Havening

Havening explores, through the creative nonfiction genre, the life and work of horticulturist-philosopher Liberty Hyde Bailey, Jr. (1858-1854), the life experiences of the present author, and the small hometown of South Haven that they both share. It presents the tension of living a life that strives to balance academicism with creativity and energy, and pushes the question of Bailey\u27s relevance as a voice for our time. This monograph is primarily an artwork, not a scholarly paper

The Submissive, the Angel, and the Mad Woman in District 12: Feminine Identity in Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games

The social roles women are given in literature are often debated by critics. This essay discusses the treatment and perceptions of female characters in Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games trilogy. Throughout the trilogy, the male characters shape the identities of the female characters through language and enforcing Western gender roles. Katniss, Prim, and their mother each fill different roles typically assigned to women. Katniss is a submissive female; Prim is the innocent angel in the household; and their mother portrays a mad woman that cannot cope with reality. These characters—Katniss in particular—are often misconstrued by audiences and critics. Katniss is often described as a brave, independent, strong lead female character. However, this role is debatable. This essay utilizes feminist theory to examine the roles the female characters are given in the novels in order to argue the women are forced into stereotypical gender roles

Integration of Literature into an Online Creative Writing Classroom

The study of Literature was once the cornerstone of a creative writer\u27s training, but lost significance when creative writing workshops became the pedagogical vehicle of choice. Online instruction provides technological and logistical advantages that bring the study of literature back to the forefront of creative writing instructional theory. A presentation of an upper level, literature focused, online creative writing course illustrates how creative writing and the study of great writers can be effectively integrated in an online environment

Spontaneous Mutation: A Sudden Change in the Evolution of the Written Description Requirement as It Applies to Genetic Patents

This Article examines the recent history of the ways in which the courts have applied the written description requirement to gene patents, with a particular focus on the changes in the law wrought by the July 2002 decision in Enzo Biochem, Inc. v. Gen-Probe Inc. The author begins by describing the written description requirement of 35 U.S.C. § 112 for a patent application. Then, the author discusses recent case law influencing the evolution of the written description requirement for patenting genetic material. Next, he discusses the decision in the first Enzo case, which seemed to follow established case law and articulated that an invention may not be described by its function in order to fulfill the written description requirement. However, the author goes on to discuss the second Enzo decision, in which the Court held that a patent may be described by its function if a known correlation between function and structure exists; the written description requirement may be satisfied by reference in the specification to a deposit of the genetic material in a public depository when the practical difficulties of describing the genetic material make a written description unavailable. These decisions were made relying upon patent guidelines rather than prior case law. The author concludes that this latest Enzo decision has shifted the direction of the development of the written description requirement for DNA patents, but has also created some uncertainty, such as whether litigants should rely on patent guidelines or previous case law

From Parent to Child: The Effects of a Home Learning Program on Attitudes and Achievements

Literacy is shared value in our culture, yet many adults are unable or unwilling to read. Research indicates that the beginnings of literacy occur long before formal education. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Preschool Reading Experience Program on the attitudes and pre-reading skills of four- and five-year-old children. The subjects were 96 children enrolled in four San Diego preschools, and their parents. The methodology was quasi-experimental with a treatment and a control group. Interactions of sex, age, and type of preschool were also considered. Results of the quantitative data indicated that children who participated in PREP increased their skills in the areas of letter and word recognition. Attitude measures indicated no significant effect. Results of the qualitative data indicated positive changes in attitudes as well as pre-reading skills. The interactions of sex, age and type of school were all non-significant. An investigation of the home literary environments of the participants suggested three factors that may affect and encourage early reading: onset age of reading aloud, frequency of library use and the education level of the parents. Parents in the treatment group expressed an eagerness to participate in their children\u27s early reading experiences. Progress in the program, however, was consistently reported to be child and not parent directed

Role of three-body interactions in formation of bulk viscosity in liquid argon

With the aim of locating the origin of discrepancy between experimental and computer simulation results on bulk viscosity of liquid argon, a molecular dynamic simulation of argon interacting via ab initio pair potential and triple-dipole three-body potential has been undertaken. Bulk viscosity, obtained using Green-Kubo formula, is different from the values obtained from modeling argon using Lennard-Jones potential, the former being closer to the experimental data. The conclusion is made that many-body inter-atomic interaction plays a significant role in formation of bulk viscosity.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Correlations in liquid water for the TIP3P-Ewald, TIP4P-2005, TIP5P-Ewald, and SWM4-NDP models.

Water is one of the simplest molecules in existence, but also one of the most important in biological and engineered systems. However, understanding the structure and dynamics of liquid water remains a major scientific challenge. Molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water were performed using the water models TIP3P-Ewald, TIP4P-2005, TIP5P-Ewald, and SWM4-NDP to calculate the radial distribution functions (RDFs), the relative angular distributions, and the excess enthalpies, entropies, and free energies. In addition, lower-order approximations to the entropy were considered, identifying the fourth-order approximation as an excellent estimate of the full entropy. The second-order and third-order approximations are ~20% larger and smaller than the true entropy, respectively. All four models perform very well in predicting the radial distribution functions, with the TIP5P-Ewald model providing the best match to the experimental data. The models also perform well in predicting the excess entropy, enthalpy, and free energy of liquid water. The TIP4P-2005 and SWM4-NDP models are more accurate than the TIP3P-Ewald and TIP5P-Ewald models in this respect. However, the relative angular distribution functions of the four water models reveal notable differences. The TIP5P-Ewald model demonstrates an increased preference for water molecules to act both as tetrahedral hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, whereas the SWM4-NDP model demonstrates an increased preference for water molecules to act as planar hydrogen bond acceptors. These differences are not uncovered by analysis of the RDFs or the commonly employed tetrahedral order parameter. However, they are expected to be very important when considering water molecules around solutes and are thus a key consideration in modelling solvent entropy.Acknowledgements go to Mike Payne for careful reading of the paper; Peter Freddolino, Chris Baker, David Payne, and Bracken King for helpful discussions; Stuart Rankin for technical help; and the NVIDIA CUDA Centre of Excellence at the Cambridge HPCS for use of the CUDA-accelerated GPUs. Thanks also go to the reviewers for their helpful comments. All calculations were performed using the Darwin Supercomputer of the University of Cambridge High Performance Computing Service (http://www.hpc.cam.ac.uk/) provided by Dell Inc. using Strategic Research Infrastructure Funding from the Higher Education Funding Council for England and were funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Consul (United Kingdom) (EPSRC) under Grant No. EP/F032773/1. Thanks for financial support go to the MRC, Wellcome Trust, and EPSRC.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from AIP Publishing via http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368344

A portfolio approach to capital project management

The proposition of this dissertation is that superior capital budgeting solutions can be attained by not only analyzing projects individually but rather as part of a portfolio of projects that has the objective of maximizing the company’s range of multiple objectives, not only the economic benefit. The dissertation starts with a detailed study of current techniques and an assessment of flaws and shortcomings. This study concludes with the requirements that any new approach or model must address in order to improve on the current practices. Based on these requirements, a new model is developed based on the portfolio approach that integrates all the assumptions, constraints, project and variable interrelationships. An important feature of the model is that it selects its portfolio of capital projects in such a way that it optimizes support for the company’s multiple objectives, not only the economic objective. The dissertation concludes with the application of this model to a hypothetical case. It is concluded that, by developing and using this model, a company can improve the analysis required before capital budgets are finalized.Dissertation (MEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006.Industrial and Systems Engineeringunrestricte