Estudio morfosintáctico de los relativos locativos en las "Siete Partidas"

En el presente trabajo pretendemos analizar los adverbios relativos de lugar que encontramos en "Las Siete Partidas". Nuestro objetivo es conocer este sistema según su uso y sus valores en el lenguaje jurídico de la época medieval, más en concreto, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIII. Asimismo, intentaremos comparar estas formas con las que aparecen en los documentos notariales coetáneos. De los que hemos atestiguado (o, onde, do, donde, oquier, ondequier, doquier y dondequier) trataremos la evolución semántica y formal y los usos sintácticos. Destacaremos los contextos en los que se encuentran, incluyendo antecedentes, tiempos y modos verbales o colocación en la frase.In the present work we attempt to analyze the relative adverbs of place that we found in "Las Siete Partidas". Our goal is to understand this system depending on their values and their use in the legal language of the medieval era, more specifically, in the second half of the thirteenth century. In this way, we will try to compare these forms with which appear in the notarial document peers. We have witnessed (o, onde, do, donde, oquier, ondequier, doquier y dondequier) we will discuss the evolution and formal semantics and the syntax uses. We will emphasize the contexts in which they found, including background, times and verbal modes or placement in the sentence

Estudio morfosintáctico de los relativos locativos en las "Siete Partidas"

En el presente trabajo pretendemos analizar los adverbios relativos de lugar que encontramos en "Las Siete Partidas". Nuestro objetivo es conocer este sistema según su uso y sus valores en el lenguaje jurídico de la época medieval, más en concreto, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIII. Asimismo, intentaremos comparar estas formas con las que aparecen en los documentos notariales coetáneos. De los que hemos atestiguado (o, onde, do, donde, oquier, ondequier, doquier y dondequier) trataremos la evolución semántica y formal y los usos sintácticos. Destacaremos los contextos en los que se encuentran, incluyendo antecedentes, tiempos y modos verbales o colocación en la frase.In the present work we attempt to analyze the relative adverbs of place that we found in "Las Siete Partidas". Our goal is to understand this system depending on their values and their use in the legal language of the medieval era, more specifically, in the second half of the thirteenth century. In this way, we will try to compare these forms with which appear in the notarial document peers. We have witnessed (o, onde, do, donde, oquier, ondequier, doquier y dondequier) we will discuss the evolution and formal semantics and the syntax uses. We will emphasize the contexts in which they found, including background, times and verbal modes or placement in the sentence

Monitoring the phenolic ripening of red grapes using a multisensor system based on metal-oxide nanoparticles

Producción CientíficaThe maturity of grapes is usually monitored by means of the sugar concentration. However, the assessment of other parameters such as the phenolic content is also important because the phenolic maturity has an important impact on the organoleptic characteristics of wines. In this work, voltammetric sensors able to detect phenols in red grapes have been developed. They are based on metal oxide nanoparticles (CeO2, NiO, and TiO2,) whose excellent electrocatalytic properties toward phenols allows obtaining sensors with detection limits in the range of 10−8 M and coefficients of variation lower than 7%. An electronic tongue constructed using a combination of the nanoparticle-based sensors is capable to monitor the phenolic maturity of red grapes from véraison to maturity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can be successfully used to discriminate samples according to the ripeness. Regression models performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS-1) have established good correlations between voltammetric data obtained with the electrochemical sensors and the Total Polyphenolic Index, the Brix degree and the Total Acidity, with correlation coefficients close to 1 and low number of latent variables. An advantage of this system is that the electronic tongue can be used for the simultaneous assessment of these three parameters which are the main factors used to monitor the maturity of grapes. Thus the electronic tongue based on metal oxide nanoparticles can be a valuable tool to monitor ripeness. These results demonstrate the exciting possible applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in the field of electronic tongues.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project AGL2015-67482- R)Junta de Castilla y Leon - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project VA011U16)Junta de Castilla y León (grant BOCYL-D-24112015-9

Environmental concern priming and social acceptance of sustainable technologies: the case of decentralized wastewater treatment systems

