Planning for sharing neighbourhoods - Negotiating sustainable transition with adaptive governance models

Thorough sharing is discussed as a promise concept to reduce emissions and enable sustainable development, little is known how the diverse approaches of sharing ranging from Collective Commons to the Sharing Economy can be incorporated in the development of the built environment. In this study, we set the spotlight on sharing and how it could be implemented as a guiding principle in neighbourhood development. We build our study on an empirical case study within the new planned zero emission neighbourhood development of Ydalir within the city of Elverum, Norway. Building on document analysis, accompanying research and a one-day workshop with diverse stakeholders, we identified respective sharing solutions to create social value for future Ydalir residents. The findings let us draw the picture of an adaptive governance model to initiate and facilitate sharing within a multi-stakeholder setting of a new planned neighbourhood development.publishedVersio

Sustainable Building Renovation in Residential Buildings: Barriers and Potential Motivations in Norwegian Culture

Retrofit of existing housing increases the possibility of meeting Sustainable Development Goals. Improving quality of life, minimising energy consumption and increasing productivity in buildings process with the aim of affordable housing (social, environmental, and economic sustainability) set new demands for renovation amongst residential housing in Norway. Most studies to date emphasised on mitigation of CO2 emissions in building sector through building renovations. However, recent studies started evaluating why such renovation plans may not be considered by property owners. This study investigates potential barriers and motivations for Sustainable Building Renovations (SBR) from house-owners’ perspective and discusses the role of urban Facility Management (FM) in promoting SBR. Results from a questionnaire survey with 341 citizens in Trondheim city, Norway, confirm economic issues as the main barrier for SBR with respondents suggesting different forms of financial support to resolve these barriers. Social engagement of citizens with public/private partners and neighbours illustrates the collective motivation for SBR. This requires an intermediary role like urban FM engaging citizens to co-create their needs in urban areas with public/private sectors. The output of this study helps to promote urban FM engaging with SBR targets through renovation of neighbourhoods

Utforskning av samarbeidspraksis for informasjons-styringssystemer fra prosjektoverlevering til Facilities Management

Hovedmålet med forskingsprosjektet «Utforskning av samarbeidspraksis for in¬formasjonsstyringssystemer fra prosjektoverlevering til Facility Management (FM/FDV)» har vært å utforske hvilke prosesser som både muliggjør og begrenser inte¬grasjonen av digitale data fra prosjektering og bygging til bruk i Facility Management og ved bruk av bygninger. Vi har belyst hvordan digital overlevering av data med fokus på FM/FDV og prosjektledelse blir gjennomført i praksis ved studier av tre rehabiliteringsprosjekter. Prosjekt Norge (prosjektnorge.no) har støttet prosjektarbeidet som har vært ledet av Institutt for arkitektur og planlegging ved NTNU i samarbeid med Multiconsult, Statsbygg, Ahus og SINTEF Community. Dataoverlevering fra et byggeprosjekt til drift er fortsatt utfordrende, noe som begrenser utviklingen av eiendomsforvaltning/FM og bruk av teknologier slik som Building Information Models (BIM). I dette forprosjektet har vi undersøkt dagens utfordringer og muligheter ved å se på dataoverføring fra bygging til drift og FDV i et helhetlig livsløpsperspektiv for bygg, anlegg og eiendom (BAE) i Norge. Rappor¬ten inkluderer også et internasjonalt prosjektledelsesperspektiv basert på studier i Storbritannia og Danmark. Prosjektet gir òg en oversikt over aktuelle standarder og veiledninger for livslang datahåndtering i byggeprosjekter. I prosjektarbeidet har vi undersøkt bruken av standardiserte klassifiseringssystemer, utviklet BIM-veiledning og gitt innspill til rammeverket «Neste steg», utviklet av Bygg21. I tillegg til en gjennomgang av litteratur og teori, har vi vektlagt å samle inn praktiske erfaringer ved å se på tre rehabiliteringsprosjekter og gjennomføre en workshop. Vi har intervjuet åtte aktører i FDV, prosjektledelse og byggeledelse, hvor alle aktørene hadde roller og praktiske erfaringer med rehabiliteringsprosjek¬tene. Disse delte sine erfaringer knyttet til datalevering fra de som jobber med det. I workshopen, hvor 12 personer fra ulike BAE-fag deltok, diskuterte vi hvordan bran¬sjen kan forbedre datalevering mellom prosjekt og drift. Vi har identifisert spesifikke utfordringene i praksis ved integrasjon av data fra overlevering av prosjekt til eien¬domsforvaltning i et livsløpsperspektiv. Det som kjennetegner gode prosesser i grensesnittet prosjekt og FM/FDV er ko¬ordinering av informasjonskontroll og veiledning for overlevering av data til FDV-systemer. Dette gjenspeiles i bransjens perspektiv på hvordan en lykkes med prosjek¬ter. Samtidig er det tydelig at gjennomføringen av prosessene ofte er utfordrende, spesielt i små rehabiliteringsprosjekter. Disse prosjektene er avhengig av kompetente prosjektledere ettersom det er mindre ressurser i små prosjekter sammenlignet med store prosjekter. I likhet med store prosjekter har små prosjekter også behov for god kommunikasjon mellom deltakerne i prosjektet for å skape en felles forståelse om hvordan en kan gjennomføre dataleveringsprosesser. FM/FDV har ofte utfordringer med å finne informasjonen de trenger i dataene de mottar fra prosjektfasen, og det resulterer i mye bortkastet tid med datahåndtering FDV-fasen. Dette kan også skyl¬des at terminologien som brukes for objekter i bygningsmodelleringssystemer er an¬nerledes enn terminologien som brukes i FM/FDV. Kunnskapsoverføring fra prosjekt til drift og omvendt er i liten grad systematisert i bransjen. For å utvikle kunnskapso¬verføring er det nødvendig å ha et rammeverk som kan gi bedre samspill mellom de forskjellige faser i livsløpløpet for bygninger. I dag er det ofte slik at kunnskapsoverføring gjennomføres ad hoc fra FDV-perspek¬tivet når de blir invitert til å delta i prosjektet. Og svært ofte kommer invitasjonen til å delta sent, slik at det tidsmessig er vanskelig å delta i de tidlige fasene. FM/FDV-an¬svarlige har ikke en formell rolle for medvirkning i planleggings- og byggefasene, så de blir bare engasjert i prosjektet om de har tid og ressurs. Men uten et skikkelig rammeverk for å engasjere FDV i de tidlige fasene er slikt engasjement ikke alltid mulig. FDV kan bidra til overføring av informasjon fra prosjekter på følgende måter: Definere hvilke typer informasjon FDV trenger fra byggeprosjekter Gi kunnskap om innvirkningen av endringer i data/systemer som er gjort under et rehabiliteringsprosjekter og hvilke innvirkning dette har på eksisterende FDV-systemer Gi kunnskap om FDV-erfaring i eksisterende bygninger som kan brukes til å utvikle rehabiliteringsprosjekter Gjennom forskningsprosjektet har vi sett at det er behov for å utvikle systemer for og dokumentasjon av prosesser for koordinering og kontroll av informasjonsflyten. Det er også nødvendig med et rammeverk for bedre samspill mellom FDV og de som jobber med gjennomføringen av byggeprosjekter. Det er et behov for koordi¬neringsprosesser og samspill for å få et godt samarbeid mellom forskjellige fagper¬soner og for å sikre kontinuerlig bruk av informasjon på tvers av faser i bygningens livssyklus.publishedVersio

Contextualizing learning approaches which shape BIM for maintenance

Purpose: Studies of BIM examine the potential benefits in maintenance. There is also a perspective maintenance teams should be involved early in the building project process. There is little understanding on learning processes for BIM in maintenance in the early building project stage which this paper sets out to address. Methodology: Case study is used to examine the context maintenance learn about BIM. Maintenance managers and project managers were interviewed where discussions centered on a new build project which introduced BIM and how it would impact current practices. Findings: Learning happens at the early building project stage for BIM into maintenance influenced by external and internal contexts. The external context focuses on the UK government on being a catalyst for explorative learning. Meaning is added by maintenance teams through exploiting what is learnt from the external influence which is contextualized within current activities. Internal shaping of BIM is explored through building scenarios and exploitation learning occurs from past experiences of change which are inferred onto BIM. There is a necessary balance between exploration and exploitation learning in order to shape BIM for maintenance. Research limitation/implications: The paper is limited to one case study however, it takes an in-depth look at the development of BIM in maintenance and how it is understood in maintenance. Originality/value: The contribution of the paper examines the context of learning in which BIM is shaped in maintenance

