Soziale Klassenunterschiede in Emotionsregulation

Soziale Stratifikation entsteht durch Ungleichverteilung von gesellschaftlich relevanten Ressourcen wie Geld, Bildungszertifikate oder soziale Kontakte. EmotionssoziologInnen fügen dem eine weitere Dimension hinzu, indem sie annehmen, dass bestimmte Gefühle, positiv oder negativ, Angst oder Freude, in bestimmten sozialen Statusgruppen öfter (seltener) erlebt werden. Dieser Beitrag schließt an diese Forschungsergebnisse an, in dem theoretisch erläutert und empirisch nachgewiesen wird, dass sich die Neigung zur Emotionsregulation zwischen sozialen Klassen (angelehnt an dem Konzept von Pierre Bourdieu) unterscheidet

Interventional Therapies for Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients Suffering from Coronary Artery Disease

Acute myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease (CAD) are the most common causes for the development of malignant arrhythmia often leading to cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. Structural heart disease represents the main pathology in older patients, whereas young adults mostly suffer from cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. This book chapter delineates modern interventional therapies for patients with cardiogenic shock or aborted cardiac arrest. Epidemiological data on the incidence of malignant arrhythmia depending causing cardiac arrest depending on the presence or absence of CAD and myocardial infarction are presented. Realistic difficulties within clinical decision-making are counterbalanced for and against an early, aggressive and invasive therapeutic approach including early coronary angiography with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), targeted temperature management and mechanical cardiac assist devices, depending on the individual clinical presentation and underlying cardiac arrhythmia

An immersed boundary level-set based approach for fluid-shell interaction with impact.

Fluid-shell interaction modeling is a challenging problem with application to\ud several engineering elds. In this research we develop a partitioned algorithm for large\ud displacements \ud uid-shell coupling with impact. The structure is modeled in a total La-\ud grangian description, using a novel shell nite element formulation to deal with geometric\ud nonlinear dynamics of thin or thick shells. This formulation is based on the principle of\ud minimum potential energy considering positions and generalized unconstrained vectors as\ud nodal parameters, instead of displacements and rotations. As a consequence, the formu-\ud lation eliminates the need for large rotation approximations and presents constant mass\ud matrix, allowing the use of Newmark time integrator for the nonlinear problem. The\ud Newton-Raphson method is employed to solve the resulting nonlinear system and contact\ud between structures is modeled by enforcing non-penetration conditions based on a signed\ud distance function. The \ud ow is assumed to be compressible and the \ud uid dynamics solver is\ud explicit with time integration based on characteristics. The \ud uid governing equations are\ud written in the Eulerian description generating a xed mesh method. The coupled prob-\ud lem is solved by using an embedded boundary technique where the \ud uid-shell interface\ud is tracked inside the unstructured \ud uid mesh by level sets of a signed distance to bound-\ud ary function. The versatility and e ciency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by\ud selected three- dimensional examples.CNPqFundação Araucari

Disparities in the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among children aged 6–24 months and 25–59 months in Ethiopia

Despite global efforts made to address anaemia, the prevalence remains high in most Sub-Saharan African countries. In Ethiopia, anaemia poses a very strong public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to examine the key risk factors related to anaemia among children aged 6–24 months (younger age group) and 25–59 months (older age group). We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, collected from 11 023 mothers with under five children. Ordered logistic regression modelling was used for assessing risk factors of childhood anaemia. The results suggest that the prevalence of anaemia was 72 % in the younger and 49 % in the older age groups. The risk factors for anaemia in the younger age group were morbidity (odds ratio (OR) 1⋅77; CI 1⋅21, 2⋅60), having no piped water source (OR 1⋅76; CI 1⋅07, 3⋅01) and no toilet facility (OR 1⋅60; CI 1⋅07, 2⋅38). The key risk factors for anaemia in the older age group were no micronutrient intake (OR 1⋅69; CI 1⋅23, 2⋅31), having a young mother (15–24 years old) (OR 1⋅35; CI 0⋅84, 1⋅91) and a non-working mother (OR 1⋅50; CI 1⋅15, 1⋅96). Anaemia also varied by region, place of residence and economic factors. Multiple factors contributed to the high prevalence of anaemia. Given the structural problem that the country has intervention strategies should consider the unique characteristics of regions and rural residences where the prevalence of anaemia is above the national average