According to a report by the World Economic Forum, the water crisis is the fourth most serious global risk to society. The apparent limitations of the hydraulic paradigm to solving this crisis are leading to a change in water management approaches. Recently, decentralized wastewater treatment systems have re-emerged as a partial solution to this problem. However, to implement these systems successfully, it is necessary not only to design this technology but also to have social support and willingness among citizens to use it. Previous studies have shown that these technologies are often perceived as being too costly, and people often do not consider the need for adopting them. However, it has also been pointed out that thinking about these technologies as a sustainable endeavor to reduce human impact on the environment can help to overcome the barriers to usage. Thus, we test whether priming environmental concerns before presenting information about decentralized wastewater treatment plants will increase acceptance of those technologies. In this study, we test whether priming environmental concerns can enhance the acceptance of decentralized wastewater treatment plants even when presenting disadvantages of the technology. In order to do so, we designed an experimental study with a sample of 287 people (85.7% women, M age=20, 28). The experimental design was 2 (priming the environmental concern vs. no priming)×2 (type of information: only advantages vs. advantages and disadvantages). The results showed that those in the environmental concern priming condition had more positive attitudes and behavioral intentions toward decentralized wastewater treatment plants than those in the control condition group. Participants who received only advantages information had a more positive perception toward the decentralized wastewater systems than in the condition, where disadvantages were present, but in the priming condition this difference was not significant. This implies that priming environmental concern helps to overcome the possible disadvantages that act as barriers to acceptanceThis project had received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement no. 730285. The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC/GPC2016-017-GI-1456, COSOYPA, and CRETUS Strategic Partnership (AGRUP2015/02). All these programs are co-funded by FEDER (UE)S

Flow Prediction in Ungauged Catchments Using Probabilistic Random Forests Regionalization and New Statistical Adequacy Tests

Flow prediction in ungauged catchments is a major unresolved challenge in scientific and engineering hydrology. This study attacks the prediction in ungauged catchment problem by exploiting advances in flow index selection and regionalization in Bayesian inference and by developing new statistical tests of model performance in ungauged catchments. First, an extensive set of available flow indices is reduced using principal component (PC) analysis to a compact orthogonal set of ?flow index PCs.? These flow index PCs are regionalized under minimal assumptions using random forests regression augmented with a residual error model and used to condition hydrological model parameters using a Bayesian scheme. Second, ?adequacy? tests are proposed to evaluate a priori the hydrological and regionalization model performance in the space of flow index PCs. The proposed regionalization approach is applied to 92 northern Spain catchments, with 16 catchments treated as ungauged. It is shown that (1) a small number of PCs capture approximately 87% of variability in the flow indices and (2) adequacy tests with respect to regionalized information are indicative of (but do not guarantee) the ability of a hydrological model to predict flow time series and are hence proposed as a prerequisite for flow prediction in ungauged catchments. The adequacy tests identify the regionalization of flow index PCs as adequate in 12 of 16 catchments but the hydrological model as adequate in only 1 of 16 catchments. Hence, a focus on improving hydrological model structure and input data (the effects of which are not disaggregated in this work) is recommended

Electronic Noses and Tongues in Wine Industry

Producción CientíficaThe quality of wines is usually evaluated by a sensory panel formed of trained experts or traditional chemical analysis. Over the last few decades, electronic noses (e-noses) and electronic tongues have been developed to determine the quality of foods and beverages. They consist of arrays of sensors with cross-sensitivity, combined with pattern recognition software, which provide a fingerprint of the samples that can be used to discriminate or classify the samples. This holistic approach is inspired by the method used in mammals to recognize food through their senses. They have been widely applied to the analysis of wines, including quality control, aging control, or the detection of fraudulence, among others. In this paper, the current status of research and development in the field of e-noses and tongues applied to the analysis of wines is reviewed. Their potential applications in the wine industry are described. The review ends with a final comment about expected future developments.CM-P agradece a la Universidad de Valladolid por su beca PIF-UVa y CG-H por su contrato pre-doctoral JCYL (BOCYL-D-24112015-9).Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad – FEDER (Grant AGL2015-67482-R)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA-032U13

Manejo anestésico y quirúrgico en perras sometidas a esterilización por vía laparoscópica

