Anodic oxidation of ketofrofen-an anti-inflammatory drug using boron doped diamond electrode

The mineralization of ketoprofen (KP) by anodic oxidation was studied by employing boron doped diamond (BDD) and Pt electrodes. The redox behavior of KP molecule, fouling of electrodes, generation of oxygen and active chlorine species were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The effect of electrolyte, pH of aqueous medium and applied current density on the mineralization behavior of KP was also investigated. The degradation and mineralization were monitored by UV–vis spectrophotometer and total organic carbon analyzer, respectively. The results were explained in terms of in situ generation of hydroxyl radical (•OH), peroxodisulfate (S2O8 2−), and active chlorine species (Cl2, HOCl, OCl−). The physisorbed •OH on BDD was observed to trigger the combustion of KP in to CO2 and H2O. The poor mineralization at both BDDand Pt anodes in the presence of NaCl as supporting electrolyte was ascribed to the formation of chlorinated organic compounds which are refractory. Complete mineralization of KP molecule was achieved using Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte

Role of electrolyte on anodic mineralization of atenolol at boron doped diamond and Pt electrodes

Anodic oxidation of atenolol, known as -blocker, has been investigated using boron-doped diamond(BDD) and Pt electrodes. The mineralization trend of atenolol in the presence of NaCl, Na2SO4 and NaNO3 was followed using total organic carbon analyzer. The disappearance of chloride ions and generation of active chlorine (Cl2, HOCl, OCl−) were analysed by argentometric and iodometric methods, respectively. The BDD anode was found to be effective in the presence of Na2SO4 whereas Pt yields better removal in the presence of NaCl. The initial concentration of NaCl and applied current density on the mineralization of atenolol were found to be significant for both BDD and Pt anodes. These results are explained in terms of electrogenerated oxidants such as •OH, SO4•−, S2O8 2−, Cl2, HOCl and OCl−. The evolution of chlorine at BDD and Pt with respect to NaCl concentration was studied by means of cyclic voltammetric technique. Though the rate of mineralization was observed to be initially higher in the presence of Pt anode, the overall rate of mineralization is more or less similar beyond 15 h of electrooxidation. The slow degradation at the later stages of electrooxidation was attributed to the presence of residual chlorinated organic compounds which are very refractive. The complete mineralization was achieved in the presenceof Na2SO4 using BDD as anode

Habitual Booking System for LPG with Leakage and Fire Sensing Sanctuary

The design of a wireless LPG leakage monitoring system is proposed for home safety. The aim of this paper is to monitor for LPG leakage to avoid fire accidents providing house safety feature where security has been an important issue and alerts the consumer about the leak by SMS and as an emergency measure the system will turn off the power supply, while activating the alarm. In this paper we proposed the additional advantage of the system is that it continuously monitors the level of the LPG present in the cylinder using load sensor and if the gas level reaches below the threshold limit of gas around 2kg so that the user can replace the old cylinder with new in time and automatically books the cylinder using a GSM module. The device ensures safety and prevents suffocation and explosion due to gas leakage. We have also included DC battery in the system to operate even when the power goes off due to the power cut

CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) AND Zn(II) BINARY COMPLEXES OF L-METHIONINE IN 1,2-PROPANEDIOL–WATER MIXTURES

Chemical speciation of Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of L-methionine in 0.0-60 % v/v 1,2-propanediol-water mixtures maintaining an ionic strength of 0.16 M at 303 K has been studied pH metrically. The active forms of ligand are LH2+, LH and L-. The predominant species detected are ML, MLH, ML2, ML2H, ML2H2 and MLOH. Models containing different numbers of species were refined by using the computer program MINIQUAD 75. The best-fit chemical models were arrived at based on statistical parameters. The trend in variation of complex stability constants with change in the dielectric constant of the medium is explained on the basis of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. KEY WORDS: Complex equilibria, Chemical speciation, L-Methionine, 1,2-Propanediol, Metals Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2007, 21(3), 363-372

Aerosol optical properties and composition over a table top complex mining area in a monsoon trough region

