5,699 research outputs found
Minimum Bias and Underlying Event Studies at ATLAS and CMS
An overview of minimum bias and underlying event studies at the LHC with the
ATLAS and CMS detectors is presented. Current uncertainties in the modeling of
soft pp inelastic interactions at the LHC energy scale are discussed. Triggers
used to select inelastic interactions at ATLAS and CMS are described and
compared. A summary of some of the ongoing minimum bias and underlying event
analyses by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations is given.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Proceedings for the XLIVth Rencontres de
Moriond session devoted to QCD and High Energy Interactions, 14-21 March
2009, La Thuile, Ital
Minimum Bias and Underlying Event Measurements with ATLAS
A summary of some of the recent minimum bias and underlying event
measurements by the ATLAS collaboration is given. The results of several
analyses using low-luminosity proton-proton collision data from the LHC taken
at center-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 0.9, 2.36 and 7 TeV are presented. Data
are compared to predictions by several different Monte Carlo event generators.
The measurements expose limitations of the phenomenological models in properly
describing the measured observables in all regions of phase space.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; Proceedings for the 3rd Workshop on
Multiple-Partonic Interactions at the LHC, Hamburg, Germany, November 201
Development of methods for capillary isoelectric focusing of dairy proteins : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry at Massey University
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing (CIEF) is a high-resolution technique which can be applied to the separation and characterisation of complex biological mixtures such as dairy proteins. Although dairy proteins are commonly analysed by traditional gel electrophoresis techniques including 2-Dimensional PAGE, CIEF offers the advantages of reduced analysis times, the ability to handle smaller sample volumes and increased sensitivity with improved separation efficiencies. Several methods for capillary isoelectric focusing of dairy proteins have been developed herein. For the analysis of soluble whey proteins methods that can be used with either UV or mass spectrometry (MS) detection have been set up. For MS detection a coaxial sheath flow interface in conjunction with electrospray ionisation has been utilised. For analysis of the inherently insoluble casein proteins with UV detection denaturing and reducing agents have been introduced into the system. Results have shown very close similarities to those obtained by IEF gels
Polynomial-time Computation of Exact Correlated Equilibrium in Compact Games
In a landmark paper, Papadimitriou and Roughgarden described a
polynomial-time algorithm ("Ellipsoid Against Hope") for computing sample
correlated equilibria of concisely-represented games. Recently, Stein, Parrilo
and Ozdaglar showed that this algorithm can fail to find an exact correlated
equilibrium, but can be easily modified to efficiently compute approximate
correlated equilibria. Currently, it remains unresolved whether the algorithm
can be modified to compute an exact correlated equilibrium. We show that it
can, presenting a variant of the Ellipsoid Against Hope algorithm that
guarantees the polynomial-time identification of exact correlated equilibrium.
Our new algorithm differs from the original primarily in its use of a
separation oracle that produces cuts corresponding to pure-strategy profiles.
As a result, we no longer face the numerical precision issues encountered by
the original approach, and both the resulting algorithm and its analysis are
considerably simplified. Our new separation oracle can be understood as a
derandomization of Papadimitriou and Roughgarden's original separation oracle
via the method of conditional probabilities. Also, the equilibria returned by
our algorithm are distributions with polynomial-sized supports, which are
simpler (in the sense of being representable in fewer bits) than the mixtures
of product distributions produced previously; no tractable algorithm has
previously been proposed for identifying such equilibria.Comment: 15 page
A Formal Separation Between Strategic and Nonstrategic Behavior
It is common in multiagent systems to make a distinction between "strategic"
behavior and other forms of intentional but "nonstrategic" behavior: typically,
that strategic agents model other agents while nonstrategic agents do not.
However, a crisp boundary between these concepts has proven elusive. This
problem is pervasive throughout the game theoretic literature on bounded
rationality and particularly critical in parts of the behavioral game theory
literature that make an explicit distinction between the behavior of
"nonstrategic" level-0 agents and "strategic" higher-level agents (e.g., the
level-k and cognitive hierarchy models). Overall, work discussing bounded
rationality rarely gives clear guidance on how the rationality of nonstrategic
agents must be bounded, instead typically just singling out specific decision
rules and informally asserting them to be nonstrategic (e.g., truthfully
revealing private information; randomizing uniformly). In this work, we propose
a new, formal characterization of nonstrategic behavior. Our main contribution
is to show that it satisfies two properties: (1) it is general enough to
capture all purportedly "nonstrategic" decision rules of which we are aware in
the behavioral game theory literature; (2) behavior that obeys our
characterization is distinct from strategic behavior in a precise sense
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