3,934 research outputs found
Search for neutrinoless double beta decay with the NEMO-3 detector : First results
The NEMO 3 detector has been running since February 2003 with several double
beta emitters. New results are given for Mo100, Se82, Nd150, Zr96, Ca48. The
NEMO 3 detector properties are presented for tracking reconstruction,
identification of particles, energy measurement. Angular distributions for one
and two electrons are produced as well as energy spectra. It is deduced new
values of half lives for the double beta emitters and stronger limits on the
effective neutrino mass using data on Mo100 and Se82
Theoretical treatment of the interaction between two-level atoms and periodic waveguides
Light transport in periodic waveguides coupled to a two-level atom is
investigated. By using optical Bloch equations and a photonic modal formalism,
we derive semi-analytical expressions for the scattering matrix of one atom
trapped in a periodic waveguide. The derivation is general, as the expressions
hold for any periodic photonic or plasmonic waveguides. It provides a basic
building block to study collective effects arising from photon-mediated
multi-atom interactions in periodic waveguides.Comment: 6 pages with 3 figure
Enhanced transmission of slit arrays in an extremely thin metallic film
Horizontal resonances of slit arrays are studied. They can lead to an
enhanced transmission that cannot be explained using the single-mode
approximation. A new type of cavity resonance is found when the slits are
narrow for a wavelength very close to the period. It can be excited for very
low thicknesses. Optimization shows these structures could constitute
interesting monochromatic filters
The Effect of the Uruguay round on the Intensive and Extensive Margins of Trade
Do tariffs inhibit trade flows by limiting the entry of exporting firms (extensive margin') or by restricting the average volume exported by each firm (intensive margin')? Using a gravity equation approach, we analyze how the decrease in tariffs promoted during the 1990s by the Uruguay Round multilateral trade agreement affected the trade margins of French firms across 57 sectors and in 147 countries, from 1993 to 2002. Our main contribution is to estimate the elasticity of trade for both margins, controlling for the unobserved heterogeneity of trade flows thanks to a three-dimensional panel and to time-varying tariffs as a measure of variable trade costs. Our results show that the number of firms exporting in a given sector to a given destination is related to the level of tariffs. But they also show that the decrease in tariffs determined by the implementation of the Uruguay Round did not lead more firms to export and instead, only encouraged incumbent exporters to increase their shipments. We control for two problems that may affect our basic specification: tariffs changes may be endogenous and zero flows are not included. Our results are confirmed - even when the extensive margin is significant, its contribution is very small.Tariffs, Trade margins, Uruguay Round
The effect of the Uruguay Round on the intensive and extensive margins of trade
Do tariffs inhibit trade flows by limiting the entry of exporting firms (`extensive margin') or by restricting the average volume exported by each firm (`intensive margin')? Using a gravity equation approach, we analyze how the decrease in tariffs promoted during the 1990s by the Uruguay Round multilateral trade agreement affected the trade margins of French firms across 57 sectors and in 147 countries, from 1993 to 2002. Our main contribution is to estimate the elasticity of trade for both margins, controlling for the unobserved heterogeneity of trade flows thanks to a three-dimensional panel and to time-varying tariffs as a measure of variable trade costs. Our results show that the number of firms exporting in a given sector to a given destination is related to the level of tariffs. But they also show that the decrease in tariffs determined by the implementation of the Uruguay Round did not lead more firms to export and instead, only encouraged incumbent exporters to increase their shipments. We control for two problems that may affect our basic specification: tariff changes may be endogenous and zero flows are not included. Our results are confirmed - even when the extensive margin is significant, its contribution is very small.tariffs, trade margins, Uruguay Round
Simple analytical expression for the peak-frequency shifts of plasmonic resonances for sensing
We derive a closed-form expression that accurately predicts the peak
frequency-shift and broadening induced by tiny perturbations of plasmonic
nanoresonators without critically relying on repeated electrodynamic
simulations of the spectral response of nanoresonator for various locations,
sizes or shapes of the perturbing objects. The force of the present approach,
in comparison with other approaches of the same kind, is that the derivation is
supported by a mathematical formalism based on a rigorous normalization of the
resonance modes of nanoresonators consisting of lossy and dispersive materials.
Accordingly, accurate predictions are obtained for a large range of
nanoparticle shapes and sizes, used in various plasmonic nanosensors, even
beyond the quasistatic limit. The expression gives quantitative insight, and
combined with an open-source code, provides accurate and fast predictions that
are ideally suited for preliminary designs or for interpretation of
experimental data. It is also valid for photonic resonators with large mode
volumes.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, journal pape
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