A Deep Multicolor Survey V: The M Dwarf Luminosity Function

We present a study of M dwarfs discovered in a large area, multicolor survey. We employ a combination of morphological and color criteria to select M dwarfs to a limiting magnitude in V of 22, the deepest such ground-based survey for M dwarfs to date. We solve for the vertical disk stellar density law and use the resulting parameters to derive the M dwarf luminosity and mass functions from this sample. We find the stellar luminosity function peaks at M_V = 12 and declines thereafter. Our derived mass function for stars with M < 0.6 M_sun is inconsistent with a Salpeter function at the 3 sigma level; instead, we find the mass function is relatively flat for 0.6 M_sun > M > 0.1 M_sun.Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ. 19 pages including 4 embedded postscript figures (AASTEX

Identifikasi Keberadaan Coliform dan Escherichia Coli pada Es Jeruk Kemasan (Studi di Wilayah Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Semarang)

Need of drinking water becomes a matter that can not be separated from human life, even for primary school aged children. Microbiological quality of the snack drink based on SNI is Coliform &lt;3/g, and have negative in Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study is to describe the microbiological quality of citrus ice instants that sold in elementary school areas by the presence of coliform and Escherichia coli. The study design of this research was cross-sectional with study types is descriptive. The number of sample is 39 samples with 39 subject study. The collect of data using laboratory results. The results showed that samples did not qualify of Coliform numbers is 84.6%, while the presence of Escherichia coli is 56.4%. So that the microbiological quality has 33 qualify samples and 6 unqualify samples. Traders in the area of primary school should pay attention to personal hygiene that can be a factor of contamination of citrus ice snacks. Increasing awareness of trader's personal hygiene practices with routine monitoring from the primary school's rules is needed

Continuous variable cloning via network of parametric gates

We propose an experimental scheme for the cloning machine of continuous quantum variables through a network of parametric amplifiers working as input-output four-port gates.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear on Phys. Rev. Let

Efficacy of Two Common Methods of Application of Residual Insecticide for Controlling the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), in Urban Areas

After its first introduction in the 1980's the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), has spread throughout Southern Europe. Ae. albopictus is considered an epidemiologically important vector for the transmission of many viral pathogens such as the yellow fever virus, dengue fever and Chikungunya fever, as well as several filarial nematodes such as Dirofilaria immitis or D. repens. It is therefore crucial to develop measures to reduce the risks of disease transmission by controlling the vector populations. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of two application techniques (mist vs. stretcher sprayer) and two insecticides (Etox based on the nonester pyrethroid Etofenprox vs. Microsin based on the pyrethroid type II Cypermetrin) in controlling adult tiger mosquito populations in highly populated areas. To test the effect of the two treatments pre- and post-treatment human landing rate counts were conducted for two years. After one day from the treatment we observed a 100% population decrease in mosquito abundance with both application methods and both insecticides. However, seven and 14 days after the application the stretcher sprayer showed larger population reductions than the mist sprayer. No effect of insecticide type after one day and 14 days was found, while Etox caused slightly higher population reduction than Microsin after seven days. Emergency measures to locally reduce the vector populations should adopt adulticide treatments using stretcher sprayers. However, more research is still needed to evaluate the potential negative effects of adulticide applications on non-target organisms

Preliminary slip rate estimates for the Düzce segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone from offset geomorphic markers

New estimates on the Quaternary slip rate of the active transform margin of North Anatolia are provided. We investigated the area struck by the 12th November 1999, Mw 7.1 earthquake, that ruptured the Düzce fault segment of the North Anatolian Fault. In order to analyze the spectacular tectonically driven cumulative landforms and the drainage pattern settings, we carried out a 1:25,000-scale geological and geomorphological mapping along the fault trace. We reconstruct and describe, as offset geomorphic markers, right-hand stream deflections and fluvial terraces inset into alluvial fan deposits. Radiocarbon dating indicates that ~100 m stream deflections were built up by the last ~7000 yrs of fault activity. Conversely, two documented and correlated Late Pleistocene fluvial terraces are horizontally offset by ~300 and ~900 m, respectively. These were dated by means of Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) to ~21 ka BP and 60 ka BP. Assuming a constant rate of deformation for the Düzce Fault, ages and related offsets translate to consistent slip-rates that yield an average slip-rate of 15.0 ± 3.2 mm/yr for the last 60 ka. Thus, the Düzce Fault importantly contributes to the North Anatolian margin deformation, suggesting a present-day partitioning of displacement rates with the Mudurnu fault to the south and confirming its important role in the seismic hazard of the area