Chronic Energy Deficiency and Associated Factors among Lactating Mothers (15-49 years old) in Offa Woreda, Wolayita Zone, SNNPRs, Ethiopia

The lactating mothers in developing countries like Ethiopia are the first targeted and nutritionally vulnerable groups to under nutrition due to different socio demographic factors which influence the health and well being of mothers and children. During lactation periods, mothers need more nutritious food than the rests of the household members. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status, associated factors and dietary diversity of lactating mothers 15-49 years old in Offa woreda. A cross-sectional community based study was carried out to determine the Chronic Energy deficiency of lactating mothers in the studied woreda. The lactating mothers were randomly selected from four rural and two urban kebeles. A total of 422 households were visited and the required data were collected as scheduled in all selected kebeles. The prevalence of under nutrition among the lactating mothers in the studied area was determined using BMI by Anthropometric measurements and the blood sample test for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was done using Haemocue methods. The collected data were analyzed using Stata version 14.2 software. Among the participated lactating mothers the values 15.8%, 74.2%, 8.3% and 1.7% were obtained for under weight, normal, over weight and obese in their BMI (kg/m2), respectively. The studied participants of 15.8% were in chronic energy deficiency according to WHO guidelines. The lactating mothers’ percentage value 36.4%, 59.3%, 4.3% were in age group of 15-24, 25-34 and 35-49 years, respectively. The blood test showed that among the lactating mothers 11.4% were found anemic which had got hemoglobin level less than normal level (12g/dl). The daily dietary diversity intake per day of lactating mothers was classified as high (>5 DDS) 1.2%, medium (4-5 DDS) 50.7% and low (<3 DDS) 47.4% among the nine food groups recommended for women dietary diversity score (WDDS). The independent variables: education, family size, marital status and occupation were significantly associated with nutritional status of the lactating mothers at P<0.05. In conclusion the majority of the lactating women in the study area had normal BMI. The researchers would like to recommend that the government and development agencies should focus on the risk factors identified, to ensure better health and nutrition for lactating mothers in this woreda

Factors associated with dietary diversity and length-for-age z-score in rural Ethiopian children aged 6-23 months: A novel approach to the analysis of baseline data from the Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia evaluation.

Infants and young children need diets high in nutrient density and diversity to meet the requirements of rapid growth and development. Our aim was to evaluate sociodemographic, agricultural diversity, and women's empowerment factors associated with child dietary diversity and length-for-age z-score (LAZ) in children 6-23 months using data collected as part of the Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia (SURE) evaluation study baseline survey in May-June 2016. We here present a novel analysis using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to represent our assumptions about the causal influences between the factors of interest and the outcomes. The causal diagrams enabled the identification of variables to be included in multivariable analysis to estimate the total effects of factors of interest using ordinal logistic/linear regression models. We found that child dietary diversity was positively associated with LAZ with children consuming 4 or more food groups having on average an LAZ score 0.42 (95% CI [0.08, 0.77]) higher than those consuming no complementary foods. Household production of fruits and vegetables was associated with both increased child dietary diversity (adjusted OR 1.16; 95% CI [1.09, 1.24]) and LAZ (adjusted mean difference 0.05; 95% CI [0.005, 0.10]). Other factors positively associated with child dietary diversity included age in months, socio-economic status, maternal education, women's empowerment and dietary diversity, paternal childcare support, household food security, fruit and vegetable cultivation, and land ownership. LAZ was positively associated with age, socio-economic status, maternal education, fruit and vegetable production, and land ownership

Improving Feedback from Automated Reviews of Student Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets are one of the most widely used tools for end users. As a result, spreadsheets such as Excel are now included in many curricula. However, digital solutions for assessing spreadsheet assignments are still scarce in the teaching context. Therefore, we have developed an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) to review students' Excel submissions and provide individualized feedback automatically. