104 research outputs found
Going beyond “With a Partner” and “Intercourse”: Does Anything Else Influence Sexual Satisfaction among Women? The Sexual Satisfaction Comprehensive Index
The validated tools for measuring sexual satisfaction (SS) assess in fact other phenomena
such as sexual functioning, assess SS within the context of a romantic heterosexual relationship
and intercourse-type activity or were designed to be applied only in therapeutic or rehabilitation
contexts. Consequently, they offer an incomplete understanding of SS, particularly among women.
We thus developed an alternative measure of SS, the Sexual Satisfaction Comprehensive Index (SSCI),
considering both the individual and with-a-partner dimensions, as well as the actual and desired
experiences of satisfaction, along with other dimensions affecting SS, and explored its psychometric
properties. A total of 1080 young to mid-aged women with different sociodemographic, relationship
and sexual identity backgrounds voluntarily completed several measures of SS, including the SSCI.
Results showed that the SSCI is a reliable measure for assessing SS. An exploratory and a confirmatory
factor analysis confirmed the latent multidimensional structure of the SSCI, supporting its factorial
validity. In addition, the SSCI showed appropriate convergent validity with other measures commonly
used to assess SS. In sum, the SSCI was revealed to be a useful multidimensional index of SS for
research and practice contexts which allows the practitioner or the researcher to make decisions on
which dimension(s) are to be evaluated. This study focused on women’s SS, and future research with
other gender, sexual and cultural identities is necessary to support its utility in multi-identity and
multi-sexuality scenarios.Junta de Andalucia CTS-026
Psychosocial Resources for Hedonic Balance, Life Satisfaction and Happiness in the Elderly: A Path Analysis
This research was partially supported with the financial aid conceded to the "Psicologia de la Salud/Medicina Conductual" Research Group (CTS-267) by the Junta de Andalucia (Spain).We explored possible paths from physical and mental health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, optimism, and social support to happiness in older adults, considering hedonic balance and life satisfaction as mediators. A total of 154 Spanish male and female (50%) older adults (65–96 years old, M = 77.44, SD = 8.03; 64% noninstitutionalized elderly) voluntarily participated in this correlational, cross-sectional study. The participants completed self-reports on their perceived health status, self-efficacy, social support, optimism, and global subjective well-being (SWB) as well as its dimensions. Path analysis was used to examine direct and indirect relationships. The final model had an excellent fit with the data (χ2(10) = 11.837, p = 0.296, χ2/df = 1.184; SRMR = 0.050, CFI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.035), revealing the unique causal effects of all the included predictors on happiness. With the exception of self-efficacy, the psychosocial resources predicted older adults’ current happiness, and this relationship was fully mediated by hedonic balance and life satisfaction, which were found to be putative intermediary factors for SWB. Self-efficacy in turn predicted the remaining psychosocial resources. Our findings extend the existing evidence on the influences of health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, optimism, and social support on SWB. Furthermore, they support the proposal of hedonic balance and life satisfaction as dimensions of SWB, thus supporting the tripartite hierarchical model of happiness. These results may inform future interventions seeking to improve happiness in late adulthoodJunta de AndalucĂa
CTS-26
Optimism and social support moderate the indirect relationship between selfefficacy and happiness through mental health in the elderly
The authors are grateful to all the participants who made this
study possible.We examined the role of self-efficacy, social support, optimism, and mental health in the prediction of happiness in the
elderly. Moderated mediation analyses confirmed a full mediation in which self-efficacy, through perceived mental health
and moderated by social support, predicts happiness moderated, in turn, by optimism. When an elder is self-efficacious,
his or her mental well-being seems more likely to be improved and translated into enhanced happiness when social
support and optimism are moderate to high. We provide preliminary results on the interplay of these psychosocial
resources in improving subjective well-being that may help in designing tailored interventions for promoting happiness
in late adulthood
Association of a Mediterranean Diet and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Subjective Well-Being among Adults with Overweight and Obesity
Recent evidence suggests that among behavioral-lifestyle factors, adherence to a healthy
dietary pattern such as the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is linked not only to better psychological
health and mental positive status but also to increased subjective well-being (SWB). Nevertheless,
this association has been unexplored among individuals with excessive weight. This study explored
whether adherence to the MedDiet and the intake of healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables (FV)
are associated with increased happiness and life satisfaction among Spanish adults with overweight or
obesity when weight, body image, and body satisfaction are also considered. A convenience sample
of adult individuals with excessive weight completed self-reports on the study variables, and weight
and BMI were measured by bioimpedance. No evidence of a relationship with SWB indicators was
obtained for MedDiet global indicators, probably due to the low adherence to a healthy diet by these
individuals. In contrast, FV intake, as a powerful indicator of healthy eating, was associated with life
satisfaction when BMI and body image dimensions were considered, among which body satisfaction
had a key role. Moreover, life satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between FV consumption
and happiness. Our findings are expected to make a relevant contribution to knowledge on the
positive correlates or protective factors for overall well-being in obesity, including dietary habits
and body appreciation. Our results may inform obesity management actions focused on inclusive,
positive aesthetic models and promoting a healthy lifestyle for happiness in obesity.“PsicologĂa de
la Salud/Medicina Conductual” Research Group (CTS-267) and “PsicologĂa del Ejercicio, el Deporte
y la Salud” Research Group (CTS-980) by the Junta de AndalucĂa (Spain)Research
Project “Quality of Life and Body Image in Adults with Obesity” (PIVA Projects, Ref. ICB2) by the
Universidad Autónoma Ciudad Juárez (Mexico
Training coping skills and coping with stress self-efficacy for successful daily functioning and improved clinical status in patients with psychosis: A randomized controlled pilot study
The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was partially supported by the financial aid provided to the Research Group CTS-267 by the Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucia (Spain).Due to the symptom diversity and pervasive function impairments (e.g. in perception, cognition,
language, affect, behavior, daily and social functioning and sense of self), recurrent relapses, elevated
disability, high rates of (co)morbidity, heightened premature mortality and high burden of
care of psychotic disorders, psychosocial interventions are part of patients’ standard care.
There is growing evidence on the relevance of self-efficacy for well-being and functioning
among these patients, but specific coping with stress self-efficacy has rarely been investigated.
This study explored the outcomes of an intervention for the improvement of coping resources
based on training in coping skills and coping with stress self-efficacy. Fourteen adult volunteers
with schizophrenia (n=12) or schizoaffective disorder (n=2) were matched in clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and randomly assigned to the study groups. The intervention
group received the training—with 15 twice per week sessions (8 weeks)—along with their pharmacological
therapy; the control group received their prescribed drug therapy. Participants completed
self-reports on coping with stress self-efficacy, perceived successful daily functioning based
on coping skills and clinical status (Expanded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale). Trained patients
showed a significant increase in coping with stress self-efficacy and reported greater successful
functioning status, and significant improvements in their clinical status were also observed. All
these enhancements remained at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. The intervention condition
interacted with coping with stress self-efficacy and perceived coping functioning in explaining
improvements in clinical status: in the treatment group, greater coping with stress self-efficacy
translated into enhanced daily functioning, and this improvement predicted better clinical status.
These findings stress the relevance of promoting coping resources in psychotic disorders and provide
preliminary evidence for the potential benefits of coping with stress self-efficacy.Junta de Andalucia CTS-26
Active Coping and Anxiety Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Adults
This research was funded by the financial aid conceded to the Research project "Impacto psicologico y afrontamiento del Covid-19 en personal sanitario de paises hispanohablantes" (Impacto psicologico y afrontamiento del Covid-19 en poblacion general) INV2871 by Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Grupo de Investigacion Estudios Sociales Interdisciplinares COD: COL0082654.The features of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social operations to contain the spread
of the virus might have limited or altered coping, including healthy habits such as exercise, this
contributing to a myriad of negative consequences for the mental health of the global population. We
explored the contribution of coping and physical activity to the management of anxiety in Spanish
adults during an active phase of the epidemic, as well as the relationship between these strategies. A
total of 200 young and adult individuals (70% women) voluntarily completed an anxiety inventory,
a coping skills self-report and a personal data section including exercise practice. The participants
reported in average a mild yet existing level of anxiety symptoms; a third reported noticeable
symptoms. At the time of the study, the participants used more adaptive than maladaptive coping
styles. Participants’ anxiety was inversely correlated with an active coping style, and positively with
an avoidant style; physical activity correlated positively with an active coping style, and regular
exercisers used more frequently active coping. Controlling for confounders, active coping, avoidant
coping and exercise during the pandemic predicted anxiety symptoms. Other findings indicated that
exercise was used as a coping strategy for dealing with emotional distress. Our results highlight
the positive impact of functional coping and exercise for the management of negative states such
as anxiety during the pandemic, and underline the importance of developing interventions aimed
at enhancing coping skills for promoting physical and mental well-being of the population during
health and social crises.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia INV2871Grupo de Investigacion Estudios Sociales Interdisciplinares COL008265
A Network Analysis of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Objectives: The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a popular self-report instrument for mindfulness assessment. However, several studies report mixed evidence regarding its reliability and validity. While recent replication studies have shown several issues regarding its latent structure, first-order facets seemed to replicate successfully. This study proposes an exploratory approach to these facets on an item level in one sample, with cross-validation in another sample. Methods: Using a snowball sampling, 1008 participants were recruited in the first sample. Psychometric networks were applied to explore relations between items and item clusters. We compared these exploratory latent variable proposals with previous literature. A second sample of 1210 participants was collected from an FFMQ validation study, and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to cross-validate findings on the first sample. Results: The FFMQ showed a positively correlated network. Exploratory analyses suggested the 5-facet structure as stable with alternatives of 4-facet (merging Observe and Non-Judging) and 6-facet (splitting Acting with Awareness in two) solutions. However, the CFAs in the second sample did not provide clear support to any solution. Conclusions: The FFMQ showed unclear evidence on its latent structure. We propose researchers and users of the FFMQ to use the most fitting solution between the 5 and 6-facet solutions in their data, since the 4-facet solution is difficult to interpret. We also propose cautionary notes and guidelines for researchers and applied users of the FFMQ and regarding this instrument. We conclude that more research is needed in mindfulness assessment to provide robust measurement
The AHAWOMEN project: study protocol of a multi‑design research for exploring HAPA predictors of exercise in postmenopausal women
This research is funded by FEDER/Junta de AndalucĂa — ConsejerĂa de TransformaciĂłn EconĂłmica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades (I + D + I Programa Operativo FEDER de AndalucĂa 2014–2020). Research Project B-CTS-342-UGR20 (2021–23).