Planning for sharing neighbourhoods - Negotiating sustainable transition with adaptive governance models

Thorough sharing is discussed as a promise concept to reduce emissions and enable sustainable development, little is known how the diverse approaches of sharing ranging from Collective Commons to the Sharing Economy can be incorporated in the development of the built environment. In this study, we set the spotlight on sharing and how it could be implemented as a guiding principle in neighbourhood development. We build our study on an empirical case study within the new planned zero emission neighbourhood development of Ydalir within the city of Elverum, Norway. Building on document analysis, accompanying research and a one-day workshop with diverse stakeholders, we identified respective sharing solutions to create social value for future Ydalir residents. The findings let us draw the picture of an adaptive governance model to initiate and facilitate sharing within a multi-stakeholder setting of a new planned neighbourhood development

Identifying and supporting exploratory and exploitative models of innovation in municipal urban planning; key challenges from seven Norwegian energy ambitious neighborhood pilots

The planning of energy ambitious neighborhood pilots in Norway typically begin with the creation of holistic and socially ambitious visions based on extensive stakeholder collaboration, citizen insight generation and vision setting. However, as projects move from planning to implementation, the exploratory innovation methods are replaced by exploitative approaches. ‘The holistic vision and in particular, citizens’ described needs, fail to transfer into the implementation phase. This paper identifies four main challenges as to why this happens and link these to theory on ambidextrous organizations that need to exploit existing knowledge while reaching into the future with its rapidly changing goals and technological opportunities. Implementing stakeholders are familiar with exploitative tools, which build on earlier experience and capabilities of the selected implementing stakeholders, and the implementation stage leaves little time and resources for innovation on a lower hierarchical level. While extensive research on smart and integrated planning focus on ‘breaking down the silos’ meaning sectors and disciplines, our findings argue that the need to manage ambidextrous organizations and support both exploratoryand exploitative innovation is equally important. An ambidextrous organization is one that has the ability to be efficient in its management of today's business while being adaptable for coping with the changing demand of tomorrow. We propose a model in which the organizational style and management style of innovative neighborhood pilots focus more on how to transfer knowledge and learn from the bottom-up and horizontally through management that foster both innovation modelspublishedVersio

Ambivalence, designing users, and user imaginaries in the European smart grid: Insights from an interdisciplinary demonstration project

The gradual implementation of smart grid solutions is accompanied by an increased concern amongst researchers and policymakers for the role of users in such systems. For smart grids to perform as expected, the role of users in electricity systems must change. One approach to technology-user relationships proposes that the chance of success increases through involving users in the design and development of technologies. This article reports on a research project that set out to involve what was perceived as active and competent users in the design of feedback technologies. We explore how users were imagined in the project, and how the idea of active user participation was shadowed by an ambivalent and paradoxical view of users as knowledge deficient and incompetent. The case illustrates how the boundaries between involving users and by-passing users becomes blurred. Through this, we contribute to the knowledge on how user imaginaries and future expectations influence research and innovation processes, illustrating how traditional models of knowledge deficiency can lead to minimal user engagement

