Fysisk prestation och matchkrav inom elitfotboll - Samband mellan smålagsspel och de mest intensiva perioder inom fotboll

De fysiska kraven hos elitfotbollsspelare är stora och såväl aerob som anaerob förmåga är viktiga för prestationen. Individuella skillnader i fysisk kapacitet spelare emellan är välkänt men individuell träningsplanering med lämplig belastning för att optimera spelares enskilda behov är inte lika väl studerat. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan spelares matchkrav i fotboll i form av högintensiva perioder (peakperioder) och träningsrespons på smålagsspel. Vi har studerat individuella spelares högintensiva perioder i match, olika typer av smålagsspel (4v4, 6v6 och 8v8) och andra fysiska tester. Studien har en kvantitativ experimentell design där GPS-data i fotboll är analyserad. 17 elitfotbollsspelare (Ålder 23.7 ± 4.8 år, vikt 76.4 ± 4.8 kg, längd 181.1 ± 5.2 cm) från allsvenskan och superettan i svensk herrfotboll deltog i studien. Resultaten visar att olika typer av smålagsspel belastar spelarna på olika sätt, där vissa fysiska variabler har ett medel (>0.30) till stark korrelation (>0.70), medan andra variabler visar en svag (>0.10) till ingen korrelation (<0.10). Sambandet mellan fysiska tester och matchkrav i form av peakperioder visar att endast Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) kan ha en relevant användning för att förutse prestation i peakperioder. Information om vilken typ av smålagsspel som har vilken effekt och hur de belastar spelaren samt matchkrav på individ- och gruppnivå kan underlätta för tränaren vid utformning av träningsplanering. Slutligen krävs mer forskning inom området för att säkerhetsställa att tillämpningen av smålagsspel samt de fysiska testerna, gentemot matchkraven i form av peakperioder, blir så matchlik och optimal som möjligt

O USO DE ÍNDICES DE AVALIAÇÃO COMO ARGUMENTO DE QUALIDADE DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR

CpGs differentially methylated in lung DNA in relation to COPD vs. non-smokers (P < 0.01). (CSV 273 kb

Facet-Dependent Atomic Distances Shape Vanadate Adsorption Complexes on Hematite Nanocrystals

The environmental fate of vanadate (V(V)) is significantly influenced by iron oxide nanocrystals through adsorption. Nevertheless, the underlying driving force controlling V(V) adsorption on hematite (Fe2O3) facets is poorly understood. Herein, V(V) adsorption on the {001}, {110}, and {214} Fe2O3 facets was explored using batch adsorption experiments, spectroscopic studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Adsorption experiments suggested that the order of V(V) adsorption capacity followed {001} > {110} > {214}. However, the affinity of V(V) to the {001} facet was the weakest, as evidenced by its least resistance to phosphate and sulfate competition. Our extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study indicated the formation of the inner-sphere monodentate mononuclear (1V) complex on the {001} facet and bidentate corner-sharing (2C) complexes on the {110} and {214} facets. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed the 1V complex is preferable when the adjacent Fe–Fe atomic distance is significantly larger than the O–O atomic distance of V(V). Otherwise, the 2C complex is formed if the distance is comparable. This determining factor in surface complex formation can be safely extended to other oxyanions that the compatibility in the atomic distance of Fe–Fe on Fe2O3 facets and O–O in oxyanions shapes the surface complex. The molecular-level understanding of the facet-dependent adsorption mechanism provides the basis for the design and application of oxyanion adsorbents

Insights from Arsenate Adsorption on Rutile (110): Grazing-Incidence X‑ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy and DFT+U Study

Insights into the bonding of As­(V) at the metal oxide/aqueous interface can further our understanding of its fate and transport in the environment. The motivation of this work is to explore the interfacial configuration of As­(V) on single crystal rutile (110) using grazing-incidence X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (GI-XAFS) and planewave density functional calculations with on-site repulsion (DFT+U). In contrast to the commonly considered corner-sharing bidentate binuclear structure, tetrahedral As­(V) binds as an edge/corner-sharing tridentate binuclear complex on rutile (110), as evidenced by observation of three As–Ti distances at 2.83, 3.36, and 4.05 Å. In agreement with the GI-XAFS analysis, our DFT+U calculations for this configuration resulted in the lowest adsorption energy among five possible alternatives. In addition, the electron density difference further demonstrated the transfer of charge between surface Ti atoms and O atoms in AsO₄. This charge transfer consequently induced the formation of a chemical bond, which is also confirmed by the partial density of states analysis. Our results may shed new light on coupling the GI-XAFS and DFT approaches to explore molecular-scale adsorption mechanisms on single crystal surfaces

Molecular Insights into Ternary Surface Complexation of Arsenite and Cadmium on TiO₂

Insights from molecular-level mechanisms of arsenite [As­(III)] and cadmium (Cd) co-adsorption on TiO₂ can further our understanding of their synergistic removal in industrial wastewaters. The motivation for our study is to explore the interfacial interactions of neutrally charged As­(III) and cationic Cd²⁺ on nanocrystalline TiO₂ using multiple complementary techniques. The results of adsorption edge, ζ potential, and surface complexation modeling suggest that coexistence of As­(III) and Cd²⁺ enhanced their synergistic adsorption on TiO₂ and, consequently, resulted in the formation of a ternary surface complex. This ternary surface complex, in turn, inhibited the metal release into the aqueous phase and, therefore, facilitated the immobilization of the heavy metals. Our <i>in situ</i> flow-cell attentuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy evidence showed that, regardless of the order of contact, As­(III) was preferentially adsorbed on TiO₂ rather than Cd. In agreement with our spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemistry calculations also illustrated that the Cd–As­(III)–TiO₂ ternary surface complex should be formed with the adsorbed As­(III) as the bridging molecule. At high As­(III) concentrations, the formation of the Cd–As­(III)–TiO₂ complex is responsible for the Cd removal. The simultaneous removal mechanisms will further our understanding of the removal of multiple pollutants in industrial wastewaters

