Sustainable development of territories based on the integrated use of industry, resource and environmental potential

Purpose: Attention to the problems of social and economic development of rural areas by Government authorities, economists and the scientific community was mainly theoretical or sometimes targeted practical in nature. Design/Methodology/Approach: At the same time, rural poverty and high unemployment rate, worsening demographic situation, reducing network of institutions of social infrastructure in rural areas, which together have a negative impact on the reproduction of labor resources, lower production volumes and high migration rates have always been the problems of rural development in the country. Findings: Overall, sustainable development of rural areas characterizes, on the one hand, external major natural resource constraints that form a distant prospect, and on the other hand, determine the possibilities of social and economic development of rural communities, economic entities, diversification of the territory's economy, the formation of new activities and environmental engineering. This is a very wide range of problems, which are currently considered from different perspectives in Russia and in several countries of the world. Practical implications: The article discusses the problems of economic development of rural areas as the main factor in ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas of the agrarian regions of Russia. Originality/Value: The authors define the core resources for development of the rural areas in the region, provide an overview of agribusiness and tourism industry clusters, reveling their points of growth, cluster sales channels, tourism and recreation development.peer-reviewe

CYTOKINES, LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS AND NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTOSIS ACTIVITY IN YOUNG PUERPERAL WOMEN WITH ENDOMETRITIS

Cytokines levels, lymphocyte subsets and phagocytosis activity of peripheral blood neutrophils were studied in young puerperal women (aged 18—26 years). The level of IL-1a, TNFa, IL-8 was significant decrease, the number of CD4+ lymphocytes and immunoregulatory index (CD4+/CD8+) were increase, neutrophils phagocytosis activity rised in patients with puerperal endometritis

Challenges Associated with Forming Generic Names for Herbal Medicinal Products

INTRODUCTION. The lack of a unified approach to establishing generic (grouping) names, which must be specified for herbal medicinal products, presents a challenge to developers and manufacturers preparing registration dossiers, as well as to regulators reviewing their submissions.AIM. This study aimed to set forth common approaches to establishing generic names for herbal medicinal products based on studying the terminology used in different legal systems.DISCUSSION. The authors analysed the pharmaceutical terminology used for herbal medicinal products at national and  supranational  levels  in  the  Russian  Federation, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the Republic of Belarus, the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom, and the United States. This analysis revealed differences in the terminology used in the Russian Federation and the EAEU. For example, the definition of “herbal drugs” is more detailed in the EAEU documents than in the Russian documents, and the definitions of “herbal drug preparation” and “herbal medicinal product” are not the same as well. The authors analysed the approaches to generic naming of herbal medicinal products and detected some improperly formed generic names in the regulatory documentation and Russian State Register of Medicinal Products. In addition, the study revealed variability in generic names proposed by different manufacturers for medicinal products having the same trade name. The authors described the selection of generic names for herbal medicinal products, including fatty or essential oils and liquid or dry extracts. The authors touched upon generic naming of some types of source plants when the morphological group of the herbal drug or the name of the source plant is ambiguous, the Latin name and the Russian name of the herbal drug are inconsistent, or the Latin name of the resulting product or the morphological group of the herbal drug is erroneous. The authors systematised and unified approaches to generic naming of herbal medicinal products with due regard to the species of source plants, the morphological groups of herbal drugs, and the production technology and composition of herbal medicinal products. The authors analysed typical errors in establishing conventional and generic names for herbal drugs and herbal medicinal products associated with incorrectly identified morphological groups of herbal drugs, incorrect source plant names, mismatching structures of Latin and Russian names of herbal drugs, erroneous Latin names of the resulting products, or wrongly assigned morphological groups of herbal drugs.CONCLUSIONS. According to the analysis of  the  names  of  herbal  drugs,  herbal drug preparations, and herbal medicinal products used in  the  State  Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (editions XI–XV), the Pharmacopoeia of the EAEU, and the European Pharmacopoeia, the terminology of these legal systems is harmonised to a high degree. The alignment of terminology is the closest between the regulatory documents of  the  EAEU  and the EU. The terms and names used in Russia need further unification. The results of this study can be used in Russian pharmacopoeial practice to develop regulatory documents, prepare  registration dossiers, and conduct expert reviews of submissions for herbal medicinal products

Probing local photocurrent in inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite films by scanning probe microscopy

Hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites are among the most promising materials for solar cells. Rapid growth of their power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% in 2009 [1] to more than 22% in 2017 [2] made them attractive for commercial applications. However, rapid degradation of organic-inorganic perovskites under operating conditions – photon flux, electric field, heating – remains unsolved in spite of tremendous research effort [3,4]. Their fully inorganic counterparts possess similar optoelectronic properties [5] and better stability [6]. Still, their PCE is below 10%, which requires further investigation and optimization

Extracts of Feijoa Inhibit Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling and Activate Autophagy Implicating a Role in Dietary Control of IBD

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gut with limited treatment success for its sufferers. This suggests the need for better understanding of the different subtypes of the disease as well as nutritional interventions to compliment current treatments. In this study we assess the ability of a hydrophilic feijoa fraction (F3) to modulate autophagy a process known to regulate inflammation, via TLR2 using IBD cell lines

