Virchows Archiv—an update, and plans for the future

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Composizione dello "sporco" (macrobenthos non commerciale) della pesca a strascico Campagna MEDITS 2013 - Stretto di Sicilia

E’ riportata la lista tassonomica del macrobenthos campionato nel corso del trawl-surveys MEDITS 2013 svolto nello Stretto di Sicilia

Composizione dello "sporco" (macrobenthos non commerciale) della pesca a strascico Campagna MEDITS 2016 - Stretto di Sicilia

E' riportata la lista tassonomica del macrobenthos campionato nel corso del trawl-survey MEDITS 2016 svolto nello Stretto di Sicilia

Composizione dello "sporco" (macrobenthos non commerciale) della pesca a strascico Campagna GRUND 2008 - Stretto di Sicilia

E’ riportata la lista tassonomica del macrobenthos campionato nel corso del trawl-surveys GRUND 2008 svolto nello Stretto di Sicilia

Kako smo poboljšanim mjerama praćenja izloženosti i zaštite na radu snizili razine formaldehida u zraku u sveučilišnoj bolnici u Italiji: sažetak 20 godina iskustava

The last two decades have been crucial for the assessment of airborne formaldehyde (FA) exposure in healthcare environments due to changes in limits and reference values, definition of carcinogenicity, and new monitoring methods. The aim of this study was to analyse twenty years (1999–2019) of experience in automatic, continuous airborne FA monitoring in the Pathology Laboratory and operating rooms at the Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy. These 20 years saw gradual improvements in FA monitoring of exposed employees considered at maximum risk, including improvements in analytical methods of detection and sampling strategies, which came with changes in procedures and workflow operations. In 2019, after the adoption of safe practices, including a closed-circuit system using pre-loaded containers and a vacuum sealing, 94 % of the total measurements (FA concentrations) were lower than 16 μg/m3, and only 6 % ranged from 21 to 75 μg/m3. In the studied work units, the ratio between area and personal readings ranged from 0.9 to 1.0, both for long and short-term sampling. Personal sampling was simplified with a new workstation, which integrated different monitoring systems into an innovative ergonomic armchair equipped with personal sampling devices. Area monitoring was also improved with a real-time, continuous photoacoustic instrument. Over these 20 years, FA exposure significantly dropped, which coincided with optimised histology workflow and implementation of safety practices. For high-throughput screening and cost savings we propose an innovative ergonomic armchair station which allows remote continuous monitoring.Posljednja dva desetljeća bila su iznimno važna za procjenu izloženosti formaldehidu (FA) u zraku u zdravstvenim ustanovama zahvaljujući promjenama u preporučenim maksimalnim i referentnim vrijednostima, definiciji njegove kancerogenosti i novim metodama mjerenja/praćenja. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio analizirati dvadeset godina (1999. – 2000.) iskustva u automatskom, kontinuiranom mjerenju razina FA-a u laboratoriju za patologiju i operacijskim dvoranama talijanske sveučilišne bolnice Careggi u Firenzi. Tijekom tih dvadeset godina bolnica je postupno poboljšavala metode praćenja razina FA-a i osoblja izloženoga najvećem riziku, analitičke metode detekcije i strategije uzorkovanja koje su bile popraćene promjenama u odgovarajućim postupcima i organizaciji rada. Nakon usvajanja novih postupaka zaštite na radu 2019., uključujući i zatvoreni sustav rukovanja spremnicima i sustav vakuumskoga zatvaranja, razine FA-a u 94 % izmjera bile su niže od 16 μg/m3, a samo 6 % izmjera kretalo se u rasponu od 21 do 75 μg/m3. Omjer izmjerenih razina prostornih i osobnih skupljača uzoraka u ispitanim scenarijima kretao se od 0,9 do 1,0, bez obzira na to je li posrijedi kratkoročno ili dugoročno mjerenje. Mjerenje osobnim mjeračima dodatno je pojednostavljeno novom radnom stanicom u obliku ergonomskoga radnog stolca, koji u sebi objedinjuje različite sustave praćenja i osobne mjerače. Nisu zaostala ni poboljšanja u prostornom mjerenju, budući da je uveden novi fotoakustični uređaj za kontinuirano mjerenje u stvarnom vremenu. U tih 20 godina izloženost FA-u drastično se smanjila, što je popraćeno poboljšanom organizacijom obrade histoloških uzoraka i zaštite na radu. Radnu stanicu u obliku ergonomskoga stolca svakako preporučujemo zbog velikog kapaciteta protoka za probirno mjerenje, značajnih ušteda i mogućnosti daljinskog upravljanja