Arsenic Adsorption on Lanthanum-Impregnated Activated Alumina: Spectroscopic and DFT Study

Rare earth-modified adsorbents (REMAs) have been widely used to remove oxyanion pollutants from water, including arsenic (As). However, the molecular-level structural information and reactions at the liquid/solid interface are still murky, which limits the design of applicable REMAs. Herein, a lanthanum-impregnated activated alumina (LAA) was synthesized as a representative REMA, and its As uptake mechanisms were explored using multiple complementary characterization techniques. Our adsorption experiments showed that LAA exhibited 2–3 times higher As adsorption capacity than AA. In contrast to the bidentate configuration formed on most metal oxide surfaces, our EXAFS and DFT results suggest that As­(III) and As­(V) form monodentate surface complexes on LAA through As-O-La coordinative bonding. In situ flow cell ATR-FTIR observed a strong dependence of As-O peak positions on pH, which could be interpreted as the change in the fractions of As­(V) surface complexes with zero- to double-protonation on LAA, AA, and LaOOH. As­(V) on LAA existed as singly and doubly protonated surface species, and the pK_a of transition from double to single protonation (∼5.8) was lower than that for its soluble counterpart (6.97). The surface reaction and structural configuration were incorporated in a CD-MUSIC model to satisfactorily predict macroscopic As adsorption behaviors. The insights gained from the molecular-level reactions shed light on the design and application of REMAs in environmental remediation for As and its structural analogues

Insights into Antimony Adsorption on {001} TiO₂: XAFS and DFT Study

Antimony (Sb) contamination poses an emerging environmental risk, whereas its removal remains a contemporary challenge due to the lack of knowledge in its surface chemistry and efficient adsorbent. In this study, self-assembly {001} TiO₂ was examined for its effectiveness in Sb removal, and the molecular level surface chemistry was studied with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The kinetics results show that Sb adsorption followed the pseudo-second order reaction, and the Langmuir adsorption capacity was 200 mg/g for Sb­(III) and 156 mg/g for Sb­(V). The PZC of TiO₂, which was 6.6 prior to the adsorption experiment, shifted to 4.8 and <0 after adsorption of Sb­(III) and Sb­(V), respectively, indicating the formation of negatively charged inner-sphere complexes. EXAFS results suggest that Sb­(III/V) adsorption exhibited a bidentate binuclear surface complex. The orbital hybridizing of complexes was studied by XANES, molecular orbital theory (MO), and density of states (DOS) calculations. The change in orbital energy derived from orbital hybridizing of adsorbed Sb on surfaces is the driving force underlining the Sb surface chemistry. New bonds between Sb and TiO₂ surface were formed with matched orbital energies. Integrating the molecular and electronic structures into surface complexation modeling reveals the nature of macroscopic Sb adsorption behaviors

Integrity of p53 Associated Pathways Determines Induction of Apoptosis of Tumor Cells Resistant to Aurora-A Kinase Inhibitors

<div><p>We have previously shown that mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-Aurora-A mice is further enhanced when p53 is inactivated, demonstrating that integrity of p53 pathway determines phenotypes induced by this oncogenic kinase. In this study, we investigated the roles of genes involved in p53 pathway (p53, Puma, p21, Bax, and Chk2) in response to Aurora-A inhibitors, VX680 and MK-8745, and explored whether chemoresistant tumor cells would further undergo apoptosis with other therapeutic agents. Isogenic HCT116 cell lines were treated with VX680 or MK-8745. Cell cycle analysis, apoptosis, and tumorigenesity were studied. Chemoresistant cells were recovered from xenograft, and further induction of apoptosis was studied. Induction of apoptosis and aneuploidy with VX680 is much stronger than MK-8745. Xenograft assay indicates that tumor growth of HCT116 and HCT116 p53(-) cells are strongly inhibited by VX680, while that of other cell types are similarly inhibited by two compounds. Among the established cell lines recovered from xenografts, MK-8745-resistant clones contain elevated phosphorylation of mTOR and Akt. When further treated with inhibitors of both mTOR and Akt, those cells undergo apoptosis. These results indicate that p53-associated pathway plays a crucial role in regulating growth inhibition of tumor cells when treated with Aurora-A inhibitors. Combined treatment with Akt/mTOR inhibitors can further induce apoptosis of Aurora-A tumors.</p> </div

Inhibition of miR-630 led to decreased IR sensitivity.

<p>(A) Inhibition of miR-630 significantly decreased IR-induced inhibition rate (B and C) Inhibition of miR-630 strongly decreased caspase 3 and caspase 6 activities following IR exposure. Error bars represent the mean of three separate determinations ± standard deviation (SD). Asterisk indicates statistically significant changes: * (P < 0.05), ** (P < 0.01).</p

TP53RK and BCL2L2 suppress the effects of miR-630 overexpression.

<p>(A) TP53RK or BCL2L2 protein caused a significantly decreased IR-induced inhibition rate in miR-630 transfected cell lines. (B and C) TP53RK or BCL2L2 protein decreased the fold of caspase 3 and caspase 6 activities following IR exposure in miR-630 transfected cell lines. Error bars represent the mean of three separate determinations ± standard deviation (SD). Asterisk indicates statistically significant changes: * (P < 0.05), ** (P < 0.01).</p