Клинико-морфологические сопоставления как компонент совершенствования врачебного мастерства

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Сравнительный анализ номенклатуры лекарственного растительного сырья, используемого в отечественной и мировой фармакопейной практике

The study of the nomenclature of officinal herbal substances and medicinal plants is important for finding potential ways of expanding the existing range of raw materials used in the production of herbal medicinal products. The authors compared the standards included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, national pharmacopoeias of the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union, and the world’s leading pharmacopoeias with a focus on herbal substances, medicinal plants, morphological groups of herbal substances, and the proportion of cultivated medicinal plants versus wild medicinal plants. The paper describes historical changes in the nomenclature of herbal substances included in various editions of the Russian Pharmacopoeia. The analysis of the State Register of Medicinal Products revealed the most common morphological groups of herbal substances used in Russia for the production of herbal medicinal products. The paper provides information about the largest Russian manufacturers of herbal medicinal products that preserve national traditions and develop new dosage forms. It outlines ways of improving standardisation of herbal substances using current test methods for characterisation of biologically active substances. The analysis helped to identify potential ways of expanding the range of herbal raw materials: the use of botanical species closely related to officinal ones, increasing the number of morphological groups of substances by integrated use of harvested plants, the inclusion of non-officinal botanical species that have a long history of use in the traditional medicine into the Russian list of officinal species.Изучение номенклатуры официнального лекарственного растительного сырья и производящих растений важно для поиска возможных путей расширения существующей сырьевой базы для производства лекарственных растительных препаратов. Проведен сравнительный анализ материалов Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации, национальных фармакопей государств — членов Евразийского экономического союза, ведущих зарубежных фармакопей по лекарственному растительному сырью и производящим лекарственным растениям, используемым морфологическим группам лекарственного растительного сырья, соотношению культивируемых и дикорастущих лекарственных растений. В историческом аспекте описаны изменения номенклатуры лекарственного растительного сырья, включавшегося в российские фармакопеи. Анализ Государственного реестра лекарственных средств позволил выявить наиболее часто используемые морфологические группы лекарственного растительного сырья, применяемого для производства лекарственных растительных препаратов в Российской Федерации. Приведены сведения о крупнейших российских производителях лекарственных растительных препаратов, сохраняющих традиции отечественной фармации и разрабатывающих новые лекарственные формы. Определены направления совершенствования процедуры стандартизации лекарственного растительного сырья с использованием современных методов анализа для характеристики биологически активных веществ. Проведенный анализ показал возможные пути расширения сырьевой базы лекарственных растений: использование видов, близких к официнальным, увеличение числа используемых морфологических групп сырья за счет комплексного использования заготавливаемых растений, включение растений неофи-цинальных видов, имеющих многолетнюю историю применения в традиционной медицине, в число официнальных в Российской Федерации

ЛУЧЕВЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ЛИМФОГЕННОГО МЕТАСТАЗИРОВАНИЯ У БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ ГОРТАНИ И ГОРТАНОГЛОТКИ

The purpose of the study was a systematic literature review of imaging assessment of lymph node metastasis in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.Material and methods. In order to review the most relevant scientific literature available, we searched Elibrary, Medline databases (from January 2005 to December 2017). Of 735 identified studies, 32 were assessed.Results. The role of ultrasonography, spiral computer tomography,  magnetic resonance tomography, positron emission tomography in  the assessment of regional metastatic spread in patients with  laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer was analyzed. All these imaging techniques failed to reliably identify clinically occult  lymph node metastases. However, the choice of treatment options  for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer depends considerably on  the diagnostic accuracy. In this context, the concept of sentinel lymph nodes deserves special attention.Conclusion. Further studies of the sentinel lymph node concept  using various radiopharmaceutical drugs in the detection of  preclinical regional metastasis in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer are required.Цель исследования – провести системный анализ данных, имеющихся в современной литературе, о лучевой диагностике лимфогенного метастазирования у больных раком  гортани и гортаноглотки.Материал и методы. Поиск соответствующих источников проводился в таких системах, как Elibrary, Medline, включались публикации с января 2005 г. по декабрь 2017 г. Из 735  найденных исследований 32 были использованы для написания данного обзора.Результаты. Изложены данные о возможностях ультразвукового исследования, спиральной компьютерной томографии, магниторезонансной томографии, позитронно- эмиссионной томографии в диагностике регионарного метастазирования у больных раком  гортани и гортаноглотки. Однако все перечисленные лучевые методы не позволяют  достоверно выявлять метастазы в лимфатических узлах на доклиническом уровне. Вместе с тем выбор тактики лечения при раке гортани и гортаноглотки в значительной мере зависит  от точности диагностики. В связи с этим заслуживает внимания концепция «сторожевых» лимфатических узлов.Заключение. Полученные данные дают основания для дальнейшего изучения теории  «сторожевых» лимфатических узлов с использованием различных радиофармацевтических  препаратов в диагностике доклинического регионарного метастазирования у больных раком гортани и гортаноглотки