El maurismo castellano-leonés en las elecciones generales del período 1914-1923

Producción CientíficaBasta un sucinto repaso a las grandes magnitudes electorales para comprobar la resonancia que tuvo en la actual comunidad castellano-leonesa ese grupo que, escindido del partido conservador a raíz de la Semana Trágica, se organiza como fuerza política independiente en octubre de 1913. No sólo es una de las formaciones que mayor número de candidatos presenta en el intervalo 1914-1923 y una de las pocas "familias" que alcanza dimensiones verdaderamente regionales en el sentido de que llega a la inmensa mayoría de las provincias. Es, además, la tercera fuerza electoral -a enorme distancia de conservadores y liberales pero igualmente alejada de la oposición al turno- y tiene auténtica capacidad arbitral frente a un conservadurismo que necesita de los 27 diputados mauristas para aproximarse al siempre dominante partido liberal y una oposición cuya pujanza y naturaleza intrínseca depende en buena medida de tan substantiva aportación. Ese es el problema: conocer el auténtico significado de una influencia que tanto pudo enmarcarse en la más pura ortodoxia del régimen como derivar de un efectivo impulso en favor de la pendiente movilización ciudadana. [Texto extraído del artículo de María Concepción Marcos del Olmo]

El canónigo Jéronimo García Gallego, diputado por Segovia en las Cortes Constituyentes (1931-1933)

Producción CientíficaConscientes de la intrínseca diversidad que posee el mundo católico, nos proponemos analizar la figura de Jerónimo García Gallego, el canónigo que representó a Segovia como diputado en las Constituyentes de 1931, considerando que su presentación ante los electores como republicano, católico e independiente es toda una definición política, que le identifica y diferencia de otros sectores católicos. Comprobaremos la validez de una hipótesis tal a través de lo que fueron sus intervenciones en el Parlamento al tiempo que pasamos sus planteamientos por el tamiz de una personalidad y trayectoria vital que nada tienen tampoco de habitual. Nos colocamos así en la estela de quienes llevan tiempo apostando por el estudio individualizado e identitario de los diferentes componentes que integran el universo de la derecha, sea la alternativa que encarna el Partido Agrario, el nacionalismo del doctor Albiñana, la derecha monárquica antiliberal, la derecha liberal, el republicanismo conservador o esa apuesta esencialmente católica que se escribe en plural lo mismo, al recordar la existencia de tradicionalistas y posibilistas, que en el momento de abordarla con criterios de género o desde una perspectiva generacional. El punto de partida es la elección de Jerónimo García Gallego como diputado por Segovia en el transcurso de unos comicios que analizamos en clave local, enlazando así con el formato que suelen tener los estudios de tipo electoral, pero sin olvidar componentes generales tan decisivos como la fuerte prima que entrega a las mayorías la legislación vigente.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (project HAR2011-23994

De novo heterozygous mutations in SMC3 cause a range of cornelia de lange syndrome-overlapping phenotypes

© 2015 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is characterized by facial dysmorphism, growth failure, intellectual disability, limb malformations, and multiple organ involvement. Mutations in five genes, encoding subunits of the cohesin complex (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) and its regulators (NIPBL, HDAC8), account for at least 70% of patients with CdLS or CdLS-like phenotypes. To date, only the clinical features from a single CdLS patient with SMC3 mutation has been published. Here, we report the efforts of an international research and clinical collaboration to provide clinical comparison of 16 patients with CdLS-like features caused by mutations in SMC3. Modeling of the mutation effects on protein structure suggests a dominant-negative effect on the multimeric cohesin complex. When compared with typical CdLS, many SMC3-associated phenotypes are also characterized by postnatal microcephaly but with a less distinctive craniofacial appearance, a milder prenatal growth retardation that worsens in childhood, few congenital heart defects, and an absence of limb deficiencies. While most mutations are unique, two unrelated affected individuals shared the same mutation but presented with different phenotypes. This work confirms that de novo SMC3 mutations account for ~1%-2% of CdLS-like phenotypes. Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem developmental disorder caused by mutation in five genes encoding subunits or regulators of the cohesin complex. To date, only the clinical features of the unique mildly affected CdLS male with SMC3 mutation have been published. Here, we report a series of 16 probands with 15 different intragenic mutations in SMC3 that provide a significant advance in our understanding of the clinical and molecular basis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and overlapping phenotypes.CdLS Foundation of UK and Ireland for their long-term help and support. M.A.D. and I.D.K. are indebted to the USA Cornelia de Lange Syndrome FoundationPeer Reviewe

The ecology of the Mar Menor coastal lagoon: A fast changing ecosystem under human pressure