Urban Facility Management

This paper aims to illustrate where facility management (FM) is having an impact on the urban environment and what other work needs to be done to easier facilitate achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This is important for practices as it highlights opportunities where the FM discipline can develop and to research to illustrate where the discipline is going. The societal benefit is that we see Urban FM as an intermediator between citizens, public and private practices providing the platform of how they can work together for mutual benefit. The method used is a literature review, looking latest state-of-art in the mentioned field has been assessed and the developments along with potential future research focuses, have been identified. The current scope to expand FM role were also taken into consideration from a recent workshop at the EuroFM conferences 2019 and 2020, several presentations at the CIB World Congress Hong Kong 2019, CIRRE 2018 and 2019, and special Facilities’ issue, illustrating how FM works within Urban environments and the potential contribution the discipline makes on neighbourhoods, communities and broader city-scale. The authors present how FM fits in with a Smart and Sustainable City context by positioning communities as core for meeting SDGs, but they often fall out of needs perspective for hard and soft services. Since 2018, the authors have intensely worked on this topic developing conference papers at both a European and international level. The topic of Urban FM is growing in importance based on out interactions at these conferences and interactions with FM network groups. In addition, the authors have been identifying gaps, with communities that are currently not being met by current urban practice perspectives but could be met through an Urban FM practice perspective. They have engaged an educational perspective of Urban FM by developing workshops, summer schools with students from around Europe and new courses. With a specific focus on this concept, it is important to branch out ideas and disseminate of what a more structured urban FM is. Smart and Sustainable Cities has been a focus for many years now from various perspectives such as urban planning and technology providing solutions and frameworks on how to manage increasing populations in cities. What these studies neglect is a service-oriented perspective supporting the livability requirements and social values of future and current communities living in cities which goes beyond operating and maintaining infrastructure of cities. This neglect which highlights the need to develop an understanding where FM expands its role in the urban environment. The aim is to highlight solidify research that is happening in this area where FM links to the urban environment and the benefit it has in terms of sustainability. It illustrates to practice and teaching that the concept of FM is relevant within an urban environment, creates stronger connections within and between citizens and cities and illustrate how Urban FM is necessary in facilitating community facilities. Keywords: Sustainable development, Communities, Facilities management, Urban areas, Well-being, Smart cities, Urban FM, Sustainability, Health and well-being, Urban development, Community, PPP

Shaping Tomorrows Facilities Management

Purpose – Against the background of earlier publications on the future of facilities management (FM) and acknowledging digitalization and sustainability as two major shaping forces, the purpose of this paper is to place contributions to the special issue in the perspective of current opportunities for FM research. Design/methodology/approach – After a review of publications since the 1980s, dealing with the future of FM, there is an analysis of how the forces of digitalization and sustainability have emerged over five decades. The articles of this special issue are introduced against this background. Opportunities for future FM research are identified, and the relation between research, education and practice is discussed. Findings – Megatrends outlined in the 1980s still shape how FM develops. Digitalization supports sustainability not only through workplace change and building design but also through performance measurement, certification schemes and an awareness of the wider urban context. Research limitations/implications – Opportunities for FM research are created by digitalization and concerns with sustainability, combining environmental and social aspects. Relations between organizations studied in an FM context are important. Within organizations, employee issues and risk management are emphasized. Practical implications – Policies and schemes for sustainable buildings should be linked to sustainable FM more clearly. The relation between research, education and practice needs to be consolidated as a basis for research and development, as illustrated by a number of studies belonging to this special issue. To reach the goals of sustainable development, we need to develop the knowledge and theoretical frameworks that can be applied to and used by practice. The recent ISO FM definition appears as narrow and should be extended to recognize facilities’ life-cycle issues as well as broader urban and social concerns. Originality/value – This paper highlights the importance of basing FM research on an understanding of the fundamental forces that shape change

Renovating the retrofit process: People-centered business models and co-created partnerships for low-energy buildings in Norway

Building energy retrofit is not only an efficient approach to increase energy efficiency through technical installations, but also has great potential to improve social acceptance through co-creation. However, there are many existing residential buildings with low energy efficiency in need of retrofit, which is currently not being done. This paper aims to examine the barriers to conducting the residential building retrofit and co-created a suitable business model to overcome these challenges and improve social acceptance. Thirty-nine deep interviews and a workshop with representatives from people (residential building owners), public and private sectors were conducted. The results show that the barriers include lack of information sharing and consulting, limited resources and knowledge, and risks of not achieving the expected energy efficiency. Then a public–private-people partnerships (PPPP) business model is co-created to overcome the barriers by improving information sharing, making use of operational experience and financial resources from the private sector, as well as political and financial support from the public sector. Furthermore, the results illustrate the value of co-creating, by considering how the different sectors’ wishes can be negotiated. It includes agility to adapt to the complex challenges by being open to ongoing suggestions instead of established planning and the scope to lead to new cooperation among the different sectors in the co-creation communication process. For further study, more workshops with participants from a wider range of backgrounds are needed to further refine the model and explore an efficient method to balance the power of different participants in the co-creation process. Keywords : PPPP; Public-private-people partnerships; EPC; energy performance contractin