setting to another, depending on the large-scale water distribution. Based on the rheology contrast between olivine and enstatite, we conclude that olivine is weaker than enstatite throughout most of the upper mantle except in some shallow regions in the diffusion creep regime