La reproducción de la cigala (Nephrops norvegicus, Crustacea Decapoda Nephropidae) en diferentes zonas del Mediterráneo

The main aspects of reproduction - namely times of ovarian maturation, brooding and hatching, sizes of maturation and fecundity - were studied in female Norway lobsters in seven areas of the Mediterranean biogeographic subprovince: the Algarve Sea, the Alboran Sea, the Catalan Sea, the Ligurian Sea, the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, the Adriatic Sea and the Gulf of Euboikos. These included both shelf and slope populations within a latitudinal range of 8°. The reproduction showed clear seasonality with some small differences between areas: maturation delayed by 1-2 months in northern areas (Ligurian, N. Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas) compared to southern areas; absence of embryos for periods of 4-5 months in slope females and for less clearly defined periods in shelf females. The case study of the Ligurian Sea was used to illustrate the ovarian cycle and to describe the pre- and post-puberal growth of the female. First mating occurs at an average size of 32 mm CL, which corresponds to age 3+ of the female and the hatching of the first brood corresponds to age 4. Differences were registered in reproductive sizes in the study areas, with a range of 23-30 mm CL for the smallest berried females and a range of 30-36 mm CL in the 50% maturity size. These differences were ascribed to local factors, whereas ages of the basic steps of reproduction were assumed to be unchanged. Females of age 2 formed the most abundant share of the fished stock. An estimate of fecundity was made in terms of brood size (embryos were counted at an early stage of development): the range was 1119-1834 embryos in a standard female of 35 mm CL. Reproductive potential, calculated on the basis of a virtual population analysis, was strongly influenced by the size structure of the female population in each area and there was a ratio of about 14:1 between the least (Ligurian) and the most exploited (Catalan) fishing grounds.En siete áreas de la subprovincia biogeográfica Mediterránea: costas de Algarve, Alborán, mar Catalán, mar Ligur, norte del Tirreno, Adriático y golfo de Euboikos, se estudian los principales aspectos de la reproducción (período de maduración ovárica, incubación y eclosión, talla de primera maduración y fecundidad) de la cigala. Las poblaciones estudiadas proceden tanto de la plataforma como del talud continental abarcando un rango latitudinal de 8º. La reproducción muestra una clara estacionalidad con pequeñas diferencias entre áreas: la maduración puede presentarse retrasada en 1–2 meses en las áreas más septentrionales (Liguria, Tyrrheno y Adriático), respecto a las áreas más meridonales; ausencia de embriones durante 4-5 meses en hembras del talud y períodods menos claramente definidos en las hembras de la plataforma. Se presenta como ejemplo el caso concreto del mar Ligur con el fin de ilustrar el ciclo gonadal y describir el crecimiento pre y post pubertal de las hembras. La primera cópula ocurre alrededor de los 32 mm CL, lo que corresponde a una edad de 3+ años, mientras que la primera eclosión de los huevos corresponderá a los 4 años. También se observaron diferencias en las tallas reproductivas de las hembras entre las distintas zonas, desde un rango de entre 23 y 30 mm CL para las hembras ovadas más pequeñas, hasta un rango de entre 30-36 mm CL, para las hembras en la talla del 50% de madurez. Estas diferencias se atribuyen a factores locales asumiendo que el patrón reproductor básico es el mismo. Las hembras de edad 2 constituyen la mayor parte del stock pescado. La estimación de la fecundidad se establece en base al tamaño de la puesta (embriones contados en los primeros estados de desarrollo). Para hembras estándar de 35 mm de CL, se estimaron un número de huevos entre 1119 y 1834. El potencial reproductor se calculó en base al análisis de la población virtual y fue estrechamente influenciado por la estructura de tallas de la población de hembras en cada área. La máxima diferencia encontrada, con una proporción de 14:1, fue entre Liguria y Cataluña, esta última como zona más explotada