7 research outputs found
Factors associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among Caribbean immigrants in the United States
- Author
- Publication venue
- DigitalCommons@EMU
- Publication date
- 01/01/2011
- Field of study
Background: There are limited data available on the fruit and vegetable consumption of Caribbean immigrants in the United States.
Purpose: To assess changes in intakes of fruits and vegetables in Caribbean immigrants while assessing knowledge of the recommended servings and barriers to intake.
Method: A cross sectional Internet questionnaire was conducted for Caribbean-born members of the social network website Cariblifecentral.com. Data were analyzed using descriptive frequencies, Pearson’s chi-square, and the Student’s t-test.
Results: Of 113 respondents, 37 reported consuming less vegetables since emigrating (p\u3c0.10) while 29 reported eating more. However, 10.8% of respondents did not know the recommended servings for vegetables. Access to fresh produce was no barrier to consumption.
Conclusions: As this population continues to grow, it becomes necessary to tailor nutrition and disease prevention information and provide education about the benefits of consuming a balanced diet and risks associated with inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables
Neuromatch Academy: a 3-week, online summer school in computational neuroscience
- Author
- \u27t Hart Bernard Marius
- Achakulvisut Titipat
- Adeyemi Ayoade
- Akrami Athena
- Alicea Bradly
- Alonso-Andres Alicia
- Alzate-Correa Diego
- Ash Arash
- Ballesteros Jesus J.
- Balwani Aishwarya
- Batty Eleanor
- Beierholm Ulrik
- Benjamin Ari S.
- Bhalla Upinder
- Blohm Gunnar
- Blohm Joachim C. H.
- Bonnen Kathryn
- Brigham Marco
- Brunton Bingni W.
- Butler John
- Caie Brandon
- Castillo Itzel Olivos
- Chatterjee Sharbatanu
- Chavlis Spyridon
- Chen Ruidong
- Cheng You
- Chow H. M.
- Chua Raymond
- Dai Yunwei
- David Isaac
- Denis Julien
- DeWitt Eric E. J.
- Dipani Alish
- Dorschel Arianna
- Drugowitsch Jan
- Dwivedi Kshitij
- Escola Sean
- Fan Haoxue
- Farhoodi Roozbeh
- Fei Yicheng
- Fiquet Pierre-Étienne
- Fontolan Lorenzo
- Forest Jeremy
- Fujishima Yuki
- Gajic N Alex Cayco
- Galbraith Byron V.
- Galdamez Mario
- Gao Richard
- Gjorgjieva Julijana
- Gonzalez Alexander
- Gu Qinglong
- Guo Yueqi
- Guo Ziyi
- Gupta Pankaj K.
- Gurbuz Busra Tugce
- Haimerl Caroline
- Harrod Jordan B.
- Hyafil Alexandre
- Irani Martin
- Jacobson Daniel
- Johnson Michelle
- Jones Ilenna Simone
- Karni Gili
- Kass Robert E.
- Kim Hyosub Edward
- Kist Andreas M.
- Koene Randal
- Kording Konrad
- Krause Matthew R.
- Kumar Arvind
- Kühn Norma K.
- Laporte Matthew L.
- LC Ray
- Lee Junseok
- Li Songting
- Lin Sikun
- Lin Yang
- Liu Shuze
- Liu Tony
- Livezey Jesse A.
- Lu Linlin
- Macke Jakob H.
- Mahaffy Kelly
- Martins A. Lucas
- Martorell Nicolás
- Martínez Manolo
- Mattar Marcelo G.
- Menendez Jorge Aurelio
- Miller Kenneth D.
- Mineault Patrick J.
- Mohammadi Nosratullah
- Mohsenzadeh Yalda
- Morgenroth Elenor
- Morshedzadeh Taha
- Mosberger Alice Claudia
- Muliya Madhuvanthi
- Mur Marieke
- Murray John D.
- Naud Richard
- Nayak Prakriti
- ND Yashas
- Oak Anushka
- Orouji Seyedmehdi
- Otero-Millan Jorge
- Pachitariu Marius
- Pandey Biraj
- Paredes Renato
- Parent Jesse
- Park Il Memming
- Peters Megan A. K.
- Pitkow Xaq
- Poirazi Panayiota
- Popal Haroon
- Prabhakaran Sandhya
- Qiu Tian
- Ragunathan Srinidhi
- Rodriguez-Cruces Raul
- Rolnick David
- Sahoo Ashish Kumar
- Salehinajafabadi Saeed
- Savin Cristina
- Saxena Shreya
- Schrater Paul
- Schroeder Karen
- Schwarze Alice C.
- Sedigh-Sarvestani Madineh
- Sekhar K. Yuvaraj
- Shadmehr Reza
- Shanechi Maryam M.
- Sharma Siddhant
- Shea-Brown Eric
- Shenoy Krishna V.
- Shimabukuro Carolina L.
- Shuvaev Sergey
- Sin Man Ching Alison
- Smith Maurice
- Steinmetz Nicholas A.
- Stosio Karolina
- Straley Elizabeth
- Strandquist Gabrielle
- Stringer Carsen
- Tomar Rimjhim
- Tran Ngoc
- Triantafillou Sofia
- Udeigwe Lawrence
- Uquillas Federico d’Oleire
- Valeriani Davide
- Valton Vincent
- van Viegen Tara
- Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam
- Vincent Peter
- Vishne Gal
- Wallisch Pascal
- Wang Peiyuan
- Ward Claire
- Waskom Michael
- Wei Kunlin
- Wu Anqi
- Wu Zhengwei
- Wyble Brad
- Zhang Lei
- Zysman Daniel
- Publication venue
- Technological University Dublin
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa.
- Author
- Aanniz Tarik
- Abdelmoula Fatma
- Abe Haruka
- Abid Nabil
- Abouelhoda Mohamed
- Adeola Fowotade
- Adeyemi Kayode T
- Agoti Charles N
- Agwa Sara HA
- Ahmed Shymaa S
- Ajayi Nnennaya A
- Ajili Faida
- Akoua-Koffi Chantal G
- Allam Mushal
- Amoako Daniel G
- Ampofo William K
- Amuri Adrienne A
- Amuzu Dominic SY
- Andeko Julia C
- Andriamandimby Soafy
- Anise Happi
- Anoh Etilé A
- Anyaneji Ugochukwu J
- Aouni Mahjoub
- Arnaldo Paulo
- Aryeetey Sherihane
- Awandare Gordon A
- Ayed Ikhlas B
- Ayekaba Mitoha O
- Ayivor-Djanie Reuben
- Baker David
- Bassirou Diarra
- Bediako Yaw
- Behillil Sylvie
- Belarbi Essia
- Belyamani Lahcen
- Ben Boubaker Ilhem Boutiba
- Bester Phillip A
- Bhiman Jinal N
- Bolajoko Bankole
- Bouzid Feriel
- Bridges Daniel J
- Brook Cara
- Budiaki Sylvie L
- Bugembe Daniel L
- Butera Yvan
- Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien
- Carr Rosina AA
- Chikwe Ihekweazu
- Chinedu Ugwu
- Choga Wonderful T
- Chtourou Amel
- Chukwuma Omoruyi E
- Combe Patrice
- Cotten Matthew
- Cuadros Diego
- Cyril Oshomah
- Damaris Matoke-Muhia
- Daubenberger Claudia
- de Laurent Zaydah R
- de Oliveira Tulio
- Derrar Fawzi
- Dhaala Beatrice
- Dia Ndongo
- Diagne Moussa M
- Diallo Amadou
- Diop Mamadou
- Doolabh Deelan
- Doumbia Seydou
- Dratibi Fred A
- Duedu Kwabena O
- Dussart Philippe
- Edwards Johnathan A
- El Fahime Elmostafa
- El Hefnawi Mahmoud
- El Kabbaj Saâd
- Elargoubi Aida
- Elgahzaly Hesham A
- Elhamoumi Siham
- Engelbrecht Susan
- Enoch Fakayode O
- Enouf Vincent
- Farah Jouali
- Faye Ousmane
- Femi Ayoade
- Femi Oladiji
- Fki-Berrajah Lamia
- Fonseca Vagner
- Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer
- Gaaloul Imed
- Gargouri Saba
- Gaseitsiwe Simani
- Gazy Inbal
- George Akpede
- George Uwem
- Giandhari Jennifer
- Giovanetti Marta
- Githinji George
- Goedhals Dominique
- Gorman Richmond
- Gorova Vivianne
- Gumbo Hlanai
- Gumede Nicksy
- Gutierrez Ana V
- Gyamfi Jones
- Gyapong John O
- Hae-Young Kim
- Hammami Adnène
- Happi Christian
- Heraud Jean-Michel
- Herring Belinda L
- Hsiao Nei-Yuan
- Ibrahimi Azeddine
- Idowu Olawoye
- Iguosadolo Nosamiefan
- Iranzadeh Arash
- Ismael Nalia
- Ismail Arshad
- Jessica Uwanibe
- Judith Oguzie
- Kaleebu Pontiano
- Kammoun Sami
- Karray Hela H
- Kassim Samar
- Kay Gemma L
- Kayiwa John T
- Kazeem Akano
- Kebabonye Malebogo
- Keita Alpha K
- Kemi Adedotun-Sulaiman
- Khalifa Mohamed K
- Kharrat Najla
- Kiconco Jocelyn
- Kingsley Ojide C
- Kingsley Robert A
- Kleinhans Bronwyn
- Kone Amadou
- Konstantinus Iyaloo
- Kouriba Bourema
- Lambisia Arnold
- Lawal Salako B
- Le-Viet Thanh
- Leendertz Fabian
- Lekana-Douk Jean B
- Lekana-Douki Sonia
- Lemriss Hajar
- Lemriss Sanaâ
- Lessells Richard
- Li Jingjing
- Lokilo Emmanuel
- Lusamaki Eddy K
- Lutwama Julius J
- Mabunda Nedio
- Makangara Jean-Claude C
- Mandanda Sheila M
- Maphalala Gugu P
- Mareka Mathabo
- Martin Darren P
- Martins Leonardo de O
- Maruapula Dorcas
- Marycelin Baba
- Mashe Tapfumanei
- Masmoudi Saber
- Mastouri Maha
- Matsheka Maitshwarelo I
- Mbala Placide K
- Mbunsu Gabriel K
- Mburu Maureen W
- McInnis Bronwyn
- Mends Joana Q
- Metha Samar
- Mine Madisa
- Mohale Thabo
- Morang'a Collins M
- Morobe John M
- Mosha Fausta S
- Moyo Sikhulile
- Mpina Maximillian
- Mudau Innocent
- Mukantwari Enatha
- Mulder Nicola
- Mundeke Steve A
- Muyembe Francisca M
- Mwenda Mulenga
- Nabadda Susan
- Naidoo Yeshnee
- Nakaseegu Joweria
- Namulondo Joyce
- Nansumba Hellen
- Ndodo Nnaemeka
- Ngabana Edith N
- Ngoi Joyce M
- Njanpop-Lafourcade Berthe-Marie
- Njouom Richard
- Nkengasong John
- Nokes D James
- Nsenga Ngoy
- Nwando Mba
- Nyaga Martin M
- O'Grady Justin
- Oderinde Bamidele S
- Odia Ikponmwosa
- Ogah Onwe E
- Okolie Johnson C
- Olubusuyi Adewunmi M
- Oluniyi Paul E
- Oluwapelumi Adeyemi OO
- Omuoyo Donwilliams O
- Ondoa Pascale
- Ong'era Edidah M
- Onikepe Folarin
- Onwuamah Chika K
- Ouadghiri Mouna
- Ouangraoua Soumeya
- Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam
- Ouma Ahmed EO
- Owusu Michael
- Page Andrew J
- Panji Sumir
- Park Danny
- Paye Marietou
- Peter Okokhere
- Peyrefitte Christophe
- Phan My VT
- Phillips Richard O
- Philomena Eromon
- Pillay Sureshnee
- Pratt Catherine B
- Preiser Wolfgang
- Priscilla Abechi
- Prosolek Sophie
- Quashie Peter K
- Ramphal Upasana
- Ramuth Magalutcheemee
- Ranaivoson Hafaliana C
- Rasmussen David A
- Razanajatovo Norosoa H
- Rebai Ahmed
- Rosemary Audu
- Roshdy Wael H
- Rudder Steven
- Rujeni Nadine
- Saasa Ngonda
- Sabeti Pardis C
- Said Khadija M
- Sall Amadou A
- San James E
- Sangare Abdoul K
- Sankhe Safietou
- Sayed Ahmad
- Schaffner Stephen F
- Scheepers Cathrine
- Schindler Tobias
- Schubert Grit
- Seadawy Mohamed G
- Sekhele Mooko
- Semanda Patrick
- Sesay Abdul K
- Shaffer Jeffrey G
- Shumba Edwin
- Siddle Katherine
- Silochi Nelson B
- Simon-Loriere Etienne
- Simulundu Edgar
- Singh Lavanya
- Smeti Ibtihel
- Souissi Amal
- Ssemwanga Deogratius
- Ssewanyana Isaac
- Sylvanus Okogbenin
- Sylverken Augustina
- Takawira Faustinos T
- Tamfum Jean-Jacques M
- Tanser Frank
- Tebeje Yenew K
- Tegally Houriiyah
- Tegomoh Bryan
- Tessema Sofonias K
- Testimony Olumade
- Thilliez Gaetan
- Tomori Oyewale
- Tope Sobajo
- Touil Nadia
- Trabelsi Sameh
- Trotter Alexander J
- Tshiabuila Derek
- Tumedi Kefentse A
- Turki Manel
- Tyers Lynn
- van der Werf Sylvie
- van Zyl Gert
- Victoria Ajogbasile F
- Vinze Anika
- von Gottberg Anne
- Wasfi Fares
- Wiley Michael R
- Wilkinson Eduan
- Williamson Carolyn
- Yahaya Ali A
- Yasuda Jiro
- Youtchou Mirabeau T
- Zekri Abdel-Rahman N
- Publication venue
- 'American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)'
- Publication date
- 09/09/2021
- Field of study
The progression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Africa has so far been heterogeneous, and the full impact is not yet well understood. In this study, we describe the genomic epidemiology using a dataset of 8746 genomes from 33 African countries and two overseas territories. We show that the epidemics in most countries were initiated by importations predominantly from Europe, which diminished after the early introduction of international travel restrictions. As the pandemic progressed, ongoing transmission in many countries and increasing mobility led to the emergence and spread within the continent of many variants of concern and interest, such as B.1.351, B.1.525, A.23.1, and C.1.1. Although distorted by low sampling numbers and blind spots, the findings highlight that Africa must not be left behind in the global pandemic response, otherwise it could become a source for new variants
The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance
- Author
- Aanniz Tarek
- Abar Aden Elmi
- Abbad Anass
- Abdelfattah May
- Abdelhamid W.
- Abdella Saro
- Abdellah Faouzi
- Abdelmjid El Oualid
- Abdelmoula Fatma
- Abdelmoulah F.
- Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Abderrazak Rfaki
- Abdillahi Idil Salah
- Abdissa Alemseged
- Abdo I.
- Abdoelraheem Mohamed Hassan
- Abe Haruka
- Abebe Markos
- Abechi Priscilla
- Abera Adugna
- Abi Rachid
- Abias Abe G.
- Abichu Getachew
- Abid N.
- Abid Nabil
- Abid Salma
- Abilio Nuro
- Abimbola Sharon
- Abo Shama Noura M
- Abosede O.
- Aboubaker Mohamed Houmed
- Abouelhoda Mohamed
- Abouelnaga S.
- Abualas Elamin
- Abubeker Ramalia Chabi
- Abuelenein Ehab Abdelkader
- Abuzaid Nadir
- Abworo Edward O.
- Ada Diosdado Odjama Nseng
- Addidle Michael
- Adegbola Richard
- Adegnika Akim A.
- Adegnika Ayola Akim
- Adel Abd Monaem
- Adeniji Johnson A.
- Adepetun Tomiwa
- Adesegun A.
- Adesuyi Omoare
- Adetifa Ifedayo M. O.
- Adewumi Olubusuyi M.
- Adewumi Oluwatimilehin
- Adewumi Praise
- Adeyemi Kayode T.
- Adhikari Bishwo N.
- Adil El Hamouchi
- Adjiratou Aissatou B. A.
- Adnew Bethlehem
- Adu Bright
- Adu Eric
- Adusei-Poku Mildred
- Agbenyo Seyram Bless
- Agbodzi B.
- Ageez A.M.
- Agoti Charles N.
- Aguenaou Hassan
- Agwa Sara Hassan
- Agweyu Ambrose
- Ahmed El Bara
- Ahmed Elhadi A.
- Ahmed Hatem
- Ahmed M.
- Ahmed O. S.