This research project has obtained formal ethical review by the Ethics Committee on Human Research of the University of Granada (Spain), reg. B-CTS-342-UGR20 (17/11/2021) and has undergone independent peer-review from the funding body (29/07/2021).
The funding body has no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data and the writing of the manuscript.Background
The postmenopausal period can represent an opportunity for women to improve their health and well-being. The Active and Healthy Ageing in Women during early postmenopause (AHAWOMEN) study aims to identify the key determinants of an active lifestyle among middle-aged women, with a focus on the stages and the social-cognitive variables outlined in the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model, a theoretical framework for understanding health behaviour change. We expected that HAPA factors and processes of intention creation (motivational phase) and action adoption (volitional phase) will be significant predictors of exercise initiation and maintenance, supporting both the HAPA tenets and the efficacy of HAPA-based interventions.
Methods/design
This study was approved by the authors’ Institutional Review Committee. Postmenopausal women aged between 45 and 65 years will voluntarily participate. The participants will be allocated to one of three groups: Intervention-Initiators (n = 100, random allocation), Control-Sedentary (n = 100, random allocation) or Control-Active (n = 100, non-random allocation). The intervention group will engage in a supervised exercise programme lasting at least 3 months, supplemented with a HAPA-based intervention for behaviour change. The sedentary control group will not receive any intervention to change their physical activity, while the active control group will consist of women who are already regularly adhering to an active lifestyle. Study variables will be measured at baseline and postintervention phases, as well as at 1, 3, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. The predictors of exercise behaviour in the different phases of the behavioural change process will be explored and compared within and between groups throughout the study. These analyses will help identify the factors that determine the adoption of a healthy active behaviour. Additionally, the effectiveness of the model and the intervention for changing active behaviour will be evaluated.
Discussion
This paper describes the rationale, development and methods used in the AHAWOMEN project. Supporting women who intend to become active can help them to translate their goals into sustainable action. Verifying that the HAPA predictions are applicable to postmenopausal women’s adoption of exercise would provide the basis for designing effective interventions for promoting healthy and active ageing that are also tailored to the experiences of middle-aged women.FEDER/Junta de AndalucĂa
B-CTS-342-UGR20University of Granada B-CTS-342-UGR2
Considering BMI, Body Image and Desired Weight Change for Suitable Obesity Management Options
With prevalence of obesity increasing worldwide, understanding body image in individuals with excessiveweight is important, as unawareness of weight excess can prevent weight loss attempts. We explored the associationsamong measured and self-reported body mass index (BMI), body image and body satisfaction among Spanish females andmales with overweight or obesity, with a special focus in discriminating individuals who are and are not satisfied with theirbody and wish or not to change their appearance. Just unifying all individuals with excessive weight may lead to uncoveror deny different realities and to develop unfitted clinical management options. Updatingfindings for the Spanishpopulation, we found that most participants correctly estimated their weight, but 3 in 10 underestimated it. Similarly,their body images corresponded to adults with overweight or obesity who desired to be thinner, but in average theyreported a perceived body just slightly overweight and a moderate satisfaction with their body. Complementing theexisting evidence, BMI and sex-gender interacted for influencing body weight estimation and desired weight change. Inaddition, three different subgroups were found for desired change of weight and size, depending on their BMI and bodysatisfaction. Discovering and considering different subjective realities and corporeal experiences among individuals withweight excess will help professionals to develop appropriate therapeutic interventions. Thus, the personal experiences thatindividuals have with obesity, instead of obesity itself, should be considered for disentangling management effort
«Oberexia»: The desire to be fat(ter) in adults with excess weight
