Congruence modularity implies cyclic terms for finite algebras

An n-ary operation f : A(n) -> A is called cyclic if it is idempotent and f(a(1), a(2), a(3), ... , a(n)) = f(a(2), a(3), ... , a(n), a(1)) for every a(1), ... , a(n) is an element of A. We prove that every finite algebra A in a congruence modular variety has a p-ary cyclic term operation for any prime p greater than vertical bar A vertical bar

Singly generated quasivarieties and residuated structures

A quasivariety K of algebras has the joint embedding property (JEP) iff it is generated by a single algebra A. It is structurally complete iff the free countably generated algebra in K can serve as A. A consequence of this demand, called "passive structural completeness" (PSC), is that the nontrivial members of K all satisfy the same existential positive sentences. We prove that if K is PSC then it still has the JEP, and if it has the JEP and its nontrivial members lack trivial subalgebras, then its relatively simple members all belong to the universal class generated by one of them. Under these conditions, if K is relatively semisimple then it is generated by one K-simple algebra. It is a minimal quasivariety if, moreover, it is PSC but fails to unify some finite set of equations. We also prove that a quasivariety of finite type, with a finite nontrivial member, is PSC iff its nontrivial members have a common retract. The theory is then applied to the variety of De Morgan monoids, where we isolate the sub(quasi)varieties that are PSC and those that have the JEP, while throwing fresh light on those that are structurally complete. The results illuminate the extension lattices of intuitionistic and relevance logics

In-cell NMR characterization of the secondary structure populations of a disordered conformation of α-Synuclein within E. coli cells

α-Synuclein is a small protein strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. We report here the use of in-cell NMR spectroscopy to observe directly the structure and dynamics of this protein within E. coli cells. To improve the accuracy in the measurement of backbone chemical shifts within crowded in-cell NMR spectra, we have developed a deconvolution method to reduce inhomogeneous line broadening within cellular samples. The resulting chemical shift values were then used to evaluate the distribution of secondary structure populations which, in the absence of stable tertiary contacts, are a most effective way to describe the conformational fluctuations of disordered proteins. The results indicate that, at least within the bacterial cytosol, α-synuclein populates a highly dynamic state that, despite the highly crowded environment, has the same characteristics as the disordered monomeric form observed in aqueous solution

Professional Interests in the Early Youth: Peculiarities of Boys and Girls

We give the results of research interests in choosing a profession among high school students. The sample consisted of 859 people, 385 of them were boys and 474 were girls between the ages of 14 and 18. The purpose of the study is to study the differences in interests between young men and women that we identified earlier inthe professional fields of technology and art in relation to other professional spheres. For the study, the results of computer testing, using the ‘Proforientator’ method, were used. Studies have made it possible to identify the psychological construct as a community of interests in the professional fields of technology, science and sign.Another distinguished psychological construct is the combination of interests of art, communication, business and sign. It is shown that there are specific, reflecting gender identity in addition to the common interests in the professional socialization among boys and girls. The following specific features are revealed: interest in technology among young men is an additional combination with interests in the professions of business and art. So, girls have an additional combination of interests in the fields of nature and communication but young men have interest in art and it is combined with interests in the professions of science and nature. Keywords: interests, professional socialization, professional spheres, career guidance work with teenager

Gender Approach in Professional Orientation of School Students

The Constitution of Russia states that women have the same right to education and professional employment and have the right to equal pay for equal work. However, similarly to most countries, gender asymmetry is observed in Russian labor market. In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the topic of gender socialization and its connection to professional self-determination. Our article is devoted to the gender-related aspects of school students’ career choice. We rely on the most recognized methodology in Russia developed by A.G. Shmelev’s group: computer-assisted test battery “Proforientator”.Our research has shown statistically significant differences in future career preferences of male and female students aged between 14 and 18 in all spheres, with the exception of “Communication”. Young men of early adolescence showed great interest in such professional spheres as “Technology”, “Science”, “Business”, “Sign”, and “Risk” while high school girls showed a strong inclination to “Art” and “Nature”. Thus, thisdistribution of preferences can be considered as a gender-dependent. Our study has also identified masculine characteristics in females and feminine characteristics in males in the formation of their professional interests. We believe that it is important to take into account the process of gender socialization when working to support the professional self-determination of young people. The revealed regularities require further research. Keywords: gender, gender socialization, professional self-determination, interests. professional spheres, professional orientation