- Ahmed Rahma
- Ahmed Shymaa S.
- Ahmed Side Mohamed
- Ahmed Yahaya Ali
- Ahouidi Ambroise
- Ahuka-Mundeke Steve
- Ahumibe Anthony
- Ahyong Vida
- Aissam El Aliani
- Ajayi Nnennaya A.
- Ajibaye Solomon
- Ajili F.
- Ajogbasile F.V.
- Ajogbasile Fehintola V.
- Akanbi Olusola Anuoluwapo
- Akenji Blaise MBoringong
- Akhoud Youssef
- Akinola Monilade
- Akogbeto Petas
- Akoua-Koffi Chantal G.
- Akpede George O.
- Al Onifade Fattah
- Alain Etoundi Mballa
- Alaoui Afaf
- Alaoui-Amine Sanaa
- Alarif Ahlam
- Alaruusi A. M.
- Albert Mélanie
- AlEmam Adba Alfatih
- Alemayehu Dawit Hailu
- Alemu Fekadu
- Algheriani Raiva
- Ali Abraham
- Ali M.A.
- Ali Mohamed Ahmed
- Ali Mushal
- Ali Wael
- Alkarim Mona O.A.
- Allam Loubna
- Allam Mushal
- Allam Mushal
- Altamura Settimia
- Amar Narjis
- Amenga-Etego Lucas N.
- Amer K. E.
- Amer Khaled
- Amira Souissi
- Amoako Daniel G.
- Amoo Olufemi Samuel
- Amoth Patrick
- Amougou Marie
- Ampofo William K.
- Amuri Adrienne A.
- Amuzu Dominic S. Y.
- Amzazi Saaïd
- Anang Abraham Kwabena
- Anas Abbad
- Andeko Julia C.
- Andersen Kristian
- Andersson Hana Sofia
- Andika Brian
- Andres Moreira-Soto
- Andriam Soa Fy
- Andriamandimby Soa Fy
- Anga Latifa
- Ange Dossou
- Angelov Angel
- Anna-Lena Sander
- Annajr B.
- Anoh Etilé A.
- Anscombe Catherine
- Antwerpen Markus H.
- Anu Campbell
- Anyaneji Ugochukwu J.
- Anyika Chinyere
- Aouni M.
- Appiah Vincent
- Appiah-Kubi Joyce
- Arena Fabio
- Arjaquah Augustina
- Arjarquah A.
- Armand Edang-Minko
- Armanious Riad Mounir
- Armoo Samuel
- Arnaldo Paulo
- Arnold Catherine E.
- Arrouchi Housna
- Artesi Maria
- Aryeetey Sherihane
- Asamoah Jesse Addo
- Asante Ivy A.
- Asare K.M.
- Ashton Philip
- Ashton Phillip
- Asiedu Ernest
- Asiedu-Bekoe Franklyn Egbe
- Asiimwe Stephen
- Askander Omar
- Asmamaw Kominist
- Assane Hamadi
- Assoumou Samira Zoa
- Atiga N.
- Attiku Keren Okyerebea
- Audu Rosemary A.
- Auld A.
- Awandare Gordon A.
- Awinda George
- Awunyo Sena
- Ayansola Oyeronke
- Ayei James
- Ayekaba Mitoha Ondo’o
- Ayivor-Djanie Reuben
- Aymane Bouzidi
- Ayo-Ale B.
- Ayoade F.
- Ayoola Joy
- Ayouba Ahidjo
- Aziz Ramy Karam
- Aziza Amuri
- Azman Andrew
- Aïssi Melchior A. Joël
- Ba-Diallo Awa
- Babatunde Sunday
- Baboo S. B.
- Badjo Ange
- Badou Yvette
- Bagaya Bernard Ssentalo
- Bah Mamadou Saliou
- Bahadoor B. S.
- Bahnassy A.A.
- Bajjou Tahar
- Baker David
- Baker Noah
- Bakhash Shah Mohamed
- Bakry U.
- Balde Aladje
- Balde Aladje
- Balm Michelle
- Bamourou Diané
- Banda R.
- Bane S.
- Barasa Edwine
- Barbet Marion
- Bareng Ontlametse T.
- Barilar Ivan
- Barkat Amina
- Barnes Kayla
- Barreh Guedi Ali
- Bashein Abdulla
- Bassène Hubert
- Batchi-Bouyou Armel L.
- Batchi-Bouyou Armel L.
- Bates Matthew
- Batra Dhwani
- Batra R.
- Bauer Peter
- Baxter Cheryl
- Bayih Abebe Genetu
- Bbosa Nicholas
- Bedford Trevor
- Bediako Yaw
- Bedié
- Bedri Shahinaz.A.
- Behillil Sylvie
- Bejon Philip
- Belarbi Essia
- Belfquih Bouchra
- Belkhir A.B.
- Bellefquih Abdelkrim Meziane
- Beloufa Mohamed Amine
- Belournou Grace Angong
- Ben Alaya Nissaf
- Ben Ayed I.
- Ben Boubaker Ilhem Boutiba
- Ben Boubaker Ilhem Boutiba
- Ben Kahla Alia
- Ben Khelil Jalila
- Ben Moussa Mohamed
- Ben Othman Roua
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Ben Sassi Manel
- Ben Sassi Mouna
- Benaissa Elmostafa
- Benhida Rachid
- Benkeroum Samira
- Benkirane Hasnae
- Bennett Andrew J.
- Benrahma Houda
- Bensaid M.
- Bensalem Aicha
- Benyahia Amel
- Bestehorn-Willmann Malena S.
- Bester Phillip A.
- Beyene Getachew Tesfaye
- Bhiman Jinal N.
- Bighignoli B.
- Bikangui Rodrigue
- Bimouhen Abderrahmane
- Bingono Sam O'neilla Oye
- Biscornet Leon
- Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A.
- Bitew Molalegne
- Bitrou S.M.
- Bizard Méline
- Bióté Simão Tchuda
- Blackmore Timothy
- Blakiston Matt
- Bloomfield Max
- Bnouyahia Ikram
- Boatemaa Linda
- Bolajoko Bankole
- Bonney Evelyn Y.
- Bonney Joseph H. K.
- Bonney Kofi
- Bontems Sébastien
- Bootsma Sacha
- Borrmann Steffen
- Boter Marjan
- Boujemla Bouchra
- Bours Vincent
- Boussoukou Ismael Pierrick Mikelet
- Bouzid Amal
- Bouzid Jawad
- Bracchitta Fiorenza
- Brechar Ludivine
- Bridges Daniel J.
- Briese Thomas
- Brisebarre Angela
- Brook Cara
- Bssaibis Fatna
- Budiaki Sylvie L.
- BUHARI Mikhail Olayinka
- Bulimo Wallace D
- Bunga Sudhir
- Butel Christelle
- Butera Yvan
- Bwogi Josephine
- Camara Alimou
- Camara Makhtar
- Campbell Allan
- Campbell Julian
- Cancino Irving
- Candé Adul
- Capel Camille
- Carey Omondi Francis
- Carniel Elisabeth
- Carr Rosina A. A.
- Carri Valeria Delli
- Carvalho Kevin S.
- Cassama Faatu
- Cedola Donatella
- Cer Regina Z.
- Chabert-Consen Marie Madeleine
- Chabuka L. B.
- Chabuka Lucious
- Chambaro H.
- Chammam Sara
- Chamman Sarra
- Chanda D.
- Changula K.
- Charlene Sonal P.
- Chawech H.
- Chenaoui Mohamed
- Chenwi Collins
- Chestakova Irina
- Chgouri Fatima
- Chilufya C.
- Chilufya Moses
- Chimedza Jasper
- Chinedu Ugwu
- Chipimo P.J.
- Chitanga S.
- Chitechi Esther
- Chitenje M.
- Chiwaula M. J.
- Choga Wonderful T.
- Chouati Taha
- Chouikha Anissa
- Christoffels Alan
- Chtourou A.
- Chukwu Chimaobi
- Chukwu G.
- Cigolo Jean-Claude Makangara
- Cisse Barada
- Clarisse Murebwayire
- Colson Philippe
- Comas Iñaki
- Combe Patrice
- Corman Victor Max
- Cortes Carlos
- Cotten Matthew
- Crawford M.
- Crespin Xavier
- Cá Milanca Agostinho
- D'Amore N.
- D'Aprile Annamaria
- Dadi Hailu
- Daghfous Riadh
- Dagnran Anoumou
- Dakka Hanae
- Dal Monego Simeone
- Damaris Matoke-Muhia
- Damena D.
- Damilari Dabiri
- Daniels Rodney S.
- Dao Sounkalo
- Daou Amadou
- Dara Antoine
- Daubenberger Claudia
- David Kumbelembe
- Davids Micheala
- Davies Mary-Ann
- Dawood R.M.
- Dawood Reham
- de Laurent Zaydah R.
- de Ligt Joep
- De Nittis Rosella
- de Oliveira Filho Edmilson F.
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Oliveira Tulio
- De Sanctis R.
- de Silva Thushan I
- DeAlmeida Mary
- Debela Alemu Tike
- Delaney Kayla
- Delaporte Eric
- Delerce Jeremy
- Dellagi Koussay
- Deng Guohong
- Deng Lul Lojok
- DeRisi Joseph L.
- Derrar Fawzi
- Descheemaeker Patrick
- Deschenes Michael V.
- Desta Adey Feleke
- Detweiler Angela M.
- Devatchagni Syntyche
- Devaux Christian A.
- Dhaala Beatrice
- Dia Aminata
- Dia Ndongo
- Dia Yacine Amet
- Diab A.
- Diagne Diabou
- Diagne Moussa M.
- Diakite Mandiou
- Diallo Amadou
- Diallo Haby
- Diallo Penda Malhado
- Diallo Sada
- Diarra B.
- Diarra Bassirou
- Diaw Papa Alassane
- Diawara Idrissa
- Dieng Alle Baba
- Dieng Assane
- Diergaardt Azaria
- Diop Mamadou
- Diop Oumy
- Djimde Abdoulaye
- Djingarey Mamoudou Harouna
- Djomsi Dowbiss Meta
- Djontu Jean Claude
- Dobi Paul
- Donati Flora
- Dorkenoo Ameyo
- Doudou Fetouma
- Douffan Messanh
- Doumbia Seydou
- Draper C.
- Dratibi Fred A.
- Drinkovic Dragana
- Drosten Christian
- Duedu Kwabena O.
- Durkin Keith
- Dussart Philippe
- Dussart Philippe
- Dürr Kouriba
- Ebied Fatma
- Ebong Ofonime
- Eckstein Simone
- Edu Emame
- Eggan Stephen M.
- Egli Adrian
- Egoh Ifunanya
- Egyir B.
- Ehlan Amivi
- El Amin Ghizlane
- El ansari Fatima Zahra
- El Atar Jalil
- El Fahime Elmostafa
- El Falaki Fatima
- El Guindy Nancy M.
- El Hady Yassine
- El Jaoudi Rachid
- El Jebari Hanen
- El Mazouri Safae
- El Mrimar Nadia
- El Sayes Mohamed
- El-Duah Philip
- El-Shaqnqery H.
- El-Shesheny Rabeh
- El-Taweel Ahmed
- El-Zayat M.
- Elahmer Omar
- Elalaoui Mly Abdelaziz
- Elannaz Hicham
- Elarab Hoda Ezz
- Elargoubi A.
- Elfihri Mohammed Walid Chemao
- Elgahzaly Hesham
- Elgohary Mohamed Abdel-Salam
- Elguindy Nancy
- Elhadidi Mohamed
- Elhag Khabab A.
- Elhamoumi Siham
- ElHefnawi Mahmoud
- Elhoseiny Mostfa
- Elhoseny M.M.
- Elhosieny F.W.
- Elisabeth Carniel
- Elkhateeb S.M.
- Elkochri Safae
- Ella Kevine Zang
- Ellis Sean
- ElMoussi Awatef
- Elnakib Mostfa
- Eloualid Mjid
- Elouanass M.
- Elouennass Mostafa
- Elroby Ola
- Elsaid Manal Hamdy
- Elsawy Laila
- Elsayed Ahmed
- Elshora Hagar
- Elsissy M.H.
- Elvy Juliet
- Elzagheid Adam I.
- Embaló Bubacar Delgado Pinto
- Emna Gaies
- Emokpae Uyi
- Enatha Mukantwari
- Endjala Nathalia
- Engelbrecht Susan
- Ennibi H.
- Enouf Vincent
- Erameh Cyril
- Erhart Annette
- Eshun Miriam
- Essabbar Abdelomunim
- Essabbar Mouneem
- Essayagh Touria
- Essomba René G.
- Essone Paulin N.
- Estrella Luis A.
- Everatt Josie
- Exler Jan Felix
- Ezzelarab M.H.
- Fadeyi Abayomi
- Fageer Sameira M.
- Fageer Samira M.
- Faggioni G.
- Fahsbender E.
- Fainguem Ndine
- Faisal Muhammad
- Fakayode Oluwatosin
- Fakhfakh Ahmed
- Fall Mbengué
- Faouzi Abdellah
- Faouzia Zemmouri
- Farawyla H.
- Fares Wasfi
- Farghaly Ayman
- Faye Martin
- Faye Ousmane
- Feasey Nicholas
- Fedorov A.V.
- Fekkak Jamal
- Femi Ayoade
- Femi Oladiji
- Femi Saibu
- Fenollar Florence
- Ferjani Asma
- Ferjani Sana
- Fidelia Hinson
- Fikry A.E.
- Fillo S.
- Fki-berrajah L.
- Fki-Berrajah Lamia
- Foda Iman
- Fokam Joseph
- Folarino O.
- Folorunsho Francine
- Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer
- Foudi Martin Maidadi
- Foulkes Benjamin H.
- Fournier Pierre-Edouard
- Fowora Muinah Adenike
- Fowotade Adeola
- Francisco Ngiambudulu M.
- Frans Ndahafa
- Fred Tei-Maya
- Freed Nikki
- Freeman Josh
- Freitas R. H.
- Frempong Hilda Opoku
- Fuh-Neba T.
- Fwoloshi Somda Soro Georgina
- Gaaloul I.
- Gad Ahmed F.
- Gadzama Galadima
- Gaies Emna
- Galal
- Galiwango Ronald M.
- Galvao Bruna
- Garcia Guillermo
- Gardoul Mouhcine
- Gargouri S.
- Gargouri Saba
- Garry R.
- Garus-Oas Nathalia
- Gaseitsiwe Simani
- Gatare Swaibu
- Gaye-Gaye Astou
- Gdoura Mariem
- Gedeon Jude
- Gelanew Tesfaye
- George Uwem E.
- Gerard Izuwayo
- GeurtsvanKessel Corine H.
- Gevao Sahr
- Gharmaz Hamza
- Ghassan Adib
- Ghedira Kais
- Ghita Amalou
- Ghoulame Safae
- Giandhari Jennifer
- Gideon Nsubuga
- Giordani F.
- Girgis Samia Abdou
- Gismondo Maria Rita
- Githii Rachid
- Githinji George
- Gnimadi Thibaut Armel Cherif
- Goba Augustine
- Godwe Celestin
- Goedhals Dominique
- Goldstone R.
- Gomaa C.
- Gomaa Mokhtar
- Goodfellow Ian
- Goredema Alexander
- Gorman Richmond
- Gorova Vivianne
- Gosnell B. I.
- Gottberg A.
- Gouider Riadh
- Grace Chukwa
- Grad Alia
- Grant Donald S.
- Grantz Kyra
- Grayo Solène
- Greninger Alexander
- Guedouar Houssem
- Gueye Abdou Salam
- Gueye Khadim
- Gueye Ousseynou
- Guindo Ibrahima
- Gumbo Hlanai
- Gumede Nicksy
- Guseva N. P.
- Gutema Gadissa
- Gutierrez Ana V.
- Gwayi S.
- Gyamfi Jones
- Gyapong John O.
- Hachid Aissam
- Hadad A.
- Haddad Sonia V.
- Hafez Hala
- Hafez M.M.
- Hailu Getnet
- Halafawy A.
- Halatoko Jacqueline Wemboo Afiwa
- Halilou Ibrahima
- Hamdani T.N.
- Hamdy M.S.
- Hammad M.
- Hammami A.
- Hammer David
- Hamza Ghamaz
- Hamzaoui Zaineb
- Handrick Susann
- Happi Anise N.
- Happi Christian
- Harding Doris
- Harvey R.
- Hassan Iman Abdillahi
- Hassan R.
- Hassan W.
- Hassany Mohamed
- Hawi Adede
- Hayette Marie-Pierre
- Heikel Jaafar
- Hellemans Jorn
- Helmy Sherine
- Hemlali Mouhssine
- Henson Sondes
- Heraud Jean-Michel
- Herring Belinda L.