The Mar Menor is a hypersaline coastal lagoon, with a surface area of 135 km2 and a perimeter of 59.51 km. It is located on the southwestern Mediterranean coastline (3742′00′′N, 0047′00′′W) with a mean depth of 3.6 m and a maximum depth of 6 m. “La Manga,” a sandy bar 22 km long and 100–900 m wide, acts as a barrier between the lagoon and the Mediterranean Sea. It is crossed by five more or less functional inlets called golas. Four are shallow (less than 1 m deep) and one of them, El Estacio, was widened and dug to a 5-m depth to make it a navigational channel. Altogether a total width of lagoon entrances is about 645 m, giving Mar Menor a restriction ratio of 0.015. Mar Menor is therefore a restricted lagoon according to the classification proposed by Kjerfve1 (see Chapter 6). There are two main islands and three other smaller islands, one of which is artificially connected to La Manga

Genetic diversity and connectivity remain high in Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje 1823) across a coastal lagoon-open sea environmental gradient

Coastal lagoons represent habitats with widely heterogeneous environmental conditions, particularly as regards salinity and temperature, which fluctuate in both space and time. These characteristics suggest that physical and ecological factors could contribute to the genetic divergence among populations occurring in coastal lagoon and open-coast environments. This study investigates the genetic structure of Holothuria polii at a micro-geographic scale across the Mar Menor coastal lagoon and nearby marine areas, estimating the mitochondrial DNA variation in two gene fragments, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA (16S). Dataset of mitochondrial sequences was also used to test the influence of environmental differences between coastal lagoon and marine waters on population genetic structure. All sampled locations exhibited high levels of haplotype diversity and low values of nucleotide diversity. Both genes showed contrasting signals of genetic differentiation (non-significant differences using COI and slight differences using 16S, which could due to different mutation rates or to differential number of exclusive haplotypes. We detected an excess of recent mutations and exclusive haplotypes, which can be generated as a result of population growth. However, selective processes can be also acting on the gene markers used; highly significant generalized additive models have been obtained considering genetic data from 16S gene and independent variables such as temperature and salinity.Coastal lagoons represent habitats with widely heterogeneous environmental conditions, particularly as regards salinity and temperature, which fluctuate in both space and time. These characteristics suggest that physical and ecological factors could contribute to the genetic divergence among populations occurring in coastal lagoon and open-coast environments. This study investigates the genetic structure of Holothuria polii at a micro-geographic scale across the Mar Menor coastal lagoon and nearby marine areas, estimating the mitochondrial DNA variation in two gene fragments, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA (16S). Dataset of mitochondrial sequences was also used to test the influence of environmental differences between coastal lagoon and marine waters on population genetic structure. All sampled locations exhibited high levels of haplotype diversity and low values of nucleotide diversity. Both genes showed contrasting signals of genetic differentiation (non-significant differences using COI and slight differences using 16S, which could due to different mutation rates or to differential number of exclusive haplotypes. We detected an excess of recent mutations and exclusive haplotypes, which can be generated as a result of population growth. However, selective processes can be also acting on the gene markers used; highly significant generalized additive models have been obtained considering genetic data from 16S gene and independent variables such as temperature and salinity

Realidades políticas en Castilla y León: las derechas de 1931

Producción CientíficaNos proponemos analizar la realidad que vive la derecha castellano y leonesa en los comienzos de la etapa republicana a partir de las referencias que proporcionan las elecciones a Cortes Constituyentes. Se parte de la intrínseca diversidad que posee este mundo derechista al que hoy se tiende ver con perspectivas de raíz identitaria, siendo ahí, en la constatación de esa variedad y ante la necesidad de valorar el aporte de sus diferentes componentes, donde se enmarca esta aportación destinada a conocer el peso específico de cada integrante. Algo decisivo y no solamente en orden a conocer la verdadera realidad del grupo, sino también para rastrear con un mínimo de rigor sus posibles cambios; una hipotética evolución en el tiempo que pudiera ser de gran calado si, como presumimos, el avance que experimenta la derecha regional entre 1931-1933 es mucho más que un simple fenómeno de agregación marcado por el creciente fortalecimiento de quienes originariamente eran ya los sectores más potentes. Si- como creemos- entraña un auténtico proceso de reordenación interna en el que ni siquiera puedan descartarse mutaciones político-ideológicas de alguna consideración.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (grant HAR2011-23994

Cultura de la violencia y Parlamento: los diputados Castellanos y Leoneses en las Cortes de 1936

