Multidisciplinary investigations on the use of TiNb alloy orthopedic device equipped with low profile antenna as smart sensor

Abstract In this paper, a new complex medical device is proposed using TiNb based metallic alloy, acting also as a ground plane for a low profile printed antenna sited on a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The first step of the research is oriented on the experimental study of the properties of TiNb based alloy and on the development of the orthopedic device. The second step is focalized on the electromagnetic characterization of the implanted printed antennas. The resulting smart orthopedic device incorporating the antenna and when embedded in a body environment is numerically analyzed from communication point of view. In particular, the radiation characteristics, necessary for the calculation of the link budget when the device is used for communication with the external to the body receiver is considered. Such scenario finds its applications in monitoring some vital human functions for example in post chirurgical rehabilitation or other long-term surveys

Key Generation of Biomedical Implanted Antennas Through Artificial Neural Networks

This paper presents an accurate and efficient optimization-based approach for modelling and sizing implanted antennas automatically. The proposed method employs the long short-term memory (LSTM) artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting the design specifications in not only one frequency but also in a large frequency band. The entire process is performed in an automated environment that is the combination of electronic design automation (EDA) tools and the numerical analyzer. Based on this intelligent method, the difficulty of designing electromagnetic (EM)-based antennas is solved to the most degrees and the design parameters can be achieved in the easiest way. To validate the efficiency of the presented ANN, two implanted antennas are designed; they and realized on a grounded biocompatible substrate and covered by bone, muscle, fat, and skin tissues, respectively. These implanted antennas are optimized in terms of input scattering parameter, E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern (RP) specifications and the suitable design parameters are provided automatically. The modelled implanted antennas are appropriate to be used at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz

Up-to-Date Knowledge and Outlooks for the Use of Metallic Biomaterials: Review Paper

In all cases, when a material has to be used in medical applications, the knowledge of its physical, chemical and biological properties is of fundamental significance, since the direct contact between the biological system and the considered device could generate reactions whose long-term effects must be clearly quantified. The class of materials that exhibits characteristics that allow their use for the considered applications are commonly called biomaterials. Patients suffering from different diseases generate a great demand for real therapies, where the use of biomaterials are mandatory. Commonly, metallic biomaterials are used because their structural functions; the high strength and resistance to fracture they can offer, provide reliable performance primarily in the fields of orthopedics and dentistry. In metals, because of their particular structure, plastic deformation takes place easier, inducing good formability in manufacturing. The present paper is not encyclopaedic, but reports in the first part some current literature data and perspectives about the possibility of use different class of metallic materials for medical applications, while the second part recalls some results of the current research in this field carried out by the authors

Deep Learning and its Benefits in Prediction of Patients Through Medical Images

The ability to comprehend the medical images and make prediction on diseases, significantly depends on any medical doctors' experiences. In the wireless medical communications, this process is not developing effectively, and significant tasks are required to make it of high accuracy. Hence, advanced methods are required for accurately diagnosing the various diseases and in the shortest time. Use of deep learning techniques can be a proper solution due to their suitable accuracy in the image segmentation giving rise to pathologic prediction by considering the medical images. In this paper, we employ the deep neural network for predicting the various cysts that can be exist in the human's brain. This intelligent method can estimate and predict the types of brain cysts by the provided medical images. The experimental results demonstrate the well-performance of the presented method to be used for predicting the patients with affections by the help of scanned medical images

Amplifiers in Biomedical Engineering: A Review from Application Perspectives

Continuous monitoring and treatment of various diseases with biomedical technologies and wearable electronics has become significantly important. The healthcare area is an important, evolving field that, among other things, requires electronic and micro-electromechanical technologies. Designed circuits and smart devices can lead to reduced hospitalization time and hospitals equipped with high-quality equipment. Some of these devices can also be implanted inside the body. Recently, various implanted electronic devices for monitoring and diagnosing diseases have been presented. These instruments require communication links through wireless technologies. In the transmitters of these devices, power amplifiers are the most important components and their performance plays important roles. This paper is devoted to collecting and providing a comprehensive review on the various designed implanted amplifiers for advanced biomedical applications. The reported amplifiers vary with respect to the class/type of amplifier, implemented CMOS technology, frequency band, output power, and the overall efficiency of the designs. The purpose of the authors is to provide a general view of the available solutions, and any researcher can obtain suitable circuit designs that can be selected for their problem by reading this survey

Materials for Electromagnetic Purpose: The Case of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Characteristics Improvement by Additions of Metals as Spherical Inclusions Into the Substrate

AbstractThis paper deals with the design of metamaterial (MTM) substrates to be used in electromagnetic devices. In particular, the approach has been considered for different investigations having the scope the realization of antennas on flexible substrates. The importance of the topic resides in the potential of conforming the antenna to/on desirable shapes. Flexibility is well exploitable either in advanced communication systems or in biomedical applications, just to mention some. The proposed MTM is made of metallic spherical inclusions of AISI52100, which are embedded in a polymer host. The paper aims to assess the feasibility of increasing the performance of a microstrip patch antenna, and to decrease its size by using the MTM substrate, which is able to locally control the permittivity of the substrate and to create electromagnetic band-gap regions outside of the patch

Application of Dielectric Resonator Antenna in Implantable Medical Devices

Wireles biomedical telemetry through Implantable Medical Devices (IMD) has been one of the major interest of human kind in present times due to life supporting advantages. As sensors, actuators, battery and antenna comprises the IMD and role of efficient radiator describes the quality of implantable device. However, Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRA) have been proved more efficient in comparison to their contemporaries in different applications due to its inherent properties, but application of DRA in implantable devices is not proposed yet. In this paper, a rectangular DRA resonating at 2.45 GHz excited by coplanar waveguide feed has been proposed for in depth implantable applications

IEEE Access Special Section Editorial: Bio-Compatible Devices and Bio-Electromagnetics for Bio-Medical Applications

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Mutual Coupling Reduction Between Implanted Microstrip Antennas on a Cylindrical Bio-Metallic Ground Plane

The mutual coupling between two antennas within a human body model is studied. Our multilayer cylindrical body model includes highly lossy body tissues under which a biocompatible metal implant is inserted. This cylindrical bio-metal implant serves as the common ground plane for the conformal antennas. The mutual coupling between two such conformal microstrip antennas is studied and quantified for different spacing between them. Three methods are proposed to reduce mutual coupling between the two antennas. Each of them are investigated in details and their effectiveness is compared