- Hicham Charoute
- Hicham Elannaz
- Hihi Nardjes
- Hilali Abderraouf
- Hilali Farida
- Holland LaRinda A.
- Hoornaert Laurien
- Hope Virginia
- Hosch Salome
- Houda Harmak
- Houechenou Rotimi Myrabelle Avome
- Houhamdi Linda
- Hounkanrin Gildas
- Hounkpatin Benjamin
- Howard Julia
- Hsiao Marvin
- Hsiao Nei-yuan
- Hsu Sharon
- Huang Meei-Li
- Huddleston John
- Hultquist Judd F.
- Hussein Salah Eldin
- Ian Lipkin W.
- Ibrahim Muntaser elTayeb
- Ibrahim Samira F.
- Ibrahim Tomade A.M.
- Ige F.A.
- Iguosadolo Nosamiefan
- Ihazmad Hassan
- Ihekweazu Chikwe
- Iknane A.A.
- Imam Zeinab S.
- Inglês L.
- Inndi Rui
- Intyre Leigh-Anne MC
- Iranzadeh Arash
- Ismael Nalia
- Ismail A.
- Ismail Arshad
- Isong Josiah Ayoola
- Issa Zoukaneirii
- Iwalokun Bamidele
- Iyanu Fred-Akintunwa
- Jain Komal
- Jalal D.
- Jalal Nourlil
- Jalloh Simbirie
- Jamal Fekkak
- Jambo Kondwani
- James Ayorinde Babatunde
- Jannoo N.
- Jefferies Sarah
- Jegede-Williams Anu
- Jelly Lauren
- Jerome Keith R
- Jimoh Yusuf
- Jiménez-Serrano Santiago
- Jo Wendy Karen
- JOEL Ireoluwa Yinka
- Johane Shirley
- Johnson Adeniji A.
- Johnson Bankole
- Joloba Moses
- Joseph Rageema
- Jouali Farah
- Jumaa A.B.
- Juru Agnes
- Kabamba Gabriel
- Kabanda Alice
- Kabatesi Francisca
- Kabbaj Hakima
- Kaboré Firmin
- Kacem Imen
- Kadjo Herve Albéric Adje
- Kagnissode Sidonie A.M.
- Kagoné Thérèse
- Kakai Clement G.
- Kalantar K.
- Kaleebu Pontiano
- Kamal Mohamed
- Kamara Santigie
- Kamel Mina
- Kamga Rodrigue
- Kamoun S.
- Kamulegeya Rogers
- Kandaswamy Krishna Kumar
- Kandeil Ahmed
- Kandeil Ahmed
- Kane Mouhamed
- Kane Ndéye Coumba Touré
- Kanjau Lilian
- Kanjerwa Oscar
- Kanteh Abdoulie
- Kanyerezi Stephen
- Kapata Nathan
- Kapata P.C.
- Kapaya F.
- Kapin'a M.
- Karidioula Safiatou
- Karim Wasim Abdul
- Karray Hakim H.
- Karray Hela
- Kartti Souad
- Kasambara W.
- Kasmy Zohour
- Kassab Reham
- Kassim Samar Kamal
- Katabazi Ashaba Fred
- Katagirya Eric
- Kateete David Patrick
- Katyshev A.D.
- Kavunga-Membo Hugo
- Kay Gemma L.
- Kayali Ghazi
- Kayed Ahmed E
- Kayeyi N.
- Kayiwa John T.
- Kayuki Charles
- Kazeem Akano
- Kazorina E.V.
- Kebabonye Malebogo
- Keita Alpha K.
- Keita Mamadou Bhoye
- Keita S.
- Keita Sakoba
- Kemi Adedotun-Sulaiman
- Kepler Lenora M.
- Kezakarayagwa Eric
- Khaireh Bouh Abdi
- Khalid Ennibi
- Khalifa Mohamed K.
- Khamadi Samoel Ashimosi
- Khan Adam K.
- Kharat N.
- Khardine Fayez
- Khardine Fayez Ahmed
- Kharrat Maher
- Khumalo Z.
- Kibet Gilbert
- Kiconco Jocelyn
- Kidane Eleni
- Kiemdé Franklin
- Kifude Carol
- Kigozi Edgar
- Kiiza Ronald
- Kim L.
- Kimita Gathii
- Kimotho J.
- Kingsley Ojide C.
- Kingsley Robert A.
- Kirimunda Samuel
- Kiritu Edward
- Kleinhans Bronwyn
- Kohoun Rodrigue K.
- Koita Demba
- Koivogui Joel
- Koka Hellen
- Kolomoets E.V.
- Kone Amadou
- Konou Abla A.
- Konstantinus Iyaloo S.
- Koné Amariane
- Koné Amariane M. M.
- Kooepile Legodile
- Koopmans Marion
- Koskei Edith
- Kossi Komlan
- Kotey Erasmus
- Kouriba Bourema
- Kourouma Kaba
- Kpeli Grace S.
- Krasnov Y.M.
- Krasnov Ya.M.
- Kritsky A.A.
- Kujabi Mariama
- Kumordjie Selassie
- Kutkat Omnia
- Kutyrev V.V.
- Kwasah Lorreta
- Kwenda S.
- Kyei George B.
- Laamarti Meriem
- Laamrti Rokaia
- Laatiris Abdelkader
- Ladhari Hafsia
- Lagare Adamou
- Laguda-Akingba Oluwakemi
- Lahlou Amine Idriss
- Lahlou Idriss-Amine
- Lahlou Kitane Driss
- Lako Richard Lino Loro
- Lalemi Mary
- Lambisia Arnold W.
- Lamboni Lallepak
- Lamiae Belayachi
- Langat Sombo
- Laraqui Abdelilah
- Laryea Dennis
- Latif Elwaleed M. Elamin Sara A.I
- Latifa Anga
- Layibo Yasser
- Le Viet Thanh
- Le-Viet Thanh
- Lee Justin
- Lee Kwok
- Leendertz Fabian
- Lefrançois Louise
- Lekana-Douki Bernard
- Lekana-Douki Sonia
- Lell Bertrand
- Lelo Eric A.
- Lemoine Frederick
- Lemtudo Alan
- Lesego Kuate-lere
- Lesetedi Onalethata
- Lessells Richard
- Lessler Justin
- Leta D.
- Leta Dereje
- Letaief A.
- Levasseur Anthony
- Leye Nafisatou
- Li Zhenghui
- Liberator Paul
- Liboro G.
- Licastro Danilo
- Lieu Vivi Hue-Trang
- Lim Efrem S.
- Lima Mendonça Maria da Luz
- Limbaso Samson Konongoi
- Lin L.
- Lin Michelle
- Lindsey Benjamiin B.
- Linh Le Thi Kieu
- Lipsi Maria Rosaria
- Lissauer Sam
- Lissom Abel
- Lista F.
- Livo Esemu
- Liwewe M.M.
- Liyai Rehema
- Lo Gora
- Lo Mamadou Beye Cheikh Ibrahima
- Lockman Shahin
- Lodiongo Dennis Kenyi
- Lojuan Abe
- Lokilo Emmanuel
- Long Kyle A.
- Lontchi Roméo Aimé Laclong
- Lorenzo-Redondo Ramy
- Loucoubar Cheikh
- Lule Daniel B.
- Lumembe Raphael
- Luo Hu
- Luquette Andrea E.
- Lusamaki Eddy K.
- Lutalo Tom
- Lutucuta Silvia
- Lutwama Julius J.
- Luutu Moses
- M'cormack Violette V.
- Maaroufi Anderrahmane
- Maatoug Taha
- Mabika Diane A.
- Mabunda Nedio
- Mabunda Nédio
- MaCauley Jane
- Macheke Kutlo
- Mad W.
- Madeira Carla
- Madi W.Y.
- Madisa Tumisang
- Maeka Kenneth K.
- Maes Piet
- Magalhães Erica Luis Maria
- Magdeldin S.
- Magnussen Vanessa
- Maharaj Arisha
- Mahlakwane Kamela
- Mahlangu B.
- Mahmoud Galal
- Mahmoud Sara
- Mahrous N.
- Maida A.
- Maidane Yakob Gebregziabher
- Maiga Almoustapha I.
- Maiga Mamoudou
- Maiga Zimmerman
- Majanja Janet
- Makamure Beuty
- Makangara Jean-Claude C.
- Makhema Joseph
- Makiala-Mandanda Sheila
- Makki Yousif Rabih
- Makori T.
- Malabat Christophe
- Malagon François
- Malaka Christian N.
- Malama K.
- Malolo I.
- Maloum Moustapha Nzamba
- Maluzi Kwitaka
- Maman Issaka
- Manangazira Portia
- Mancon Alessandro
- Mandomando Inacio
- Manene Bulelani
- Manga Pasacaline
- Manickchund N.
- Manneh Jarra
- Manneh Paulina Joãozinho da Costa Jarra
- Manouana Gédéon Prince
- Manraj S. S.
- Mansell Chris
- Mansour Osama
- Mansour T.
- Manuel Eusebio
- Mapanguy Chastel M.
- Maphalala Gugu P.
- Maponga Tongai G.
- Maqsood Rachel
- Marais Gert
- Marcello Alessandro
- Mareka Mathabo
- Margaglione Maurizio
- Mari Alfredo
- Maria da Costa Edmira
- Marie Claire Okomo Assoumou
- Marion Amujal
- Maritz Jean
- Marks Michael
- Marondera Blessing T.
- Marti-Carerras Joan
- Martin Darren P.
- Maruapula Dorcas
- Marx Jacques
- Marycelin Baba
- Masahiro K.
- Masakwe Clement
- Masete Godfrey
- Mashe Tapfumanei
- Masmoudi Saber
- Massinga Arsenia
- Mastouri Maha
- Mathabo M.
- Mathieu Hota
- Mathur H.
- Matobo Mooko Marethabile
- Matshaba Mogomotsi
- Matsheka Maitshwarelo I.
- Maufrais Corinne
- Mavingui Patrick
- Mayaphi Sim
- Mayor Alfredo
- Maïté Soundélé
- Mba Nwando
- Mbala Placide K.
- Mbanne Maimouna
- Mbaye Aminata
- Mbegnan Coulibaly
- Mbembo Guy Paterne Malonga
- Mbhele Nokuzola
- Mbondoukwe Noé Patrick
- Mbongo-Nkama Elvyre
- Mboowa Gerald
- Mboup Aminata
- Mboup Souleymane
- Mbow Moustapha
- Mbulawa Mphaphi B.
- Mbunsu Gabriel K.
- Mburu Maureen W.
- McAuliffe Gary
- McInnis Bronwyn
- Mdini Imen
- Mdini Ines
- Mdlalose K.
- Mdlalose Nokukhanya
- Mechita Mohcine Bennani
- Mehta S.
- Melingui Sylvie
- Melloul Marouane
- Mendes Adriano
- Mentag Rahaman A.
- Meshack Wadegu
- Metha Samar
- Mettle Deborah N. A.
- Mewono Ludovic
- Meyer Philippe Lavrard
- Mhalla S.
- Mhalla Salma
- Mhlanga Gibson
- Mhuulu Lusia
- Micelli Loris
- Micheli Valeria
- Michuki George
- Mihret Adane
- Mihrete A.
- Mills Margaret
- Mine Madisa
- Miranda J.
- Mishra Mitali
- Mishra Nischay
- Misita Collins M.
- Mkada Imen
- Mmatshepho Phasha-Muchemenye
- Mnguni A.
- Mnyameni F.
- Moatasim Yawo A.
- Moeti Matshidiso
- Mogga Juma J. H.
- Mogotsi M.T.
- Mohale T.
- Mohale Thabo
- Mohamed Aya
- Mohamed Chenaoui
- Mohamed K.S.
- Mohamed Sahra Isse
- Mohammed Hajjaji
- Mohammed K.S.
- Mohammed Khadija Said
- Mohammed Oumaima Ait Si
- Mohammed Youbi
- Mohktar Quaneeta
- Mohr Vanessa
- Moir Monika
- Mokhtar Gomaa
- Molenkamp Richard
- Momoh M.
- Momoh Mambu
- Monemou Jean-louis
- Monte A.
- Monuir G.
- Monze M.
- Mooko M.
- Morais Joana
- Morales A.N.
- Morang’a Collins M.
- More Ayong
- Moreira-Soto Andres
- Morobe John M.
- Morpeth Susan
- Morton Ben
- Mosepele Mosepele
- Mostafa Ahmed
- Mostafa Ahmed
- Mostafa Khalid Ennibi
- Motshosi Patience
- Mouad Merabet
- Mouallif Mustapha
- Mouangala Davy Leger
- Mouhssine Hemlali
- Mouity Matoumba A.
- Moussa Ben
- Moustafa Shimaa
- Moyo Sikhulile
- Mpairwe Bernard
- Mphoyakgosi Thongbotho
- Mpina Maximillian G.
- Mtshali P.
- Mubemba B.
- Mubichi Ravena
- Mudau Innocent
- Mufinda M.
- Mugabe Muchaneta
- Mugisha Joseph
- Muhammad Iluoreh Ahmed
- Mukadi-Bamuleka Daniel
- Mukantwari Enatha
- Mukhtar Maowia M.
- Mukonka Victor
- Mulenga Lloyd
- Muleya W.
- Muli Collins
- Mulonga Kangwa
- Mulu Andargachew
- Munger Emmanuelle
- Munnink Bas Oude
- Mupeta F.
- Murunga Nickson
- Murwira Barbra
- Musa Abdualmoniem O.
- Musonda Kunda G.
- Musyoki Jennifer
- Mutai Beth
- Mutangana Dieudonne
- Mutesa Léon
- Muthanje Eric
- Mutisya James
- Muttaiyah Sharmini
- Mutungi Joe
- Mutungi Joe K.
- Muuo S.N.
- Muyembe Francisca M.
- Muyembe-Mawete Francisco
- Mveang-Nzoghe Amandine
- Mvula Bernard
- Mwangi Milkah
- Mwangi Sarah Wambui
- Mwangomba W.
- Mwebesa Henry
- Mwenda Mulenga
- Mwesigwa Savannah
- Mwikwabe Nicholas
- Mzumara T. E.
- N'dilimabaka N.
- Nabadda Susan
- Nabila Marchoudi
- Nabisubi Patricia
- Nabli A.
- Nadia Touil
- Nagel Michael
- Nagiub Amel
- Naguib A.
- Naguib Amal
- Naguib Amel
- Naidoo Yeshnee
- Naija Habiba
- Nakaseegu Joweria
- Nalubamba K. S.
- Namagembe Hamidah
- Namulondo Joyce
- Nansumba Hellen
- Nari Ramon
- Naryshkina E.A.
- Nasinghe Emmanuel
- Natasha Akwii Patience
- Nawfel Azami
- Ndack Ndiaye
- Ndam N.T.
- Ndam Nicaise T.
- Ndaruhutse Jerome
- Ndeboko Bénédicte
- NDiaye Anna Julienne Selbe
- Ndiaye Birahim Piere
- Ndiaye Halimatou Diop
- Ndiaye Ndack
- Ndiaye Yacine DIA Seni
- Ndiour Samba
- Ndjolo Alexis
- Ndodo Nnaemeka
- Ndong Angoune
- Ndongo Dia
- Ndongo Sola
- Nduka Nonso
- Ndure Sainabou Laye
- Nduwimana Cassien
- Ndwiga L.
- Neff N.
- Negash A.A.
- Negash Abel Abera
- Nejjari Chakib
- Nene Vishvanath
- Nepolo Emmanuel
- Neto Rodrigues Rosa Maria D. E. S. A.
- Neto Z.
- Newton Lwanga
- Newton Robert
- Nfor Rine Zeh
- Ngabana Edith N.
- Ngoi Joyce M.
- Ngole Eitel Mpoudi
- Ngomtcho Sen Claudine Henriette
- Ngonga Dikongo A.M.
- Ngosa W.
- Nguema Rodrigue Mintsa
- Niama Fabien Roch
- Niane Serigne Saliou
- Niatou-Singa F. S.
- Nicod J.
- Niemann Stefan
- Niemann Tanja
- Nieuwenhuijse David
- Niyibigira Jean B.
- Niyomwungere Alexis
- Njanpop-Lafourcade Berthe-Marie
- Njouom Richard
- Njuguna John
- Nkenfou Celine
- Nkengasong John
- Nkeshimana Anatole
- Nkeshimana Anatole
- Nkongho Frédéric
- Nkurunziza Jerome
- Nkurunziza Jerome
- Nkwembe Edith
- Nlavo Bonifacio Manguire
- Nnaemeka Ndodo
- Nokes David J.
