Diputacions : l’ens qüestionat

Treball Final de Grau en Periodisme. Codi: PE0932.Curs: 2014/2015Es presenta un reportatge que aprofundeix sobre l’administració provincial i les diputacions provincials. El reportatge desenvolupa el debat sobre la utilitat, avantatges i problemes de les diputacions provincials en l’actualitat. Aquesta discussió ha estat present en els darrers anys a l’esfera política i social. Des de l’any 2011, aquest debat es va fer més patent, quan en el moment més crític de la crisi econòmica, molts partits polítics van analitzar el funcionament de les diputacions i es van posicionar. El debat sobre l’eficàcia i la utilitat de les diputacions provincials inclou diferents temes, com el seu funcionament, la seva eficàcia i el seu futur. El reportatge ofereix diferents punts de vista de la situació actual de les diputacions mitjançant entrevistes de càrrecs polítics que han treballat per a l’administració i l’opinió experta d’un professor de dret que analitza aquesta administració.A report that involves the debate of the provincial administration and the provincial government. This report develops the debate about the usefulness, advantages and problems of the provincial government nowadays. The discussion about the utility of the provincial administration has been present regularly in the political and social sphere. Since 2011 it became more relevant when in the most critical moment of the economic crisis, political parties analyzed the situation of the administration. The debate over the usefulness and utility of the provincial administration covers several topics, such its functioning, their efficiency and its future. The report offers different points of view on the current situation of the provincial government with interviews to politicians who have worked in the administration and the expert opinion of a law professor that gives an outlook of the regional administrations

Laterally Extended Endopelvic Resection (Leer) and Reconstructive Techniques for Treatment of Locally Advanced Cervix Cancer: A Case Report

The aim of this report is to describe the surgical procedure done in a 24-year-old woman who presents a locally advanced squamous cervix carcinoma and is proposed to laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER), intraoperative radiation therapy with electrons (IORT) and urinary and colon diversion with vaginal reconstruction. A year after surgery the patient is alive, without disease and with and acceptable quality of life

Deep Learning for Skin Melanocytic Tumors in Whole-Slide Images: A Systematic Review

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown promising performance as a support tool in clinical pathology workflows. In addition to the well-known interobserver variability between dermatopathologists, melanomas present a significant challenge in their histological interpretation. This study aims to analyze all previously published studies on whole-slide images of melanocytic tumors that rely on deep learning techniques for automatic image analysis. Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library were used to search for relevant studies for the systematic review, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Articles from 2015 to July 2022 were included, with an emphasis placed on the used artificial intelligence methods. Twenty-eight studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were grouped into four groups based on their clinical objectives, including pathologists versus deep learning models (n = 10), diagnostic prediction (n = 7); prognosis (n = 5), and histological features (n = 6). These were then analyzed to draw conclusions on the general parameters and conditions of AI in pathology, as well as the necessary factors for better performance in real scenarios

Deep Learning for Skin Melanocytic Tumors in Whole-Slide Images: A Systematic Review

[EN] Simple Summary Deep learning (DL) is expanding into the surgical pathology field and shows promising outcomes in diminishing subjective interpretations, especially in dermatopathology. We aim to show the efforts of implementing DL models for melanocytic tumors in whole slide images. Four electronic databases were systematically searched, and 28 studies were identified. Our analysis revealed four research trends: DL models vs. pathologists, diagnostic prediction, prognosis, and regions of interest. We also highlight relevant issues that must be considered to implement these models in real scenarios taking into account pathologists' and engineers' perspectives. The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown promising performance as a support tool in clinical pathology workflows. In addition to the well-known interobserver variability between dermatopathologists, melanomas present a significant challenge in their histological interpretation. This study aims to analyze all previously published studies on whole-slide images of melanocytic tumors that rely on deep learning techniques for automatic image analysis. Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library were used to search for relevant studies for the systematic review, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Articles from 2015 to July 2022 were included, with an emphasis placed on the used artificial intelligence methods. Twenty-eight studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were grouped into four groups based on their clinical objectives, including pathologists versus deep learning models (n = 10), diagnostic prediction (n = 7); prognosis (n = 5), and histological features (n = 6). These were then analyzed to draw conclusions on the general parameters and conditions of AI in pathology, as well as the necessary factors for better performance in real scenarios.This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme for Research and Innovation, under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No. 860627 (CLARIFY). The work is also supported by project INNEST/2021/321 (SAMUEL), PAID-10-21 - Subprograma 1 and PAID-PD-22 for postdoctoral research, and PI20/00094, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, y Fondos Europeos FEDER.Mosquera-Zamudio, A.; Launet, L.; Tabatabaei, Z.; Parra-Medina, R.; Colomer, A.; Oliver Moll, J.; Monteagudo, C.... (2023). Deep Learning for Skin Melanocytic Tumors in Whole-Slide Images: A Systematic Review. Cancers. 15(1):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers1501004211915

Nusinersen versus Sham Control in Later-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy

International audienceBACKGROUND Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide drug that modulates pre-messenger RNA splicing of the survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene. It has been developed for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). METHODS We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, sham-controlled, phase 3 trial of nusinersen in 126 children with SMA who had symptom onset after 6 months of age. The children were randomly assigned, in a 2: 1 ratio, to undergo intrathecal administration of nusinersen at a dose of 12 mg (nusinersen group) or a sham procedure (control group) on days 1, 29, 85, and 274. The primary end point was the least-squares mean change from baseline in the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded (HFMSE) score at 15 months of treatment; HFMSE scores range from 0 to 66, with higher scores indicating better motor function. Secondary end points included the percentage of children with a clinically meaningful increase from baseline in the HFMSE score (>= 3 points), an outcome that indicates improvement in at least two motor skills. RESULTS In the prespecified interim analysis, there was a least-squares mean increase from baseline to month 15 in the HFMSE score in the nusinersen group (by 4.0 points) and a least-squares mean decrease in the control group (by -1.9 points), with a significant between-group difference favoring nusinersen (least-squares mean difference in change, 5.9 points; 95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 8.1; P< 0.001). This result prompted early termination of the trial. Results of the final analysis were consistent with results of the interim analysis. In the final analysis, 57% of the children in the nusinersen group as compared with 26% in the control group had an increase from baseline to month 15 in the HFMSE score of at least 3 points (P< 0.001), and the overall incidence of adverse events was similar in the nusinersen group and the control group (93% and 100%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among children with later-onset SMA, those who received nusinersen had significant and clinically meaningful improvement in motor function as compared with those in the control group. (Funded by Biogen and Ionis Pharmaceuticals; CHERISH ClinicalTrials. gov number, NCT02292537.