In questo articolo l’obiettivo è quello di analizzare l’attività parlamentare (con particolare attenzione al periodo febbraio 1936) dei deputati eletti a rappresentanza delle nove provincie che compongono l’attuale comunità autonoma della Castiglia e León (Castilla y León). Lo scopo è quello di esaminare quale fu realmente l’attitudine dei deputati rispetto alla complessa situazione che attraversava allora il paese, prendendo in considerazione il comportamento adottato nei confronti del regime parlamentare. A partire da ciò, dobbiamo tenere in considerazione che si tratta di un gruppo rappresentativo diverso nel tempo, dotato di un substrato omogeneizzante: lo speciale impegno verso il parlamentarismo e la democrazia alla quale, in teoria, dovevano la loro carica, risulta qui un elemento coercitivo fondamentale per comprendere quali divergenze politiche si stabilirono e quale particolare significato scaturì da questa esperienza.This article analyses the behavior of the elected members of parliament (on February 1936), who represented the nine regions comprising the current autonomous community of Castilla y León. The research tries to identify their attitude to the crucial moment the country is living, and focusing on their commitment to the parliamentary system currently in force. We consider it as a representative group due to its diversity, and to the fact that all the members shared a common aspect: their special commitment to parliamentary system and democracy, which had provided them with their possessions; according to this, any departure from that line in this group has a special meaning.Se pretende analizar la actividad parlamentaria de los diputados elegidos en representación de las nueve provincias que componen la actual comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León a fin de rastrear su actitud ante el crucial momento que vive el país, con específica atención a lo que pueda ser su compromiso con el vigente régimen parlamentario. Consideramos que se trata de un grupo representativo en su diversidad al tiempo que dotado del mejor sustrato homogeneizador: su especial compromiso con el parlamentarismo y la democracia a los que, siquiera en teoría, deben su cargo, por lo que cualquier desviación al respecto adquiere en ellos un especial significado

La «Obra Pro Culto y Clero» en las diócesis de Castilla y León (1931-1936)

The present paper delves into the, devised to warrant the maintenance of the Catholic worship and ministers in a moment when the government first reduces and then suppresses the endowment traditionally devoted to this end in the State’s General Budget. Whereas, it is considered an organizational structure that cannot escape the homogeneity imposed by such a hierarchical institution as the Catholic Church, it was also at the same time able to adapt somehow to the diocesan reality, the level where, in the end, this new form of economic organization must find true expression.El presente artículo se adentra en la «Obra Pro Culto y Clero», concebida para garantizar el sostenimiento del culto y los ministros de la religión católica en un momento en que el gobierno redujo primero y suprimió después la dotación que tradicionalmente dedicaba a este fin en los presupuestos del Estado. Se considera una estructura organizativa diseñada desde la homogeneidad que impone una institución tan jerarquizada como la Iglesia pero susceptible al mismo tiempo de una cierta adaptación a las realidades diocesanas, el plano en el que al fin y a la postre ha de concretarse esta nueva forma de organización económica

As reformas da Segunda República: modelo político e questão religiosa

Producción CientíficaTal e como deveu ocorrer entre os espanhóis que viveram os feitos, nunca a historiografia se mostrou unânime na hora de aceitar uma genérica identificação entre República e democracia. Muito menos hoje que se conhece a força que alcança a exclusão política, evidencia-se uma e outra vez a sobrevivência de comportamentos “tradicionais”, incide-se no atropelo às minorias que consagra a lei eleitoral de 19333 e nas limitações que impõe a Lei de Defesa da República à tarefa de proselitismo ou detalham-se as lacunas que possui a política de igualdade de gênero. A ninguém escapa, contudo, a outra face da moeda; isto é, a existência de reais avanços tanto no referente à reparação dos costumes electorales como em matéria de direitos femininos, dos aspectos chave para o escoramento de um modelo político que se define igualmente pelo que tem de vocação parlamentarista e de mão estendida às aspirações da Espanha periférica, ainda que a solução dada a este último assunto - o mesmo que às questões obreira e religiosa - seja motivo de evidente desconforto para políticos como lcalá Zamora, Santiago Alba, Melquiades Álvarez ou Alejandro Lerroux, cujo liberalismo democrático sempre se inclinou a favor do primeiro fim.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (project HAR2011-23994

Stabilisation of mixed peptide/lipid complexes in selective antifungal hexapeptides

AbstractThe design of antimicrobial peptides could have benefited from structural studies of known peptides having specific activity against target microbes, but not toward other microorganisms. We have previously reported the identification of a series of peptides (PAF-series) active against certain postharvest fungal phytopathogens, and devoid of toxicity towards E. coli and S. cerevisiae [López-Garcı́a et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 (2002) 2453]. The peptides inhibited the conidia germination and hyphal growth. Here, we present a comparative structural characterisation of selected PAF peptides obtained by single-amino-acid replacement, which differ in biological activity. The peptides were characterised in solution using fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. Membrane and membrane mimetic–peptide interactions and the lipid-bound structures were studied using fluorescence with the aid of extrinsic fluorescent probes that allowed the identification of mixed peptide/lipid complexes. A direct correlation was found between the capability of complex formation and antifungal activity. These studies provide a putative structural basis for the mechanism of action of selective antifungal peptides