- Noureddine Dersi
- Nourlil Jalal
- Nsanzimana Sabin
- Nthiga P
- Ntoumi Francine
- Ntuli N.
- Nwako Toy
- Nwuba Chiamaka
- Nyaga Martin M.
- Nyagupe Charles
- Nyakarungu Elizabeth
- Nyandwi Joseph
- Nyataya Josphat
- Nyepetsi Dineo Emang Tshiamo. Gape
- Nyunja Albert
- O'Grady Justin
- Obafemi Olufemi
- Obiekea Celestina
- Obong Abasi Ene
- Ochola Stephen
- Ochola-Oyier Lynette I.
- Ochwoto M.
- Oderinde Bamidele S.
- Odewale Ebenezer
- Odia Ikponmwosa
- Odoom John K.
- Odugbemi Moyinoluwa
- Ofori-Boadu L.
- Ofula Victor
- Ogah Onwe E.
- Ogunbayo Emmanuel
- Ogunsanya Olusola A.
- Oguntope Sobajo
- Oguzie Judith U.
- Ojo Olajumoke
- Ojok Lul Deng
- Okeyo Seth
- Okoi Catherine
- Okokhere Peter O.
- Okoli Leona
- Okolie Johnson C.
- Okomo Marie Claire
- Okwuraiwe Azuka Patrick
- Olabisi Olabisi
- Olawoye Idowu B.
- Olfert L.
- Oliver-Commey Joseph
- Olorunnimbe Subomi
- Olubayo Luicer
- Oludayo Ope-Ewe
- Oluniyi Paul E.
- Oluwapelumi Adeyemi O.
- Oluwasemowo Olukunke
- Omar S.
- Omilabu S.
- Omoruyi Chukwuma E.
- Omunakwe Hannah E.
- Omuoyo Donwilliams O.
- Omuseni Esther
- Ondo Georgelin Nguema
- Ondoa Pascale
- Ongera E.
- Ong’era Edidah M.
- Oni Grace
- Onikepe Folarin
- Onwuamah C.K.
- Onwuamah Chika K.
- Onywera Harris
- Opanda Silvanos Mukunzi
- Ope-Ewe O.
- Orsini Emanuele
- Osei-Wusu Israel
- Osiany Shebbar
- Osman Ikram Omar
- Oteng F.
- Otieno Edward
- Otuonye Ngozi Mirabel
- Ouadghiri Ouna
- Ouangole Garba
- Ouangraoua Soumeya
- Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam
- Ouedraogo Léopold
- Ouedraogo Saïdou
- Ouffoué Kra
- Ouma Ahmed E. O.
- Oumzil Hicham
- Ouro-Medeli Alassane
- Ousmane Faye
- Ouso Daniel
- Owaka Samwel
- Owusu Michael
- Owusu-Nyantakyi C.
- Oyefolu A.
- Oyola Samuel O.
- Ozer Egon A.
- O’Grady Justin
- Pacome Monemo
- Padane Abdou
- Padzys Guy Stéphane
- Page Andrew J.
- Paixão Paulo A. Carralero R.R.
- Pallerla Srinivas Reddy
- Palomba S.
- Pambou Mangombi
- Panja L.
- Park D.
- Park Danny
- Parker Mathew D.
- Pascal Butoyi
- Patel H.
- Patoo M.
- Patrizio Maria Pia
- Pattoo M.
- Pauthner Matthias
- Paye Marietou F.
- Pedro Afonso
- Peeters Martine
- Pentikainen Ndumbu
- Pereira A.
- Pereira Rei José
- Perez Hermes
- Permal Emmanuelle
- Peyrefitte Christophe
- Phan My V. T.
- Philip C.
- Phillips Richard O.
- Philomena Eromon
- Phiri Isaac
- Phiri Philip Wonder
- Pillay Sureshnee
- Pisanelli Daniela
- Playle Veronica
- Poda Armel
- Pool Brigitte
- Popoola
- Povogui Moriba
- Pratt Catherine B.
- Preiser Wolfgang
- Prince-David Mireille
- Prosolek Sophie
- Puente Manoli Torres
- Quansah E.B.
- Quansah Evelyn Bonney
- Quashie P.
- Quashie Peter Kojo
- Quedraogo Rabia
- Rachakonda Sivaramakrishna
- Rachid Benhida
- Rafai Clotaire Donatien
- Rafaï Clotaire D.
- Ragomzingba Frank E. Z.
- Raharinosy Vololoniaina
- Rahoui Jalila
- Raimond Petra
- Ramadan Dalia
- Ramaologa Sefetogi
- Ramphal Upasana
- Ramphal Yajna
- Ramuth Magalutcheemee
- Ranaivoson Christian
- Ranaivoson Hafaliana C.
- Randriambolamanantsoa Tsiry
- Raouf A.
- Raoult Didier
- Rasmussen David A.
- Razafimanjato Helisoa
- Razanajatovo Norosoa H.
- Rebai Ahmed
- Reggad Ahmed
- Regragui Zakia
- Rehn A.
- Ren Xiaoyun
- René Keke K.
- Reuben Sindayiheba
- Reynders Marijke
- Reynolds Steven J.
- Rhajaoui Mohamed
- Rick S.
- Rigby Jonathan
- Rizgalla Elham
- Rizzo Alberto
- Roberts Sally
- Rodrigues Nadia
- Rogers J.
- Rogers Matthew
- Rollo Tiziana
- Roloff Tim
- Roshdy W.H.
- Roshdy Wael H.
- Roychoudhury Pavitra
- Rubin Sarah
- Rudder Steven
- Rufael Tesfaye
- Ruhweza Simon Peter
- Rujeni Nadine
- Rumunu John
- Rutayisire Robert
- Saad M.A.
- Saasa Ngonda
- Sabeti Pardis C.
- Sadeuh-Mba Serge Alain
- Sadji
- Sadji Adodo
- Sadji Y.A.
- Safer Mouna
- Safietou Sankhe
- Sahr Dumbuya Foday
- Sahr P.F.
- Saibu J.O.
- Saiid S.
- Saiid Samirah
- Saizonou Raoul
- Sakho Moustapha
- Salah D.
- Salah Djimabi
- Salah H.
- Salako Babatunde L.
- Salama Abdullah
- Saleh A.A.
- Saleh M.
- Salifou Sourakatou
- Sall Amadou A.
- Sall Amadou Alpha
- Salma Loukman
- Salou M.
- Salou Mounerou
- Salu O.B.
- Samaté Dianke
- Sambou Masse
- Samir M.
- Samir O.
- San James E.
- Sanaa-amine Alaoui
- Sander Anna-Lena
- Sanders Kevin
- Sandi John D.
- Sangare Abdoul K.
- Sangaré Abdoul Karim
- Sangaré Lassana
- Sankhe Safietou
- Sankhe Safietou
- Sanyang Bakary
- Sathees Saraswathi
- Sathyendran Vani
- Savaliya Nitin
- Sawa H.
- Sawadogo Yacouba
- Sayed Ahmed
- Sayed Salma
- Sbabou Laila
- Schaffner Stephen F.
- Scharnberg Jasmin
- Scheepers Cathrine
- Schindler Tobias
- Schlotterbeck Jasmin
- Schneider Julia
- Schubert Grit
- Seadawy M.G.
- Seadawy Mohamed
- Seadawy Mohamed G.
- Seadawy Mohamed Gomaa
- Sedjro Eclou
- Seffar Myriam
- Sekhsokh Yassmin
- Selekon Benjamin
- Semanda Patrick
- Sena Awunyo
- Sene Pauline Yacine
- Serrano Laetitia
- Seru Kedumetse
- Sesay Abdul K.
- Seth-Smith Helena
- Seyoum Tamrayehu
- Shabaan Abd Elazeez
- Shaffer Jeffrey G.
- Shaibu Joseph Ojonugwa
- Shalaby L.
- Shama Abo
- Shamel Mohamed
- Shapiro Roger
- Shawky Shereen
- Shcherbakova S.A.
- Shehata Mahmoud
- Shemis Mohamed
- Sherwood Jill
- Shevtsova A.P.
- Shibemba Aaron L.
- Shiningavamwe Andreas
- Shipingana Loide
- Shobayo Bode
- Shoka Abd Moniem Ain
- Shrestha Lasata
- Shumba Edwin
- Si Huiqing
- Siawaya Joel Fleury Djoba
- Siddle Katherine J.
- Siedner Mark
- Siegfried Nandi
- Sigei Faith
- Sijuwola Ayotunde E.
- Sikkema Reina
- Silander Olin
- Siliadin Akoele
- Silochi Nelson Boricó
- Simbi Rajiha
- Simon-Loriere Etienne
- Simons Lacy M.
- Simulundu Edgar
- Singh Lavanya
- Sinyange N.
- Sisay Abay
- Sitharam Nikita
- Sitoe Nadia
- Sivro Aida
- Skarwan Emilio
- Skidmore Peter T.
- Smeti Ibtihel
- Smit Erasmus
- Smith-Lawrence Pamela
- Smyej Imane
- Soara Nabila
- Sobajo Tope
- Soglo Philip M.
- Sogodogo Heitzer
- Sogodogo Sokhna
- Sokei Judith
- Sokhna Cheikh
- Soliman Hany K.
- Soliman May Sherif
- Soliman Shaimaa
- Somboro Anou M.
- Somé Arsène
- Sonoo Janaki
- Sorie Foday Sahr Samuel
- Sorie Samuel
- Sosedova E.A.
- Souiri Amal
- Souissi Amal
- Souma Zein
- Soumah Abdoul Karim
- Souopgui Jacob
- Sourakatou Salifou
- Sow Abdourahmane
- Sow Mamadou Saliou
- Ssemwanga Deogratius
- Ssewanyana Isaac
- Ssuuna Charles
- Stambouli Nejla
- Stander Tania
- Stange Madlen
- Stanley Sarah
- Stefanov Emily K.
- Stoecker Kilian
- Storey Matt
- Strydom Amy
- Subramoney Kathleen
- Sujeewon C.
- SULAIMAN Mariam Kehinde
- Sule Waidi
- Sun Fengming
- Swanson Kena
- Sylvanus Okogbenin
- Sylverken Augustina A.
- Symeker S.L.
- Symekher Samwel Lifumo
- Tagajdid Rida
- Taha A.G.
- Taha Ahmed
- Taha Chouati
- Taiwo Babafemi O.
- Takada A.
- Takawira Faustinos T.
- Takawira Tatenda
- Takou Desire
- Taloa K.A.
- Tamfum Jean-Jacques M.
- Tan M.
- Tan Michelle
- Tarnagda Zekiba
- Tarupiwa Andrew
- Tatfeng Mirabeau Y.
- Tato C.
- Tato Cristina M.
- Taweh Fahn M.
- Tayachew Adamu
- Tayimetha Carolle Yanique
- Taylor Susan
- Tchibozo Carine
- Tchoudjin Herve Christian Paho
- Tebeje Yenew K.
- Tefelo Thela
- Tefera D.A.
- Tefera Dessalegn Abeje
- Tegally Houriiyah
- Tegomoh Bryan
- Tegueni Kokou
- Tei-Maya
- Teka Gizaw
- Tembo John
- Tesfaye Abraham
- Tesfaye Gelanew
- Tesfaye Kassahun
- Tessema Sofonias K.
- Testimony Olumade
- Thiam Aminata Sileymane
- Thilliez Gaetan
- Thiongo K.
- Thomas Van L.
- Tia Alie
- Tinto Halidou
- Tollera Getachew
- Tombolomako T. B.
- Tomkins-Tinch C.
- Tomori Oyewale
- Tongo Marcel
- Top Ndeye Marieme
- Tordo Noël
- Toure Abdoulaye
- Touré Bamba Fatoumata
- Touzani Charifa Drissi
- Touzani Otmane
- Trabelsi Sameh
- Traoré
- Traoré Adjaratou
- Treurnicht Florette
- Triki H.
- Triki Henda
- Trotter Alexander J.
- Tsegay Yao
- Tshiabuila Derek
- Tsiry R.
- Tsofa Benjamin
- Tuki Keyru
- Tumedi Kefentse A.
- Turki M.
- Tushabe Phionah
- Tuyisenge Patrick
- Tyers Lynn
- Uche Peace O.
- Ugwu C.A.
- Ulrich M.
- Umumararungu Esperance
- Umuringa Jeanne d’Arc
- Upton Arlo
- Ushijima Yuri
- Ussher James
- Utpatel Christian
- Uwanibe Jessica N.
- Uwituze Arlene
- van der Eijk Annemiek
- van der Linden Anne
- van der Linden Antje
- van der Werf Sylvie
- Van Rooyen G.
- van Rooyen Gerhard
- van Wyk Stephanie
- van Zyl Gert U.
- Vanaerschot M.
- Vanmechelen Bert
- Vanpeene Maud
- Velavan Thirumalaisamy P.
- Venter Marietjie
- Vernet Marie-Astrid
- Viana R.
- Vickos U.
- Victoir Kathleen
- Vida Ahyong
- Vidal Nicole
- Viegas Sofia
- Vincent Grace
- Vinze Anika
- Voegtly Logan J.
- von Gottberg Anne
- Waberi Zeinab Ali
- Wadi Amira Suliaman
- Wadonda N.
- Wadula J.
- Wagner Philipp
- Wahab Kolawole Wasiu
- Waitumbi John
- Walter Mathias C.
- Wamala Joseph F.
- Wandera Dennis N.
- Wang Jing
- Wang Xiuhua
- Wani Gregory
- Wanjohi Dorcas W.
- Wanok Stephen
- Waruhiu C.N.
- Waruhiu Cecilia
- Wasfi Fares
- Watters Chaselynn M.
- Wawina-Bokalanga Tony
- Wayengera Misaki
- Wayoro Oby
- Webby R.
- Webby Richard
- Weldemariam A.G.
- Weldemariam Atsbeha G.
- Werno Anja
- Wiley Michael R.
- Wilkinson David
- Wilkinson Eduan
- Williamson Carolyn
- Wilson Shannon
- Woelfel R.
- Wohl Shirlee
- Wolh S.
- Wolter Nicole
- Wuduri Zara
- Wulf Ben
- Wurie I.
- Wurie Isatta
- Xavier Joicymara S.
- Xiang Zuzheng
- Xie Hong
- Yadouleton Anges
- Yadouleton Yahya
- Yakout Mostfa
- Yandoko Rivalyn Nakoune
- Yang Qi
- Yao Kouadio T.
- Yassine Kasmi
- Yassine Zouheir
- Yasuda Jiro
- Yatassaye Bouna
- Yeboah C.
- Yeboah Richmond
- Yeboah-Manu Dorothy
- Yemi Bright K.
- Yiaba Cyrus
- Yiaba Warren Cyrus
- Yu Popova A.
- Yusuf Nyam Itse
- Yusuf Yacob Mohamed
- Zablon J. Matoke D.
- Zablon J.O.
- Zaher Tarek Refaat Elnagdy Raafat
- Zahra El Ansari Fatima
- Zahran Manal Hamdy
- Zekri Abdel-Rahman N.
- Zhang J.
- Zhou Pei
- Zinyowera Sekesai
- Zong Minko O.
- Zongo Arsène
- Zorgani A.
- Zouaki Amal
- Zulu P.
- Zumla Ali
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zuze Boitumelo
- Publication venue
- 'American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)'
- Publication date
- 07/10/2022
- Field of study
INTRODUCTION
Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic.
RATIONALE
We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs).
RESULTS
Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants.
CONCLUSION
Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century
Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- Author
- Aarestrup Frank M.
- Abouelnaga Mohamed
- Adell Aiko D.
- Adisa Ibrahim Raufu
- Ahmed Akeem Olayiwola
- Alaati Tareq
- Alba Patricia
- Alebouyeh Masoud
- Allerberger Franz
- Amin Arshana
- Andrianarivelo Mala Rakoto
- Avsejenko Jeļena
- Baisheng Li
- Baklayan Patricia
- Ballal Mamatha
- Banda Daniel Lawadi
- Bandara N. K. B. K. R. G. W.
- Bangera Sohan Rodney
- Banu Regina Ama
- Bartkevics Vadims
- Bastaraud Alexandra
- Battisti Antonio
- Beck Nicola Koren
- Bego Artan
- Begum Anowara
- Berendonk Thomas U.
- Berglund Fanny
- Bidjada Bawimodom
- Bosevska Golubinka
- Boss Renate
- Bouchrif Brahim
- Brar Satinder Kaur
- Brinch Christian
- Brinkmann Annika
- Brown Joe
- Bunce Joshua T.
- Burduniuc Olga
- Butrimaite-ambrozeviciene Ceslova
- Bērziņš Aivars
- Capone Drew
- Cassar Susan
- Catangcatang Kris
- Cerdà-cuéllar Marta
- Chambers Stephen T.