Engaruh Ekstrak Patikan Kebo (Euphorbia Hirta L.) Terhadap Hitung Eosinofil Darah Tepi Pada Mencit Model Asma Alergi

Asthma is characterized by both chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airways. Eosinophils may contribute to inflammation associated with bronchial asthma by causing tissue damage and subsequently organ dysfunction, but also by the generation of cytokines and lipid mediators. It was reported in previous studies that pharmacological activities were identified in various compounds extracted fromEuphorbia hirta L. such as antiinflammatory,histamine inhibitor, lipoxygenase inhibitor, anti-allergic and cyclooxygenase inhibitor. This study was aimed to determine the effect of E.hirtaextract onperipheral blood eosinophils count in mice model of allergic asthma. MaleBalb/C mice were sensitized and challenged intraperitoneally (i.p) with ovalbumin(OVA). Mice were immunized i.p. on days 1 and 14 with 2.5 mgof OVA adsorbed to 7.75ml of Aluminium hydroxide gel. OVA challenges (10 mgOVA in l ml of PBS) were administered aerosolly on days 21, 23, 25 and 27, andperipheral blood eosinophilscount was determinedon day 28.A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with LSDpost hocanalysis was used to determine significant differences. Results were expressed as mean+SEM, and values of p&lt;0.05wereconsidered statistically significant. The results showed thatperipheral blood eosinophilscountin the OVA group was51.0+10.4cells/mm E. hirtaextract dose 500 mg/BW/day was30.2+6.3cells/mm3,E. hirtaextract dose 1,000 mg/BW/day was 30.4+6.0cells/mm and antihistamine group was32.2+8.6cells/mm respectively, whilecontrol mice showed46.6-8.8 cells/mm3. It was concluded that E. hirta extract could minimizeperipheralblood eosinophilscount

Flow cytometry for feline lymphoma : a retrospective study regarding pre-analytical factors possibly affecting the quality of samples

Objectives: Flow cytometry (FC) is becoming increasingly popular among veterinary oncologists for the diagnosis of lymphoma or leukaemia. It is accurate, fast and minimally invasive. Several studies of FC have been carried out in canine oncology and applied with great results, whereas there is limited knowledge and use of this technique in feline patients. This is mainly owing to the high prevalence of intra-abdominal lymphomas in this species and the difficulty associated with the diagnostic procedures needed to collect the sample. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether any pre-analytical factor might affect the quality of suspected feline lymphoma samples for FC analysis. Methods: Ninety-seven consecutive samples of suspected feline lymphoma were retrospectively selected from the authors\u2019 institution\u2019s FC database. The referring veterinarians were contacted and interviewed about several different variables, including signalment, appearance of the lesion, features of the sampling procedure and the experience of veterinarians performing the sampling. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the possible influence of these variables on the cellularity of the samples and the likelihood of it being finally processed for FC. Results: Sample cellularity is a major factor in the likelihood of the sample being processed. Moreover, sample cellularity was significantly influenced by the needle size, with 21 G needles providing the highest cellularity. Notably, the sample cellularity and the likelihood of being processed did not vary between peripheral and intra-abdominal lesions. Approximately half of the cats required pharmacological restraint. Side effects were reported in one case only (transient swelling after peripheral lymph node sampling). Conclusions and relevance: FC can be safely applied to cases of suspected feline lymphomas, including intra-abdominal lesions. A 21 G needle should be preferred for sampling. This study provides the basis for the increased use of this minimally invasive, fast and cost-effective technique in feline medicine

Input-Output Relations in Optical Cavities: a Simple Point of View

In this work we present a very simple approach to input-output relations in optical cavities, limiting ourselves to one- and two-photon states of the field. After field quantization, we derive the non-unitary transformation between {\em Inside} and {\em Outside} annihilation and creation operators. Then we express the most general two-photon state generated by {\em Inside} creation operators, through base states generated by {\em Outside} creation operators. After renormalization of coefficients of inside two-photon state, we calculate the outside photon-number probability distribution in a general case. Finally we treat with some detail the single mode and symmetrical cavity case.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figures jpg, LaTe