La esterilización de perras mediante ovariectomía laparoscópica es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo cada vez más empleado en la clínica veterinaria frente a la cirugía abierta.Se realizó un estudio prospectivo incluyendo 16 perras que iban a someterse a una ovariectomía electiva, distribuyéndolas aleatoriamente en dos grupos en función de la técnica quirúrgica a realizar: laparotomía o laparoscopia. Durante el procedimiento y el posoperatorio se recogieron los siguientes datos: duración de la intervención, necesidades analgésicas intraoperatorias y posoperatorias, necesidad de sedación al despertar, tiempo en despertar, tiempo en ponerse de pie, tiempo en tener apetito, dolor posoperatorio según la escala de Glasgow a los 30, 60 y 120 minutos del despertar. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos y se realizó un estudio estadístico mediante SPSS.No se detectaron diferencias significativas entre grupos en el tiempo al despertar (p=0,322), en la necesidad de dexmedetomidina al despertar (p=0,608) ni en las necesidades analgésicas intraoperatorias (p=0,282). Por el contrario, se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la duración de la intervención (p=0,002), el tiempo en ponerse de pie (p=0,008), en tener apetito (p=0,001) y en la evaluación del dolor mediante la Escala de Glasgow en los 3 tiempos citados (pLa ovariectomía laparoscópica en perras es una buena alternativa a la cirugía abierta que proporciona mejores y más rápidas recuperaciones y menores necesidades analgésicas posoperatorias.<br /

An Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Multisensor System Based on Phthalocyanine Nanostructured Films: Discrimination of Musts

Producción CientíficaAn array of electrochemical quartz crystal electrodes (EQCM) modified with nanostructured films based on phthalocyanines was developed and used to discriminate musts prepared from different varieties of grapes. Nanostructured films of iron, nickel and copper phthalocyanines were deposited on Pt/quartz crystals through the Layer by Layer technique by alternating layers of the corresponding phthalocyanine and poly-allylamine hydrochloride. Simultaneous electrochemical and mass measurements were used to study the mass changes accompanying the oxidation of electroactive species present in must samples obtained from six Spanish varieties of grapes (Juan García, Prieto Picudo, Mencía Regadío, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha and Tempranillo). The mass and voltammetric outputs were processed using three-way models. Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) was successfully used to discriminate the must samples according to their variety. Multi-way partial least squares (N-PLS) evidenced the correlations existing between the voltammetric data and the polyphenolic content measured by chemical methods. Similarly, N-PLS showed a correlation between mass outputs and parameters related to the sugar content. These results demonstrated that electronic tongues based on arrays of EQCM sensors can offer advantages over arrays of mass or voltammetric sensors used separately.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad – FEDER (Grant CICYT AGL2012-33535)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA-032U13)University of Valladolid (PIF-UVa

Improvement of electrocatalytic effect in voltammetric sensors based on phthalocyanines

Producción CientíficaVoltammetric sensors based on phthalocyanines have been used to detect a variety of compounds. In this paper, the state of the art of sensors prepared using classical techniques will be revised. Then, new strategies to improve the performance of the sensors will be described using as example sensors chemically modified with lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc2) dedicated to the detection of phenols of interest in the food industry. Classical LuPc2 carbon paste electrodes can detect phenols such as catechol, caffeic acid or pyrogallol with limits of detection in the range of 10-4–10-5 M. The performance can be improved by using nanostructured Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) or Layer by Layer (LbL) films. The enhanced surface to volume ratio produce an increase in the sensitivity of the sensors. Limits of detection of 10-5–10-7 M are attained, which are one order of magnitude lower than those obtained using conventional carbon paste electrodes. Moreover, these techniques can be used to coimmobilize two electrocatalytic materials in the same device. The limits of detection obtained in LB sensors combining LuPc2/AuNPs or LuPc2/CNT are further improved. Finally, the LB technique has been used to prepare biosensors where a phenol oxydase (such as tyrosinase or lacasse) is immobilized in a biomimetic environment that preserves the enzymatic activity. Moreover, LuPc2 can be co-immobilized with the enzyme in a lipidc film formed by arachidic acid (AA). LuPc2 can act as an electron mediator facilitating the electron transfer. These biomimetic sensors formed by LuPc2/AA/enzyme show Limits of detection of 10-8 M and an enhanced selectivity.CM-P agradece a la Universidad de Valladolid por su beca PIF-UVa y CG-H por su contrato pre-doctoral JCYL (BOCYL-D-24112015-9).Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad – FEDER (Grant CICYT AGL2012-33535)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA-032U13