- Charlemagne Kareem
- Chonsin Kaknokrat
- Chung Teresa
- Cojocaru Radu
- Collard Jean-marc
- Collignon Peter
- Cormican Martin
- Corno Gianluca
- Coulibaly Kalpy Julien
- Coventry Kris
- Cuadros-orellana Sara
- Daoud Ziad
- Davis Michael
- De Roda Husman Ana Maria
- De Souza Larissa Camila Ribeiro
- Deogratias Zozo Nyarukweba
- Di Cesare Andrea
- Di Yoong Wen Doris
- Diaconu Elena Lavinia
- Djurovic Dijana
- Do Phuc Nguyen
- Donado-godoy Pilar
- Eguale Tadesse
- Ejobi Francis
- Elsborg Bodil
- Esterhuyse Kerneels
- Fakhraldeen Saja Adel
- Fani Fereshteh
- Fashae Kayode
- Feglo Patrick Kwame
- Gassama Amy
- Gavačová Dagmar
- Gaze William H.
- Gemmell Neil
- Gibb Karen
- Graham David W.
- Grujić Vesna Rudić
- Gustafson Natalie Weiler
- Gutierrez Angela Daniela Salazar
- Haber Malcolm Vella
- Hansen Lisbeth Truelstrup
- Hasan Rumina
- Hatha Abdulla Mohamed
- Heikinheimo Annamari
- Hendriksen Rene S.
- Hesse Sina
- Hisatsune Junzo
- Holmstad Rune
- Hong Pei-ying
- Hong Yu-ping
- Hossain Zenat Zebin
- Hounmanou Yaovi Mahuton Gildas
- Hrenovic Jasna
- Huete-pιrez Jorge
- Hur Hor-gil
- Ivanov Ivan
- Jamil Kazi
- Jassim Laila Mohamed
- Jensen Pernille Erland
- Jergović Matijana
- Jeunen Gert-jan
- Jiao Xiaoyang
- Jiayong Zhao
- Juste Bonkoungou Isidore
- Kalule John Bosco
- Kang Sanghoon
- Karpíšková Renáta
- Karraouan Bouchra
- Kayama Shizuo
- Ke Changwen
- Keddy Karen
- Kiiyukia Ciira
- Kjeldgaard Jette S.
- Kochubovski Mihail
- Kocsis Bela
- Kokina Kristina
- Koolmeister Marliin
- Koopmans Marion
- Kotzamanidis Charalampos
- Kumar Pratik
- Kumburu Happiness Houka
- Kurekci Cemil
- Kuroda Makoto
- Kwenda Geoffrey
- Lambrinidis Dionisia
- Larsson D. G. Joakim
- Lau Lok Ting
- Le Guyader Soizick
- Lefor Brett
- Legesse Mengistu
- Leonard Anne
- Levent Belkis
- Lickes Sergio A.
- Lilienthal Ronald
- Lopez Mariano Gomez
- Lytras Efthymios
- Magtibay Bonifacio B.
- Malania Lile
- Manaia Celia
- Martinez Maria Cristina
- Martins Jose
- Matar Ghassan M.
- Mazalica Nataša
- Mdegela Robinson Hammerthon
- Mendoza Fania Perez
- Meschke John Scott
- Mohammed Jibril
- Mohsin Mashkoor
- Moore Andrew
- Morales Johan F. Bernal
- Moran-gilad Jacob
- Morris Dearbhaile
- Munk Patrick
- Møller Frederik Duus
- Neilson Elizabeth Heather Jakobsen
- Ngandijo Antoinette
- Ng’eno Eric
- Nikiema-pessinaba Somtinda Christelle
- Nitsche Andreas
- Njanpop-lafourcade Berthe-marie
- Norrgren Leif
- Nzouankeu Ariane
- Obaidi Ouidiane
- Odetokun Ismail Ayoade
- Oliveira Guilherme
- Olivier Ziem A. Abah Jacques
- Oumar Traoré
- O’connor Louise
- Pal Pushkar
- Paredes-osses Esteban
- Parimannan Sivachandran
- Pastuchová Katarína
- Pathirage Sujatha
- Penny Christian
- Pereckienė Asta
- Perera R. R. D. P.
- Perry Meghan Rose
- Petersen Thomas N.
- Pieters Ilse
- Power Pablo
- Premasiri H. I.
- Quintela-baluja Marcos
- Radosavljevic Vladimir
- Rahube Teddie O.
- Rajandas Heraa
- Raka Lul
- Rasolofoarison Tiavina
- Rees Catherine
- Rigamonti Natalia
- Rocha Jaqueline
- Rodrigues Dalia
- Rojas Maria Luz Zamudio
- Rutgersson Carolin
- Ryrfors Pia
- Saba Courage Kosi Setsoafia
- Salem Mohamed Fathy
- Samison Luc Hervé
- Sanneh Bakary
- Santchurn Sunita J.
- Schaeffer Julien
- Schill Claudia Huber
- Schmitt Heike
- Schubert Sara
- Seyfarth Anne Mette
- Shakenova Zeinegul
- Shakoor Sadia
- Shin Hanseob
- Sibulo Ruby
- Sobsey Mark D.
- Solymosi Norbert
- Song Min Joon
- Sopheak Thet
- Soria Freddy
- Sozzi Emanuele
- Spiteri David
- Streikisa Madara
- Sugai Motoyuki
- Sukapanpatharam Pardi
- Suthienkul Orasa
- Svendsen Christina Aaby
- Sørgaard Anne-marie
- Tabo Djim-adjim
- Tagliati Carlos Alberto
- Tay Moon Y. F.
- Thamlikitkul Visanu
- Thomsen Jens
- Thorsteinsdottir Thorunn R.
- Tran Doan Minh Nguyen
- Trkov Marija
- Truong Phuong
- Truska Peter
- Valencia Maria Fernanda
- Van Bunnik Bram
- Van Der Heijden Tanja
- Van Passel Mark
- Van Chinh Dang
- Vandenberg Olivier
- Velasquez Jorge Echevarria
- Victorien Dougnon Tamègnon
- Vilchez Samuel
- Villacis Jose Eduardo
- Vubil Delfino Carlos
- Vujacic Aleksandar
- Vuthy Yith
- Wasyl Dariusz
- Wester Astrid Louise
- Wittum Thomas E.
- Woolhouse Mark
- Worrell Carlon
- Wuertz Stefan
- Yauce Felipe Campos
- Yoon Sukhwan
- Yost Christopher K.
- Yu Liansheng
- Yu Yongjie
- Zhang Lihong
- Zheng Huanying
- Zuniga-montanez Rogelio
- Álvaro Pedro
- Örn Stefan
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention
Recommended from our members
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- Abad Vanessa
- Abate Getahun
- Abbas Anum
- Ackerman Jamie
- Ackerman Ronald
- Ackermann Jeremy
- Adams Atoya
- Adams Mark S.
- Adams Michael R.
- Adelglass Jeffrey
- Afework Sarah
- Ahmad Nina
- Akamine Christine
- Ake Julie A.
- Al-Ibrahim Mohamed S.
- Albert Gary
- Alcaide Maria L.
- Alderson Nathan
- Aleman Lily
- Alemán José O.
- Allaw Mohammed
- Alva E. Javier Pretell
- Alvarado Hilario
- Amador Carmen
- Andersen James
- Anderson Corey G.
- Anderson Evan J.
- Anderson Victoria R.
- Andes David R.
- Andrasik Michele P.
- Andree Stephanie
- Andrews Jeb
- Andriesen Jessica G.
- Andriulis Victoria
- Ansel Jessica L.
- Anthony Codi M.
- Antwi Mohammed
- Arduino Roberto C.
- Aristy Florida
- Arnold Valerie K.
- Arrazcaeta Alicia
- Atmar Robert L.
- Avworo Ayoade
- Bacher Christina
- Baden Lindsey R.
- Badillo Diana
- Bainbridge Emma
- Baka Michele
- Baker Sherrie
- Balani Bindu
- Ball Brandy
- Bances Karla Beatriz Tafur
- Baron Mira
- Barranco-Santana Elizabeth
- Bartilucci Darlene
- Bashour Jennifer
- Batteiger Teresa A.
- Baudelaire Clarisse
- Bazan Jose A.
- Becerra Maria G.
- Becker Teresa
- Beckmann David
- Bedimo Roger J.
- Belhorn Linda R.
- Benavides Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros
- Beninati Genevieve
- Benitez Jorge A.
- Bennett Annette R.
- Bennett Elizabeth
- Beresnev Tatiana
- Berman Megan
- Bermudez Maria I.
- Bernard Marcia
- Bernstein David I.
- Berry Andrea
- Berry Jennifer
- Berthaud Vladimir
- Bialobok Kristin
- Billings Joanne L.
- Bittner Zachary
- Blevins Jeanne
- Blumenthal Jill
- Boas Rebecca
- Bocchini Joseph
- Bold Tyler D.
- Bondell Alison
- Bondy Paul
- Borger Judith
- Borgetti Scott
- Boscia Joseph
- Boswell Dean M.
- Bourgeois Tana
- Bowers Maggie
- Bradley Paul S.
- Brady Judith
- Brakema Riemke
- Bran Andres
- Branche Angela R.
- Brandenburg Boerries
- Brandon Donald M.
- Bravo Eric
- Briskin Toby
- Broder Gail
- Brosz Adam B.
- Browder David
- Browder Lesley
- Brown Cynthia
- Brown Jeremy
- Brownlee Robert
- Bruce Elizabeth
- Bueno Cynthia
- Bullock Delia
- Bunce Catherine A.
- Burch Cortney
- Burgett Michelle L.
- Burgher Abram
- Butcher Michael B.
- Buynak Robert J.
- Bäcker Martín
- Cade LaShondra
- Calderon Rafael
- Calderone Richard
- Caldwell Amy
- Calinescu Cornell
- Call Robert S.
- Callis Jim
- Camacho-Gonzalez Andres
- Campbell Thomas B.
- Campbell Wesley
- Cancilla Michael
- Cannon Kevin D.
- Cantos Valeria D.
- Carmody Ellie
- Carpenter Christopher
- Carr Melissa
- Carrascal Monica B.
- Carsons Steven E.
- Carvajal Marianela
- Casey Denise
- Caso Jorge
- Castellino Flora
- Castellon Marvin
- Castro Mario
- Catan Hannah
- Cavert Winston
- Chacón Jorge A.
- Chadwick Mesha M.
- Chamberlain Amy
- Chan Austin
- Chang Jennifer
- Chebib Mouna G.
- Chen Corey M.
- Cheng Margaret
- Cho Iksung
- Choquette Karin
- Chouteau R. Michelle
- Chow Brian D.W.
- Choza Laura Julia Camacho
- Chrisley Lisa
- Christensen Shane G.
- Chu Hanh
- Chu Laurence
- Chughtai Waseem
- Chung Michael
- Ciambruschini Annie
- Cicogna Cristina
- Clarence B. Creech I I
- Clark Alexander
- Clark Jesse L.
- Claybrook Phillip
- Clement Andrea
- Clement Lauren
- Clemons Steve
- Cohen Lisa
- Cohen Stuart H.
- Coleman Jacob
- Colindres Roberto A. Viau
- Connor Joseph P.
- Conway James H.
- Cooksey Erin
- Coombs Robert W.
- Cooney Maureen
- Cooper Deanna
- Coplan Paul
- Corey Lawrence
- Cornelison Raymond
- Corral Barbara
- Coslet Jordan
- Coston Erin
- Cotugno Michael J.
- Cramer Paul
- Cromer Charnell
- Cross Marshall A.
- Cruz-Valdez Aurelio
- Curlin Marcel
- Curry LaKondria
- Custers Jerome
- Cutz Erika A.
- DallaPiazza Michelle
- Dandachi Dima
- Danford Elizabeth
- Dang Lyly
- Daniels Stephen
- Davis Joseph D.
- Davis Matthew G.
- Davis William B.
- Davis Yvonne
- Davit Rajesh K.
- de Groot Anne Marit
- De La Cruz Luis I.
- De La Matta Rodriguez Claudia
- De Proost Ian
- Dedon Christopher
- Dedon Jon F.
- Deese Teresa
- Degan Emily
- DeHaan Elliot
- del Rio Carlos
- Delgado Ernesto
- Delgado Michael
- Delgado Mike
- Dellaero David
- Denham Douglas S.
- Desai Chinar
- Desai Parul
- Desjardins Michael
- Deutsch Karen
- Dever Michael E.
- Devine Naomi
- Dickey Michelle
- Diemert David J.
- Dietz Craig
- Doblecki-Lewis Susanne
- Domínguez Sandra Janeth Ortega
- Dong Jennifer L.
- Dora Tambra
- Dorcely Brenda
- Doust Matthew W.
- Downing Frances
- Dube Michael P.
- Dubovsky Filip
- Ducheneaux Pete
- Duhart Aeiress
- Duke Elizabeth
- Dunbar Debora
- Dunbar Haoua
- Duncanson Daniel
- Dunkle Lisa M.
- Dunlevy Hillary
- Duran Adriana Sordo
- Dye Amy
- Dyer Carmel B.
- Dzigiel Sarah
- Díaz-Miralrio Secia
- Easley Mary
- Eaton Niles
- Ebuh Georgette
- Ebuh Valentine M.
- Eckert Lynn
- Eckhardt Benjamin
- Eder Frank S.
- Edupuganti Srilatha
- Edward M. Tavel Jr
- Edwards Leslie A.
- Eickhoff Mark
- El Sahly Hana M.
- Ellerbeck Edward
- Ellsworth Grant
- Elnagar Elwaleed
- Engler Victoria
- Enright Kendra
- Ensz David J.
- Eppenbach Sally
- Erickson Sandra
- Eron Joseph J.
- Escallon Sebastian Garcia
- Esinhart Tiffany
- Espinosa Claudia
- Essink Brandon J.
- Estrada Denisse Alejandra González
- Everette Elizabeth
- Ewers Evan C.
- Ewing Beverly
- Falk Amy
- Falsey Ann R.
- Fas Norberto
- Fay Michael
- Fearon Szheckera
- Feijoo Brittany
- Feldman Gregory J.
- Felsen Uriel R.
- Fentanes María José Reyes
- Fichtenbaum Carl
- Fiel Tom
- Fierro Carlos A.
- Finkelstein Kenneth
- Finley Jon
- Fiorillo Suzanne
- Fitz-Patrick David
- Florescu Diana F.
- Flume Patrick
- Fogarty Charles M.
- Foley Jennifer
- Follmann Dean
- Folmar Pink
- Folsom Lyndsea
- Fong Youyi
- Ford Stacy
- Forero Lina M.
- Forgosh Les B.
- Formentini Elizabeth
- Fouts Rhodna
- Fragoso Veronica G.
- Franco-Vitteri Doris
- Frank Ian
- Frederick Raiser III
- Freeman George H.
- Freese Lena R.
- Freudemann Karen
- Frey Sharon E.
- Fried David L.
- Friesen Luke
- Fry James
- Furey Dawn
- Galloway Christopher
- Galloway Sarah
- Galván Jorge F. Méndez
- Garcia Edgar
- Garcia Jenina
- Garcia-Fragoso Veronica
- García Iris
- Garvey Janet
- Gay Cynthia L.
- Gebhardt Bruce C.
- Geiger Grant
- Gelderblom Huub G.
- George H. Bauer Jr
- Geuss Georgettea
- Ghadishah Elham
- Gharib Elie
- Gharib Suzanne
- Gibson Richard L.
- Gilbert Peter B.
- Giorza Juan Luis Yrivarren
- Gipson Teletha
- Glenn Gregory M.
- Goecker Erin A.
- Goepfert Paul A.
- Goldenberg James N.
- Gomez Blanca
- Gonzales-Zamora Jose
- Gonzalez Celia
- Gonzalez Lazaro
- Gonzalez Viviana
- González Luis H.
- Gordon Bryan
- Gordon Sarah
- Gorman Richard
- Gottschlich Gregory M.
- Gottschlich Melissa
- Gower Shanda
- Graciaa Daniel S.
- Graham Irene
- Grant Amber
- Gray Brett
- Gray Glenda E.
- Gray Roni
- Green Allison
- Green Sinikka L.
- Greene Caroline
- Greene Rusty
- Greninger Alex
- Griffin Carl P.
- Grillo Joseph
- Grinsztejn Beatriz
- Grossberg Robert M.
- Grunstra Bernard
- Guanira-Carranza Juan V.
- Guarin Laura Hernandez
- Guerrero Laura Ruy Sanchez
- Guerrero Sonia
- Guillory Clint C.
- Guiney Caitlin J.
- Guizar Sharzhaad Molina
- Gular Catherine Q.
- Gunaratne Shauna H.