Introduction: Despite of being scarce, evidence is growing on the existence of a group of overweight and obese individuals who do not consider their weight a risk factor for disease and who associate their weight and body with health, vigor, beauty and well-being. Consequently, they manifest a desire to maintain or even increase their weight. We propose an attempt of nomenclature, Oberexia, for this new social reality, and we describe its main characteristics and present empirical observational findings supporting the existence of this condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and characteristics of Oberexia in a national sample of Spanish 16 to 60-years-old adults. Methodology: Perceptions of body weight/size/shape and composition, and body satisfaction were assessed in overweight and obese adults through silhouettes, questions and discrepancies. Results: One in ten of the participants self-perceived their body as normal in weight or size. A total of 6.5% wanted to have overweight or obese bodies. A case-to-case analysis revealed that 4.2% of the participants wanted to maintain their appearance, and 1.8% wanted a body with greater weight. All these findings are related to fat mass instead of muscle mass. Conclusions: Our results support the existence of a subgroup of overweight and obese individuals who differ from the traditional subgroup of individuals with excess weight who are dissatisfied with their body. We encourage to explore the outcomes on health and the possible clinical implications of this condition.IntroducciĂłn: Aunque escasa, existe evidencia creciente sobre la existencia de un grupo de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad que no consideran su exceso de peso un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad y asocian su peso y su cuerpo con salud, vigor, belleza y bienestar. Como consecuencia, manifiestan el deseo mantener o incluso incrementar su peso. Realizamos una propuesta de nomenclatura para esta realidad social, Oberexia, describimos sus principales caracterĂsticas y presentamos resultados empĂricos observacionales que apoyan la existencia de esta condiciĂłn. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue explorar la prevalencia y caracterĂsticas de la Oberexia en una muestra nacional de adultos españoles de 16 a 60 años. MetodologĂa: Las percepciones de peso/tamaño/forma y composiciĂłn corporal de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad y su satisfacciĂłn corporal fueron evaluadas utilizando siluetas, preguntas y discrepancias. Resultados: Uno de cada diez participantes percibiĂł su cuerpo como normal en tĂ©rminos de peso y tamaño. Un 6.5% de los participantes con exceso de peso querĂa tener cuerpos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Un análisis caso-a-caso revelĂł que el 4.2% de los participantes deseaba mantener su apariencia, y el 1.8% deseaba aumentar de peso. Un 3% de los participantes podrĂan ser casos de Oberexia. Estos hallazgos se refieren a masa grasa y no a masa muscular. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados apoyan la existencia de un subgrupo de personas con exceso de peso que difieren del tradicional subgrupo de individuos obesos que se encuentran insatisfechos con su cuerpo. Es momento de explorar las consecuencias para la salud de la Oberexia y las posibles implicaciones clĂnicas de esta condiciĂłn.Introdução: Apesar de escassas, crescem as evidĂŞncias sobre a existĂŞncia de um grupo de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade que nĂŁo consideram o excesso de peso um fator de risco para a doença e associam seu peso e corpo com saĂşde, vigor, beleza e bem-estar. Consequentemente, eles manifestam o desejo de manter ou mesmo aumentar seu peso. Fizemos uma proposta de nomenclatura para essa realidade social, Oberexia, descrevemos suas principais caracterĂsticas e apresentamos resultados empĂricos observacionais que sustentam a existĂŞncia dessa condição. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a prevalĂŞncia e as caracterĂsticas de Oberexia em uma amostra nacional de adultos espanhĂłis de 16 a 60 anos. Metodologia: As percepções de peso/tamanho/forma e composição corporal de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade e sua satisfação corporal foram avaliadas por meio de silhuetas, perguntas e discrepâncias. Resultados: Um em cada dez participantes percebeu seu corpo como normal em termos de peso ou tamanho. Um 6.5% dos participantes com excesso de peso desejava ter corpos com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Uma análise caso-a-caso revelou que 4.2% dos participantes queriam manter a aparĂŞncia e 1.8% desejavam ganhar peso. Un 3% dos participantes poderia ser casos de Oberexia. Todos esses achados referem-se Ă massa gorda e nĂŁo Ă massa muscular. Conclusões: Nossos resultados confirmam a existĂŞncia de um subgrupo de indivĂduos com sobrepeso e obesidade que diferem do subgrupo tradicional de indivĂduos com excesso de peso insatisfeitos com seu corpo. É momento de explorar as consequĂŞncias para a saĂşde de a Oberexia e as possĂveis implicações clĂnicas dessa condição
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