Aerosol physiochemical properties over a varied mining plateau region at the eastern end of a monsoon trough are reported for the first time and analyzed at different time scales. Aerosol optical depth (single scattering albedo, SSA) is found to be 0.49 (0.9) in pre-monsoon, 0.4 (0.94) in monsoon, 0.46 (0.92) in post-monsoon, and 0.36 (0.89) in winter, with an annual mean of 0.43 (0.91). The volume-size distribution is tri-modal, with 0.02 (ultra-fine), 0.2 (accumulation) and 7 (coarse) µm, but with seasonal signatures. The angstrom exponent (AE) varies along with the AOD, especially in winter, although they are inversely related to each other during monsoons; the increase in size may be due to the effect of humidity. AODbc varies between 13.4%–4.7% of the total aerosols, with the highest contribution in March, when forest burning in the north east is at its peak. BC is the lowest in July, the mid monsoon month with the minimum biomass burning and brick-kiln activities. It is likely that the interactions of various minerals and intermittent rains help keep the aerosol size in a mixed state with regard to the relation between AE and AOD, although more work is needed to confirm this. The chemical composition of aerosols is derived from an aerosol chemical model based on the measured amount of black carbon and the assumed components

In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential of Cissus quadrangularis along with its orexigenic activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Plants with diverse pharmacological activities are actively being explored for human health. Cissus quadrangularis (L) has been reported to possess numerous phytochemicals and is used to relieve various disorders. This article aims at providing evidence of the diverse pharmacological activities in terms of orexigenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of C. quadrangularis for further application in clinical development. The results revealed that inhibition of hemolysis was within the range of 8-9-25.6% at concentrations of 12.5-200 µg/ml. Methanol extract of C. quadrangularis stems exhibited porcine pancreatic ?-amylase (PPA) inhibition (p?0.05) at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.30 mg/ml. The glucose adsorption capacity of the C. quadrangularis was observed to be inversely proportional to the molar concentration of glucose. The higher food intake by Drosophila in food medium with plant extract is presumably related to orexigenic property of C. quadrangularis. Protease activity of C. quadrangularis stem extract revealed total activity 975 U/ml and specific activity as 3768 U/mg. The absorbance of C. quadrangularis in reducing power assay were between 0.91and 1.85. Highest total antioxidant activity of 67.2 µg TE/g was observed and the hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity was observed in a dose dependent manner. The results provide supporting data that C. quadrangularis may contain active compounds useful in treating anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic disorders

Compassionate use of convalescent plasma for the management of severe pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 patients-a single center experience, Kerala, India

We assessed treatment effectiveness with convalescent plasma in critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia patients and their association with reduction in C reactive protein level as a sensitive inflammatory marker to the ongoing cytokine storm. Retrospective cohort study based on the detailed electronic medical chart review. The primary outcome was a clinical improvement on day 14, defined as the reduction in cytokine storm as demonstrated by a drop in acute phase reactant C reactive protein; de-escalation from the prior mode of oxygen delivery or not on mechanical ventilation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. C reactive protein was measured by using immunoturbidimetry. IgG antibody against spike protein S1 was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Of 14 patients, all had severe COVID-19 pneumonia [category C], and 9 (64%) were mechanically ventilated soon after the admission into the medical intensive care unit. De-escalation of the oxygenation strategy mode was noted in 11 (79%) patients after convalescent plasma infusion. All patients showed a significant drop in C reactive protein when compared to pre-infusion and post-infusion day 5.  Early compassionate use of convalescent plasma with higher titters of IgG antibodies against S1may positively benefit the overall outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia

Time evolution of the Rabi Hamiltonian from the unexcited vacuum

The Rabi Hamiltonian describes a single mode of electromagnetic radiation interacting with a two-level atom. Using the coupled cluster method, we investigate the time evolution of this system from an initially empty field mode and an unexcited atom. We give results for the atomic inversion and field occupation, and find that the virtual processes cause the field to be squeezed. No anti-bunching occurs.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, RevTe