- Haber Milton
- Hachigian Greg
- Haggag Amina Z.
- Hall Evelyn
- Halpert David
- Hamilton Holli
- Hammershaimb Elizabeth
- Han-Conrad Laurie J.
- Harden Kate
- Harmon Esther L.
- Harper Charles
- Harper Wayne L.
- Harrell Nicole
- Harrington Hannah
- Harrison Kristina
- Harrison Tavane
- Harshell Shana
- Hartman William R.
- Hartvickson Robyn
- Hatlen Timothy J.
- Hauge Kirsten
- Haughey Lynne A.
- Haynes Michelle
- Headden Gary
- Healy C. Mary
- Healy Catherine Mary
- Hedges Parke
- Heerwegh Dirk
- Hegmann Theresa
- Heimonen Jessica
- Heinzig-Cartwright Destiny S.
- Henderson Jeffrey A.
- Henderson Renea
- Henderson Sheryl L.
- Hendriks Jenny
- Hennekes Gayle D.
- Hepburn Matthew
- Herati Ramin
- Herc Erica
- Hernandez Will
- Hernández Alejandro Quintín Barrat
- Herrera Vida Veronica Ruiz
- Hilder Robin
- Hill Janet
- Hill John M.
- Hinojosa Zindy Yazmín Zárate
- Hirsch Ian
- Ho Ken
- Hoberman Alejandro
- Hoft Daniel
- Hojat Leila
- Holdeman Troy
- Hollister Ripley R.
- Holloway Lisa
- Holt Gregory
- Hong Matthew
- Hong Rosamond
- Hong Stephan
- Horn Amanda
- Horton Manisha
- Horwith Gary
- Hosek Sybil G.
- Hoseyni Cyrus
- Howenstine Patty
- Huang Ying
- Huang Yunda
- Huang Yunda
- Huffine Cory J.
- Huffine Esther S.
- Hull Christine
- Hurst James W.
- Huskey Shamika
- Hussain Mary
- Hussey Julie
- Hussey Morgan
- Hutchens Mark
- Hutchins Tanya
- Hutter Julia
- Huynh Vincent
- Ibarra Jessica
- Immergluck Lilly
- Ince Dilek
- Ingalsbe-Geno Sarah M.
- Inniss Asha
- Irani Farah
- Israelsen Ryan
- Iverson Leslie
- Iwuala Genevieve
- Jackson Lisa A.
- Jackson-Booth Peta-Gay
- Jacobs Michael
- Jacobsen Colleen
- Jacobson Jeffrey M.
- Jacqmein Jeffry
- Jaegle Kate
- Jaffer Shireen H.
- Jahromi Maryam
- James Frank
- Janes Holly E.
- Jay Melanie
- Jeanfreau Robert
- Jeanfreau Susan
- Jeffrey Dugas Sr
- Jennings William
- Jenson Natasa
- Jerome Keith R.
- John W. McGettigan Jr
- Johnson Danyel
- Johnson Diane H.
- Johnson Erica
- Johnson Jennie
- Johnson Jennifer A.
- Johnson John
- Johnson Kristen
- Johnson Lisa
- Johnson Maria
- Johnston Carrie
- Jones Kathleen S.
- Jones William H.
- Jones-López Edward C.
- Jordan Bailey
- Joseph Eron Jr
- Juraszek Jarek
- Justman Jessica E.
- Kahney Scott
- Kalams Spyros A.
- Kamidani Satoshi
- Kandiah Sheetal
- Kane Pamela
- Kapadia Shashi
- Katz Lois
- Katz Melinda
- Kauffman Carol
- Kaul Daniel
- Kautz Margaret
- Keating Westly
- Keefer Michael C.
- Keitel Wendy A.
- Kelley Amy
- Kelley Colleen F.
- Kelly Kary
- Kelman Sandra
- Kelty Gerald
- Kennedy Ashley
- Kennelly Christina
- Kessler Jill
- Ketter Nzeera
- Khan Najat
- Khetan Shishir K.
- Khizer Saadia
- Kiersey Kristen
- Kilgore Paul
- Kim Anthony
- Kim Kami
- Kimmel Murray A.
- King Michelle
- Kingsley Jeff
- Kirby John A.
- Kirby William
- Kirstein Judith L.
- Kizer John S.
- Klein Jeffrey
- Klein Terry D.
- Klein Thomas C.
- Klein Tracy R.
- Kline David
- Kline Susan
- Knishinsky Jennifer
- Knowles Jennifer
- Kogelman Laura
- Kohrs Sharon
- Koletar Susan L.
- Koren Michael J.
- Kotloff Karen L.
- Kottkamp Angelica
- Krishnankutty Jayasree
- Kryvicky Mara
- Kublin James G.
- Kucera Kristine J.
- Kulic Marcy
- Kurnat Rebecca J.
- Kush Kelly
- Kutner Mark E.
- Ladner Ben
- Laflan Cathy
- Lagos Claudio Nuñez
- Laguio-Vila Maryrose
- Lamberth Sherry
- Landovitz Raphael J.
- Lane Dakotah C.
- Lara Anyela
- Larkin T. Wadsworth III
- Laurens Matthew B.
- Lauria Andrew
- Lawler Daniel T.
- Le Nga
- Leathers Vickie
- Leav Brett
- Ledbetter Logan
- Ledgerwood Julie
- Lee Angela
- Lee Jessica L.
- Lee Kia
- Lee Marina
- Leibowitz Mark
- Leistner Natalia
- Leland N. Allen III
- Lerman Mark
- Levin Michael L.
- Levy Brendan
- Levy Phillip
- Lewis Derek
- Lewis Maggie
- Lewis Michael
- Lewis Wendell
- León Winniberg Stephany Alvarez
- Lichtenberger Paola
- Lilienthal Amanda
- Linder Kathleen
- Linebarger Carol Ann
- Lisec Kendra
- Little Ryan
- Liu Albert
- Lok Anna S.
- Lomasney Evelyn
- Longe James
- Lopez Carlos
- Lord Julia
- Lovell James
- Lubelchek Ronald
- Lucaj John
- Luckasen Gary
- Lucksinger Gregg H.
- Luetkemeyer Annie
- Luft Benjamin J.
- Lugogo Njira Lucia
- Lupercio Rafael
- Lutat Alisha
- Maboa Rebone M.
- MacBryde Rosa
- Mackey Nolan
- Madan Rebecca P.
- Madrid Martha Cecilia Gómora
- Maenza Janine
- Mahgoub Siham
- Majumder Mashrur Islam
- Makhene Mamodikoe
- Malbari Hussain
- Malkin Elissa
- Malvestutto Carlos
- Manalo Millie
- Mancilla Jose C.
- Mancilla Jose Castillo
- Mangu Padma N.
- Manning Mary Beth
- Manning Rickey D.
- Marafioti Horacio
- Marks Kristin
- Marovich Mary A.
- Marquez Adrienna
- Martin Judith
- Martin Thomas C.S.
- Martinez Becky
- Martinez Reuben
- Martínez Karina Cano
- Mascola John
- Mason Robin
- Matherne Paul G.
- Matich Christopher
- Mauri Monica
- Maves Ryan C.
- Maxwell Celia
- Maxwell Michelle
- Mayer Kenneth H.
- McArthur Monica
- McCarter Jennifer
- McCartney Michael J.
- McClelland R. Scott
- McClenathan Bruce
- McClennen Rachael
- McConnell Andrew
- McCort Margaret E.
- McElrath M. Juliana
- McGarry Alice
- McGettigan Jonlyn
- McGill Lora J.
- McGrath Eric
- McKenzie Mark M.
- McKeown-Bragas Cecilia
- McKnight Irene
- McLaughlin Morgan
- McNairy Meredith
- McQuarrie Kelly
- McWilliams Andrew
- Meck Jodi
- Mederos Surisday
- Medina Amy
- Medina Carmen
- Medina Martha Carmen
- Meier Jeffrey
- Mellman Thomas
- Mena Jessica M.
- Menasche Kathleen
- Mendez Janet
- Mendoza Erika
- Mendoza Rafael
- Merchant Rajan
- Merino Fernando L.
- Metzger David
- Meyer Jay
- Meyerowitz Eric A.
- Michael Nelson
- Mileno Maria
- Miles Chelsea
- Miles Matthew
- Miller Eric
- Miller Jacqueline
- Miller Meagan
- Miller Paulina
- Miller Vicki E.
- Milligan Jason
- Milliken Ann M.
- Mirkil Vincent
- Mirsaeidi Mehdi
- Mitchell Carol L.
- Mohan Gowdhami
- Momplaisir Florence
- Monaco Cynthia L.
- Montano-Pereira Cynthia
- Montoya Natasha
- Montros Candice
- Moodley Amaran
- Morales Fernanda
- Moran Caitlin
- Moran Maria Hernandez
- Morris Stephen
- Mosteller Victoria
- Mott Stefanie
- Moya Connie
- Moye Terri
- Mueller Kimberly
- Muenzner Jacqueline
- Muhammad Sauda
- Mullane Kathleen M.
- Muniz Gysella
- Munsiff Sonal
- Murray Deborah
- Murray Linda
- Murray Monica
- Musante David B.
- Muñoz-Gómez Sigridh
- Méndez Daniela Pineda
- Nachman Sharon
- Naguib Sherif
- Naifeh Jerome G.
- Naqvi S. Hasan
- Nash Marshall
- Nasim Julio
- Nason Martha
- Nee Paul
- Negron Rosa
- Neill Marguerite
- Nelson Joy
- Nelson Taylor
- Nemecek Tiffany
- Nesbitt Lori
- Neumeister Sonja
- Neuzil Kathleen M.
- Nevarez Hannah
- Newberg Joseph L.
- Newhouse Lauren
- Newingham Patrick
- Newton Fred E.
- Ng-Price Lucy
- Nieves Kimberly
- Nnadi Chimeremma
- Nofz Kimberly
- Nollen Nicole L.
- Noor Asif
- Novak Richard M.
- Nugent Paul J.
- Nuss Cheryl
- Nutsch Chelsie
- Nyaku Amesika
- O'Brien Allison
- O'Leary Marcia
- Ocaña Enrique
- Occhino Amanda
- Okonya Tracy
- Okulicz Jason F.
- Olanrewaju Oyebisi
- Olds Shelby
- Oliver Patrick A.
- Olivieri Odette
- Omodele Sarah
- Oplinger Allie
- Oppenheim Emily
- Oppong Yaa D.
- Orozco Karen Sofia Vega
- Ortega Jessica
- Ortegón Maricruz E.
- Oshita Masaru
- Osmundsen Erica
- Ostovar Jaleh
- Otto Janet
- Overcash Jeffrey S.
- Pacheco-Flores Janeth
- Paez Carmen A.
- Paiano Ruth
- Paliwal Amit
- Paliwal Yogesh K.
- Palmer Steven
- Pampe David
- Parameswaran Lalitha
- Parikh Purvi
- Parker Elizabeth
- Parker Susan
- Parks Kevin
- Parungao Reza
- Patel Alpa
- Patel Priti
- Patterson Jan
- Patterson Thomas
- Patton Walter
- Paul Leena
- Pavetto Corrina
- Pavie Juana R.
- Peacock James
- Pearlman Laura
- Peay Alyssa-Kay
- Pellecchia Alison
- Pena-Renteria Issac
- Peraita Noris
- Peralta Henry
- Percy Donna
- Pereira Isabel
- Perez Ashley
- Peterson James T.
- Petts Jennifer
- Petty Taryn
- Pham Mai
- Phan Sharine
- Philyaw Amanda
- Phungwayo Sikhongi
- Pi Judy
- Pickle Shelby
- Pickrell Paul
- Piedra Terry
- Pierce Kristen K.
- Pinilla Ruth S.
- Pinto Simmy
- Pitotti Rebecca
- Pitrak David
- Pixler April
- Plavin Stanford
- Poling Terry L.
- Ponce Philip
- Porterfield Laura
- Potts Amy
- Powell Richard
- Powers-Fletcher Margaret
- Price-Abbott Patty
- Procasky Veronica
- Purpura Lawrence J.
- Pérez Silvano Omar Martínez
- Quevedo Evelyn
- Quillin Kim
- Quinn Donald
- Quintero Jalima
- Raabe Vanessa
- Raja Sabina
- Rajasekhar Vivek
- Raley Danielle
- Rameaka Lisa Stevens
- Ramesh Mayur
- Ramirez Natalie
- Ramon Wanda
- Ramsey James
- Rankin Bruce G.
- Rattenbury-Shaw Heather
- Rebolledo Paulina
- Recuenco Sergio E.
- Reed Patty
- Regalado Malina
- Regalado Maria M.
- Reynolds Michele D.
- Reynolds Trina L.
- Rhee Margaret
- Richard M. Glover I I
- Richards Tamara
- Richmond Sha-Wanda
- Rick Anne-Marie
- Riddler Sharon A.
- Riesenberg Robert
- Rijos Dolores
- Rindt Joshua
- Rivera Juan J.
- Rivera Juana
- Rivera María I.
- Rivero Gina
- Rizvi Zainab
- Rizzardi Barbara
- Roadman Denise
- Robb Merlin
- Robert W. Frenck Jr
- Roberts Afsoon
- Robinson Toni
- Robison Dawn
- Robison Elizabeth E.
- Rodman Shannon
- Rodriguez Carina A.
- Rodriguez Jessica
- Rokser Rachel
- Rolle Charlotte-Paige
- Rolsma Stephanie
- Ronco Peter
- Ronk Melody
- Rosen Adam
- Rosen Jeffrey
- Rosenberg David
- Rosengren A. Lina
- Rostad Christina A.
- Rothenberg Joan
- Rouhbakhsh Rambod
- Rouphael Nadine
- Rowell Crystal
- Roychoudhury Pavitra
- Rucker Rola G.
- Ruiz Monica
- Ruiz-Palacios Guillermo Miguel
- Ruperto Karen
- Rupp Richard
- Rutstein Sarah E.
- Rybak Natasha
- Sadoff Jerald
- Saemann Michelle
- Safirstein Beth
- Saldaña Eduardo Gabriel Vázquez
- Saleem Nafisa
- Saleh Jamshid
- Sales Kacie
- Salzl Amy
- Sample Denise
- Samuels Robert
- Sanchez Erica
- Sanchez Martha
- Sanchez Rosario
- Sanchez-Crespo Nelia
- Sanders John
- Sanders Lisa J.
- Santiago Fredric
- Santiago Rica
- Santolaya María E.
- Scatamacchia Carolyn
- Schacker Timothy W.
- Schipani Linda M.
- Schmeck Christy
- Schmidt Robert
- Schnitz William
- Schroeck Debra B.
- Schwartz Adam
- Schwartz Howard
- Schwartz Howard I.
- Schwartz Jennifer
- Schwasinger-Schmidt Tiffany
- Sciaudone Michael
- Scott Hyman
- Scott Tameika
- Secord Elizabeth
- Segall Nathan
- Seger William
- Seversen Shannen
- Sha Beverly E.
- Shah Mitul
- Shairi Samira
- Shankaran Shivanjali
- Shannon Amie
- Shapiro Adrienne E.
- Sharp Stephan C.
- Shaw Marian E.
- Shelly Rozeli
- Shelton Sandra
- Sherman Amy
- Sheth Neil P.
- Shinn Steven
- Shlotzhauer Tammi L.
- Shope Timothy
- Shopsin Bo
- Shoptaw Steven
- Siddiqui Farhan
- Siegel Marc
- Sierra Dianca
- Silver William P.
- Simmons Todd
- Simon Gary
- Sims Matthew D.
- Singer Leonard
- Singletary Justin
- Skipper Stephanie
- Slechta Stacy
- Sligh Teresa S.
- Smith Candace
- Smith Derek M.
- Smith Katherine
- Smith Mary
- Smith Michael J.
- Smith William B.
- Snell Kimberly
- Sobhanie M. Mahdee
- Sobieszczyk Magdalena E.
- Sogbetun Obiageli
- Solis Joel
- Sonnier Cora
- Sopher Carrie
- Sovic Brit
- Spector Stephen A.
- Sperber Steven
- Staben Jonathan
- Stahl Jessica
- Stanford Amber
- Stangl Lisa
- Stanton Ariana C.
- Stapleton Jack
- Stapleton Katherine
- Starlin Richard
- Starr Amy
- Starr Ryan P.
- Steil Kenneth
- Stephenson Carolene
- Stephenson Kathryn E.
- Sterling Stephanie
- Stewart Brittany
- Striker Robert
- Strout Cynthia Becher
- Struyf Frank
- Studdard Suzanna
- Stulken Laura
- Stull Mildred
- Sturgeon Rodney E.
- Suen May-Yin
- Sugimoto Danny
- Suyehira Janice
- Swaminathan Shobha
- Swan Suzanne
- Swann Edith
- Swanson Austin
- Sweet Christy
- Swieboda Elisa
- Syndergaard Scott N.
- Takizala Zudi-Mwak
- Takuva Simbarashe G.
- Talaat Kawsar R.
- Tan Chen S.
- Tapia Milagritos
- Tarakjian Denis
- Tashima Karen
- Tatelbaum David
- Taylor Barbara S.
- Taylor Brandie
- Tedder-Edwards Sharita
- Teherani Meghan
- Theodore Deborah A.
- Thessing Jeffrey
- Thomas Meagan
- Thomas-Seaton LaTeshia
- Thompson Amy
- Thompson Karl M.
- Thompson-Seim Teri
- Thomsen Isaac
- Tieu Hong V.
- Toma Ramy J.
- Tomaszewski Christian
- Tomatsu Lee
- Tomlinson Ryan
- Tong Tina
- Tong Xiaomi
- Torres Juan P.
- Torres Julian A.
- Tovar Dalia
- Tran Carolyn
- Treanor John J.
- Tukuru Sade
- Turley Christine B.
- Turner Mark A.
- Tyson Stefanie
- Ulrich Robert J.
- Usdan Lisa S.
- Utz Gregory C.
- Vachris Timothy P.
- Valenti Bruno
- Valika Insiya
- Van Der Leden Mimi
- Van Dromme Ilse
- Van Ever Wesley
- Van Roey Griet
- Varughese Tilly
- Vega Jocelyn Zuleica Olmos
- Vega Norma
- Vegas Diana
- Vertucci Michele
- Viar Veronica
- Viens Nicholas A.
- Villegas Marysol
- Vingerhoets Johan
- Vogler Mary
- Vowell Mandy
- Vrbicky Keith W.
- Wahlin Tami
- Wakefield Paul H.
- Wald Anna
- Walker James
- Walker Shannon
- Walsh Edward E.
- Walsh Mary C.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walter Emmanuel B.
- Walters Ayanna
- Wang Tina
- Warden Ashley
- Waters Michael
- Watkins Breanz
- Webb Angella
- Webster Hala
- Weidler Jessica L.
- Weiss Thomas
- Wells Margaret
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendrow Andrea
- Werne Melody
- West Whitney
- Whatley Jordan L.
- Whitaker Jennifer A.
- White Jewel J.
- White Julie
- White Toni
- Wijewardane Priyantha N.
- Wilkin Timothy
- Wilkinson Bethanie
- William S. Davis Jr
- Williams Barton G.
- Williams Hayes
- Williams Samantha
- Wilson Christine
- Wilson Clint
- Wilson Greg
- Wilson Natasha
- Winbigler Jennifer
- Winkle Peter J.
- Winokur Patricia L.
- Witbeck John
- Wohl David
- Woo Wayne
- Woodside Leana
- Wortman Glenn
- Wu Yi H.
- Wylie Paul E.
- Yang Fan
- Yang Kinara S.
- Yoon Anelgine C.
- York Jill
- Young Cheryl
- Yu Chenchen
- Yusin Joseph
- Zapata Luz
- Zash Rebecca
- Zegarra Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena
- Zemanek Arthur L.
- Zenlea Kate
- Zepeda Karla
- Zervos Marcus J.
- Zhai Nan
- Zhang Kevin
- Zhou James
- Zimmer Andrea
- Zingman Barry S.
- Zorrilla Carmen D.
- Áñez Germán
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- A. Lina Rosengren
- Abram Burgher
- Adam B. Brosz
- Adam Rosen
- Adam Schwartz
- Adriana Sordo Duran
- Adrienna Marquez
- Adrienne E. Shapiro
- Aeiress Duhart
- Afsoon Roberts
- Albert Liu
- Alejandro Hoberman
- Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández
- Alex Greninger
- Alexander Clark
- Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides
- Alice McGarry
- Alicia Arrazcaeta
- Alisha Lutat
- Alison Bondell
- Alison Pellecchia
- Allie Oplinger
- Allison Green
- Allison O'Brien
- Alpa Patel
- Alyssa-Kay Peay
- Amanda Horn
- Amanda Lilienthal
- Amanda Occhino
- Amanda Philyaw
- Amaran Moodley
- Amber Grant
- Amber Stanford
- Amesika Nyaku
- Amie Shannon
- Amina Z. Haggag
- Amit Paliwal
- Amy Caldwell
- Amy Chamberlain
- Amy Dye
- Amy Falk
- Amy Kelley
- Amy Medina
- Amy Potts
- Amy Salzl
- Amy Sherman
- Amy Starr
- Amy Thompson
- Andrea Berry
- Andrea Clement
- Andrea Wendrow
- Andrea Zimmer
- Andres Bran
- Andres Camacho-Gonzalez
- Andrew Lauria
- Andrew McConnell
- Andrew McWilliams
- Anelgine C. Yoon
- Angela Lee
- Angela R. Branche
- Angelica Kottkamp
- Angella Webb
- Ann M. Milliken
- Ann R. Falsey
- Anna S. Lok
- Anna Wald
- Anne Marit de Groot
- Anne-Marie Rick
- Annette R. Bennett
- Annie Ciambruschini
- Annie Luetkemeyer
- Anthony Kim
- Anum Abbas
- Anyela Lara
- April Pixler
- Ariana C. Stanton
- Arthur L. Zemanek
- Asha Inniss
- Ashley Kennedy
- Ashley Perez
- Ashley Warden
- Asif Noor
- Atoya Adams
- Aurelio Cruz-Valdez
- Austin Chan
- Austin Swanson
- Ayanna Walters
- Ayoade Avworo
- Bailey Jordan
- Barbara Corral
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara S. Taylor
- Barry S. Zingman
- Barton G. Williams
- Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Becky Martinez
- Ben Ladner
- Benjamin Eckhardt
- Benjamin J. Luft
- Bernard Grunstra
- Beth Safirstein
- Bethanie Wilkinson
- Beverly E. Sha
- Beverly Ewing
- Bindu Balani
- Blanca Gomez
- Bo Shopsin
- Boerries Brandenburg
- Brandie Taylor
- Brandon J. Essink
- Brandy Ball
- Breanz Watkins
- Brenda Dorcely
- Brendan Levy
- Brett Gray
- Brett Leav
- Brian D.W. Chow
- Brit Sovic
- Brittany Feijoo
- Brittany Stewart
- Bruce C. Gebhardt
- Bruce G. Rankin
- Bruce McClenathan
- Bruno Valenti
- Bryan Gordon
- C. Mary Healy
- Caitlin J. Guiney
- Caitlin Moran
- Candace Smith
- Candice Montros
- Carina A. Rodriguez
- Carl Fichtenbaum
- Carl P. Griffin
- Carlos A. Fierro
- Carlos del Rio
- Carlos Lopez
- Carlos Malvestutto
- Carmel B. Dyer
- Carmen A. Paez
- Carmen Amador
- Carmen D. Zorrilla
- Carmen Medina
- Carol Ann Linebarger
- Carol Kauffman
- Carol L. Mitchell
- Carolene Stephenson
- Caroline Greene
- Carolyn Scatamacchia
- Carolyn Tran
- Carrie Johnston
- Carrie Sopher
- Catherine A. Bunce
- Catherine Mary Healy
- Catherine Q. Gular
- Cathy Laflan
- Cecilia McKeown-Bragas
- Celia Gonzalez
- Celia Maxwell
- Charles Harper
- Charles M. Fogarty
- Charlotte-Paige Rolle
- Charnell Cromer
- Chelsea Miles
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chen S. Tan
- Chenchen Yu
- Cheryl Nuss
- Cheryl Young
- Chimeremma Nnadi
- Chinar Desai
- Christian Tomaszewski
- Christina A. Rostad
- Christina Bacher
- Christina Kennelly
- Christine Akamine
- Christine B. Turley
- Christine Hull
- Christine Wilson
- Christopher Carpenter
- Christopher Dedon
- Christopher Galloway
- Christopher Matich
- Christy Schmeck
- Christy Sweet
- Clarence B. Creech II
- Clarisse Baudelaire
- Claudia De La Matta Rodriguez
- Claudia Espinosa
- Claudio Nuñez Lagos
- Clint C. Guillory
- Clint Wilson
- Codi M. Anthony
- Colleen F. Kelley
- Colleen Jacobsen
- Connie Moya
- Cora Sonnier
- Corey G. Anderson
- Corey M. Chen
- Cornell Calinescu
- Corrina Pavetto
- Cortney Burch
- Cory J. Huffine
- Craig Dietz
- Cristina Cicogna
- Crystal Rowell
- Cynthia Becher Strout
- Cynthia Brown
- Cynthia Bueno
- Cynthia L. Gay
- Cynthia L. Monaco
- Cynthia Montano-Pereira
- Cyrus Hoseyni
- Dakotah C. Lane
- Dalia Tovar
- Daniel Duncanson
- Daniel Hoft
- Daniel Kaul
- Daniel S. Graciaa
- Daniel T. Lawler
- Daniela Pineda Méndez
- Danielle Raley
- Danny Sugimoto
- Danyel Johnson
- Darlene Bartilucci
- David B. Musante
- David Beckmann
- David Browder
- David Dellaero
- David Fitz-Patrick
- David Halpert
- David I. Bernstein
- David J. Diemert
- David J. Ensz
- David Kline
- David L. Fried
- David Metzger
- David Pampe
- David Pitrak
- David R. Andes
- David Rosenberg
- David Tatelbaum
- David Wohl
- Dawn Furey
- Dawn Robison
- Dean Follmann
- Dean M. Boswell
- Deanna Cooper
- Debora Dunbar
- Deborah A. Theodore
- Deborah Murray
- Debra B. Schroeck
- Delia Bullock
- Denis Tarakjian
- Denise Casey
- Denise Roadman
- Denise Sample
- Denisse Alejandra González Estrada
- Derek Lewis
- Derek M. Smith
- Destiny S. Heinzig-Cartwright
- Diana Badillo
- Diana F. Florescu
- Diana Vegas
- Dianca Sierra
- Diane H. Johnson
- Dilek Ince
- Dima Dandachi
- Dirk Heerwegh
- Dolores Rijos
- Donald M. Brandon
- Donald Quinn
- Donna Percy
- Doris Franco-Vitteri
- Douglas S. Denham
- E. Javier Pretell Alva
- Edgar Garcia
- Edith Swann
- Eduardo Gabriel Vázquez Saldaña
- Edward C. Jones-López
- Edward E. Walsh
- Edward Ellerbeck
- Edward M. Tavel Jr.
- Elham Ghadishah
- Elie Gharib
- Elisa Swieboda
- Elissa Malkin
- Elizabeth Barranco-Santana
- Elizabeth Bennett
- Elizabeth Bruce
- Elizabeth Danford
- Elizabeth Duke
- Elizabeth E. Robison
- Elizabeth Everette
- Elizabeth Formentini
- Elizabeth Hammershaimb
- Elizabeth Parker
- Elizabeth Secord
- Ellie Carmody
- Elliot DeHaan
- Elwaleed Elnagar
- Emily Degan
- Emily Oppenheim
- Emma Bainbridge
- Emmanuel B. Walter
- Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena Zegarra
- Enrique Ocaña
- Eric A. Meyerowitz
- Eric Bravo
- Eric McGrath
- Eric Miller
- Erica Herc
- Erica Johnson
- Erica Osmundsen
- Erica Sanchez
- Erika A. Cutz
- Erika Mendoza
- Erin A. Goecker
- Erin Cooksey
- Erin Coston
- Ernesto Delgado
- Esther L. Harmon
- Esther S. Huffine
- Evan C. Ewers
- Evan J. Anderson
- Evelyn Hall
- Evelyn Lomasney
- Evelyn Quevedo
- Fan Yang
- Farah Irani
- Farhan Siddiqui
- Fernanda Morales
- Fernando L. Merino
- Filip Dubovsky
- Flora Castellino
- Florence Momplaisir
- Florida Aristy
- Frances Downing
- Frank James
- Frank S. Eder
- Frank Struyf
- Fred E. Newton
- Frederick Raiser III
- Fredric Santiago
- Gail Broder
- Gary Albert
- Gary Headden
- Gary Horwith
- Gary Luckasen
- Gary Simon
- Gayle D. Hennekes
- Genevieve Beninati
- Genevieve Iwuala
- George H. Bauer Jr.
- George H. Freeman
- Georgette Ebuh
- Georgettea Geuss
- Gerald Kelty
- Germán Áñez
- Getahun Abate
- Gina Rivero
- Glenda E. Gray
- Glenn Wortman
- Gowdhami Mohan
- Grant Ellsworth
- Grant Geiger
- Greg Hachigian
- Greg Wilson
- Gregg H. Lucksinger
- Gregory C. Utz
- Gregory Holt
- Gregory J. Feldman
- Gregory M. Glenn
- Gregory M. Gottschlich
- Griet Van Roey
- Guillermo Miguel Ruiz-Palacios
- Gysella Muniz
- Hala Webster
- Hana M. El Sahly
- Hanh Chu
- Hanh Chu
- Hannah Catan
- Hannah Harrington
- Hannah Nevarez
- Haoua Dunbar
- Hayes Williams
- Heather Rattenbury-Shaw
- Henry Peralta
- Hilario Alvarado
- Hillary Dunlevy
- Holli Hamilton
- Holly E. Janes
- Hong V. Tieu
- Horacio Marafioti
- Howard I. Schwartz
- Howard Schwartz
- Hussain Malbari
- Huub G. Gelderblom
- Hyman Scott
- Ian De Proost
- Ian Frank
- Ian Hirsch
- Iksung Cho
- Ilse Van Dromme
- Insiya Valika
- Irene Graham
- Irene McKnight
- Iris García
- Isaac Thomsen
- Isabel Pereira
- Issac Pena-Renteria
- Jack Stapleton
- Jacob Coleman
- Jacqueline Miller
- Jacqueline Muenzner
- Jaleh Ostovar
- Jaleh Ostovar
- Jalima Quintero
- James Andersen
- James Fry
- James G. Kublin
- James H. Conway
- James Longe
- James Lovell
- James N. Goldenberg
- James Peacock
- James Ramsey
- James T. Peterson
- James W. Hurst
- James Walker
- James Zhou
- Jamie Ackerman
- Jamshid Saleh
- Jan Patterson
- Janet Garvey
- Janet Hill
- Janet Mendez
- Janet Otto
- Janeth Pacheco-Flores
- Janice Suyehira
- Janine Maenza
- Jarek Juraszek
- Jason F. Okulicz
- Jason Milligan
- Jay Meyer
- Jayasree Krishnankutty
- Jeanne Blevins
- Jeb Andrews
- Jeff Kingsley
- Jeffrey A. Henderson
- Jeffrey Adelglass
- Jeffrey Dugas Sr.
- Jeffrey Klein
- Jeffrey M. Jacobson
- Jeffrey Meier
- Jeffrey Rosen
- Jeffrey S. Overcash
- Jeffrey Thessing
- Jeffry Jacqmein
- Jenina Garcia
- Jennie Johnson
- Jennifer A. Johnson
- Jennifer A. Whitaker
- Jennifer Bashour
- Jennifer Berry
- Jennifer Chang
- Jennifer Foley
- Jennifer Knishinsky
- Jennifer Knowles
- Jennifer L. Dong
- Jennifer McCarter
- Jennifer Petts
- Jennifer Schwartz
- Jennifer Winbigler
- Jenny Hendriks
- Jerald Sadoff
- Jeremy Ackermann
- Jeremy Brown
- Jerome Custers
- Jerome G. Naifeh
- Jesse L. Clark
- Jessica E. Justman
- Jessica G. Andriesen
- Jessica Heimonen
- Jessica Ibarra
- Jessica L. Ansel
- Jessica L. Lee
- Jessica L. Weidler
- Jessica M. Mena
- Jessica Ortega
- Jessica Rodriguez
- Jessica Stahl
- Jewel J. White
- Jill Blumenthal
- Jill Kessler
- Jill York
- Jim Callis
- Joan Rothenberg
- Joanne L. Billings
- Jocelyn Zuleica Olmos Vega
- Jodi Meck
- Joel Solis
- Johan Vingerhoets
- John A. Kirby
- John J. Treanor
- John Johnson
- John Lucaj
- John M. Hill
- John Mascola
- John S. Kizer
- John Sanders
- John W. McGettigan Jr.
- John Witbeck
- Jon F. Dedon
- Jon Finley
- Jonathan Staben
- Jonlyn McGettigan
- Jordan Coslet
- Jordan L. Whatley
- Jorge A. Benitez
- Jorge A. Chacón
- Jorge Caso
- Jorge F. Méndez Galván
- Jose A. Bazan
- Jose C. Mancilla
- Jose Castillo Mancilla
- Jose Gonzales-Zamora
- Joseph Bocchini
- Joseph Boscia
- Joseph D. Davis
- Joseph Eron Jr.
- Joseph Grillo
- Joseph J. Eron
- Joseph L. Newberg
- Joseph P. Connor
- Joseph Yusin
- Joshua Rindt
- José O. Alemán
- Joy Nelson
- Juan J. Rivera
- Juan Luis Yrivarren Giorza
- Juan P. Torres
- Juan V. Guanira-Carranza
- Juana R. Pavie
- Juana Rivera
- Judith Borger
- Judith Brady
- Judith L. Kirstein
- Judith Martin
- Judy Pi
- Julia Hutter
- Julia Lord
- Julian A. Torres
- Julie A. Ake
- Julie Hussey
- Julie Ledgerwood
- Julie White
- Julio Nasim
- Justin Singletary
- Kacie Sales
- Kami Kim
- Karen Deutsch
- Karen Freudemann
- Karen L. Kotloff
- Karen Ruperto
- Karen Sofia Vega Orozco
- Karen Tashima
- Karin Choquette
- Karina Cano Martínez
- Karl M. Thompson
- Karla Beatriz Tafur Bances
- Karla Zepeda
- Kary Kelly
- Kate Harden
- Kate Jaegle
- Kate Zenlea
- Katherine Smith
- Katherine Stapleton
- Kathleen Linder
- Kathleen M. Mullane
- Kathleen M. Neuzil
- Kathleen Menasche
- Kathleen S. Jones
- Kathryn E. Stephenson
- Kawsar R. Talaat
- Keith R. Jerome
- Keith W. Vrbicky
- Kelly Kush
- Kelly McQuarrie
- Ken Ho
- Kendra Enright
- Kendra Lisec
- Kenneth Finkelstein
- Kenneth H. Mayer
- Kenneth Steil
- Kevin D. Cannon
- Kevin Parks
- Kevin Zhang
- Kia Lee
- Kia Lee
- Kim Quillin
- Kimberly Mueller
- Kimberly Nieves
- Kimberly Nofz
- Kimberly Snell
- Kinara S. Yang
- Kirsten Hauge
- Kristen Johnson
- Kristen K. Pierce
- Kristen Kiersey
- Kristin Bialobok
- Kristin Marks
- Kristina Harrison
- Kristine J. Kucera
- LaKondria Curry
- Lalitha Parameswaran
- Larkin T. Wadsworth III
- LaShondra Cade
- LaTeshia Thomas-Seaton
- Laura Hernandez Guarin
- Laura Julia Camacho Choza
- Laura Kogelman
- Laura Pearlman
- Laura Pearlman
- Laura Porterfield
- Laura Ruy Sanchez Guerrero
- Laura Stulken
- Lauren Clement
- Lauren Newhouse
- Laurence Chu
- Laurie J. Han-Conrad
- Lawrence Corey
- Lawrence J. Purpura
- Lazaro Gonzalez
- Leana Woodside
- Lee Tomatsu
- Leena Paul
- Leila Hojat
- Leland N. Allen III
- Lena R. Freese
- Leonard Singer
- Les B. Forgosh
- Lesley Browder
- Leslie A. Edwards
- Leslie Iverson
- Lilly Immergluck
- Lily Aleman
- Lina M. Forero
- Linda M. Schipani
- Linda Murray
- Linda R. Belhorn
- Lindsey R. Baden
- Lisa A. Jackson
- Lisa Chrisley
- Lisa Cohen
- Lisa Holloway
- Lisa J. Sanders
- Lisa Johnson
- Lisa M. Dunkle
- Lisa S. Usdan
- Lisa Stangl
- Lisa Stevens Rameaka
- Logan Ledbetter
- Lois Katz
- Lora J. McGill
- Lori Nesbitt
- Lucy Ng-Price
- Luis H. González
- Luis I. De La Cruz
- Luke Friesen
- Luz Zapata
- Lyly Dang
- Lyndsea Folsom
- Lynn Eckert
- Lynne A. Haughey
- M. Juliana McElrath
- M. Mahdee Sobhanie
- Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
- Maggie Bowers
- Maggie Lewis
- Mai Pham
- Malina Regalado
- Mamodikoe Makhene
- Mandy Vowell
- Manisha Horton
- Mara Kryvicky
- Marc Siegel
- Marcel Curlin
- Marcia Bernard
- Marcia O'Leary
- Marcus J. Zervos
- Marcy Kulic
- Margaret Cheng
- Margaret E. McCort
- Margaret Kautz
- Margaret Powers-Fletcher
- Margaret Rhee
- Margaret Wells
- Marguerite Neill
- Maria G. Becerra
- Maria Hernandez Moran
- Maria I. Bermudez
- Maria Johnson
- Maria L. Alcaide
- Maria M. Regalado
- Maria Mileno
- Marian E. Shaw
- Marianela Carvajal
- Maricruz E. Ortegón
- Marina Lee
- Mario Castro
- Mark A. Turner
- Mark E. Kutner
- Mark Eickhoff
- Mark Hutchens
- Mark Leibowitz
- Mark Lerman
- Mark M. McKenzie
- Mark S. Adams
- Marshall A. Cross
- Marshall Nash
- Martha Carmen Medina
- Martha Cecilia Gómora Madrid
- Martha Nason
- Martha Sanchez
- Martín Bäcker
- Marvin Castellon
- Mary A. Marovich
- Mary Beth Manning
- Mary C. Walsh
- Mary Easley
- Mary Hussain
- Mary Smith
- Mary Vogler
- Maryam Jahromi
- Maryrose Laguio-Vila
- Marysol Villegas
- María E. Santolaya
- María I. Rivera
- María José Reyes Fentanes
- Masaru Oshita
- Mashrur Islam Majumder
- Matthew B. Laurens
- Matthew D. Sims
- Matthew G. Davis
- Matthew Hepburn
- Matthew Hong
- Matthew Hong
- Matthew Miles
- Matthew W. Doust
- Maureen Cooney
- May-Yin Suen
- Mayur Ramesh
- Meagan Miller
- Meagan Thomas
- Megan Berman
- Meghan Teherani
- Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Melanie Jay
- Melinda Katz
- Melissa Carr
- Melissa Gottschlich
- Melody Ronk
- Melody Werne
- Meredith McNairy
- Merlin Robb
- Mesha M. Chadwick
- Michael B. Butcher
- Michael C. Keefer
- Michael Cancilla
- Michael Cancilla
- Michael Chung
- Michael Delgado
- Michael Desjardins
- Michael E. Dever
- Michael Fay
- Michael J. Cotugno
- Michael J. Koren
- Michael J. McCartney
- Michael J. Smith
- Michael Jacobs
- Michael L. Levin
- Michael Lewis
- Michael P. Dube
- Michael R. Adams
- Michael Sciaudone
- Michael Waters
- Michele Baka
- Michele D. Reynolds
- Michele P. Andrasik
- Michele Vertucci
- Michelle DallaPiazza
- Michelle Dickey
- Michelle Haynes
- Michelle King
- Michelle L. Burgett
- Michelle Maxwell
- Michelle Saemann
- Mike Delgado
- Milagritos Tapia
- Mildred Stull
- Millie Manalo
- Milton Haber
- Mimi Van Der Leden
- Mira Baron
- Mitul Shah
- Mohamed S. Al-Ibrahim
- Mohammed Allaw
- Mohammed Antwi
- Monica B. Carrascal
- Monica Mauri
- Monica McArthur
- Monica Murray
- Monica Ruiz
- Morgan Hussey
- Morgan McLaughlin
- Mouna G. Chebib
- Murray A. Kimmel
- Nadine Rouphael
- Nafisa Saleem
- Najat Khan
- Nan Zhai
- Naomi Devine
- Natalia Leistner
- Natalie Ramirez
- Natasa Jenson
- Natasha Montoya
- Natasha Rybak
- Natasha Wilson
- Nathan Alderson
- Nathan Segall
- Neil P. Sheth
- Nelia Sanchez-Crespo
- Nelson Michael
- Nga Le
- Nicholas A. Viens
- Nicole Harrell
- Nicole L. Nollen
- Niles Eaton
- Nina Ahmad
- Njira Lucia Lugogo
- Nolan Mackey
- Norberto Fas
- Noris Peraita
- Norma Vega
- Nzeera Ketter
- Obiageli Sogbetun
- Odette Olivieri
- Oyebisi Olanrewaju
- Padma N. Mangu
- Pamela Kane
- Paola Lichtenberger
- Parke Hedges
- Parul Desai
- Patricia L. Winokur
- Patrick A. Oliver
- Patrick Flume
- Patrick Newingham
- Patty Howenstine
- Patty Price-Abbott
- Patty Reed
- Paul A. Goepfert
- Paul Bondy
- Paul Coplan
- Paul Cramer
- Paul E. Wylie
- Paul G. Matherne
- Paul H. Wakefield
- Paul J. Nugent
- Paul Kilgore
- Paul Nee
- Paul Pickrell
- Paul S. Bradley
- Paulina Miller
- Paulina Rebolledo
- Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Peta-Gay Jackson-Booth
- Pete Ducheneaux
- Peter B. Gilbert
- Peter J. Winkle
- Peter Ronco
- Philip Ponce
- Phillip Claybrook
- Phillip Levy
- Pink Folmar
- Priti Patel
- Priyantha N. Wijewardane
- Purvi Parikh
- R. Michelle Chouteau
- R. Scott McClelland
- Rachael McClennen
- Rachel Rokser
- Rafael Calderon
- Rafael Lupercio
- Rafael Mendoza
- Rajan Merchant
- Rajesh K. Davit
- Rambod Rouhbakhsh
- Ramin Herati
- Ramy J. Toma
- Raphael J. Landovitz
- Raymond Cornelison
- Rebecca Boas
- Rebecca J. Kurnat
- Rebecca P. Madan
- Rebecca Pitotti
- Rebecca Zash
- Rebone M. Maboa
- Renea Henderson
- Reuben Martinez
- Reza Parungao
- Rhodna Fouts
- Rica Santiago
- Richard Calderone
- Richard Gorman
- Richard L. Gibson
- Richard M. Glover II
- Richard M. Novak
- Richard Powell
- Richard Rupp
- Richard Starlin
- Rickey D. Manning
- Riemke Brakema
- Ripley R. Hollister
- Robert Brownlee
- Robert J. Buynak
- Robert J. Ulrich
- Robert Jeanfreau
- Robert L. Atmar
- Robert M. Grossberg
- Robert Riesenberg
- Robert S. Call
- Robert Samuels
- Robert Schmidt
- Robert Striker
- Robert W. Coombs
- Robert W. Frenck Jr.
- Roberto A. Viau Colindres
- Roberto C. Arduino
- Robin Hilder
- Robin Mason
- Robyn Hartvickson
- Rodney E. Sturgeon
- Roger J. Bedimo
- Rola G. Rucker
- Ronald Ackerman
- Ronald Lubelchek
- Roni Gray
- Rosa MacBryde
- Rosa Negron
- Rosamond Hong
- Rosario Sanchez
- Rozeli Shelly
- Rusty Greene
- Ruth Paiano
- Ruth S. Pinilla
- Ryan C. Maves
- Ryan Israelsen
- Ryan Little
- Ryan P. Starr
- Ryan Tomlinson
- S. Hasan Naqvi
- Saadia Khizer
- Sabina Raja
- Sade Tukuru
- Sally Eppenbach
- Samantha Williams
- Samira Shairi
- Sandra Erickson
- Sandra Janeth Ortega Domínguez
- Sandra Kelman
- Sandra Shelton
- Sarah Afework
- Sarah Dzigiel
- Sarah E. Rutstein
- Sarah Galloway
- Sarah Gordon
- Sarah M. Ingalsbe-Geno
- Sarah Omodele
- Satoshi Kamidani
- Sauda Muhammad
- Scott Borgetti
- Scott Kahney
- Scott N. Syndergaard
- Sebastian Garcia Escallon
- Secia Díaz-Miralrio
- Sergio E. Recuenco
- Sha-Wanda Richmond
- Shamika Huskey
- Shana Harshell
- Shanda Gower
- Shane G. Christensen
- Shannen Seversen
- Shannon Rodman
- Shannon Walker
- Sharine Phan
- Sharita Tedder-Edwards
- Sharon A. Riddler
- Sharon E. Frey
- Sharon Kohrs
- Sharon Nachman
- Sharzhaad Molina Guizar
- Shashi Kapadia
- Shauna H. Gunaratne
- Sheetal Kandiah
- Shelby Olds
- Shelby Pickle
- Sherif Naguib
- Sherrie Baker
- Sherry Lamberth
- Sheryl L. Henderson
- Shireen H. Jaffer
- Shishir K. Khetan
- Shivanjali Shankaran
- Shobha Swaminathan
- Sigridh Muñoz-Gómez
- Siham Mahgoub
- Sikhongi Phungwayo
- Silvano Omar Martínez Pérez
- Simbarashe G. Takuva
- Simmy Pinto
- Sinikka L. Green
- Sonal Munsiff
- Sonia Guerrero
- Sonja Neumeister
- Spyros A. Kalams
- Srilatha Edupuganti
- Stacy Ford
- Stacy Slechta
- Stanford Plavin
- Stefanie Mott
- Stefanie Tyson
- Stephan C. Sharp
- Stephan Hong
- Stephanie Andree
- Stephanie Rolsma
- Stephanie Skipper
- Stephanie Sterling
- Stephen A. Spector
- Stephen Daniels
- Stephen Morris
- Stephen R. Walsh
- Stephen R. Walsh
- Steve Clemons
- Steven E. Carsons
- Steven Palmer
- Steven Shinn
- Steven Shoptaw
- Steven Sperber
- Stuart H. Cohen
- Surisday Mederos
- Susan Jeanfreau
- Susan Kline
- Susan L. Koletar
- Susan Parker
- Susanne Doblecki-Lewis
- Suzanna Studdard
- Suzanne Fiorillo
- Suzanne Gharib
- Suzanne Swan
- Sybil G. Hosek
- Szheckera Fearon
- Tamara Richards
- Tambra Dora
- Tameika Scott
- Tami Wahlin
- Tammi L. Shlotzhauer
- Tana Bourgeois
- Tanya Hutchins
- Taryn Petty
- Tatiana Beresnev
- Tavane Harrison
- Taylor Nelson
- Teletha Gipson
- Teresa A. Batteiger
- Teresa Becker
- Teresa Deese
- Teresa S. Sligh
- Teri Thompson-Seim
- Terri Moye
- Terry D. Klein
- Terry L. Poling
- Terry Piedra
- Theresa Hegmann
- Thomas B. Campbell
- Thomas C. Klein
- Thomas C.S. Martin
- Thomas Mellman
- Thomas Patterson
- Thomas Weiss
- Tiffany Esinhart
- Tiffany Nemecek
- Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt
- Tilly Varughese
- Timothy J. Hatlen
- Timothy P. Vachris
- Timothy Shope
- Timothy W. Schacker
- Timothy Wilkin
- Tina Tong
- Tina Wang
- Toby Briskin
- Todd Simmons
- Tom Fiel
- Toni Robinson
- Toni White
- Tracy Okonya
- Tracy R. Klein
- Trina L. Reynolds
- Troy Holdeman
- Tyler D. Bold
- Uriel R. Felsen
- Valentine M. Ebuh
- Valeria D. Cantos
- Valerie K. Arnold
- Vanessa Abad
- Vanessa Raabe
- Veronica G. Fragoso
- Veronica Garcia-Fragoso
- Veronica Procasky
- Veronica Viar
- Vicki E. Miller
- Vickie Leathers
- Victoria Andriulis
- Victoria Engler
- Victoria Mosteller
- Victoria R. Anderson
- Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera
- Vincent Huynh
- Vincent Mirkil
- Vivek Rajasekhar
- Viviana Gonzalez
- Vladimir Berthaud
- Walter Patton
- Wanda Ramon
- Waseem Chughtai
- Wayne L. Harper
- Wayne Woo
- Wendell Lewis
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendy A. Keitel
- Wesley Campbell
- Wesley Van Ever
- Westly Keating
- Whitney West
- Will Hernandez
- William B. Davis
- William B. Smith
- William H. Jones
- William Jennings
- William Kirby
- William P. Silver
- William R. Hartman
- William S. Davis Jr.
- William Schnitz
- William Seger
- Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León
- Winston Cavert
- Xiaomi Tong
- Yaa D. Oppong
- Yi H. Wu
- Ying Huang
- Yogesh K. Paliwal
- Youyi Fong
- Yunda Huang
- Yunda Huang
- Yvonne Davis
- Zachary Bittner
- Zainab Rizvi
- Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa
- Zudi-Mwak Takizala
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health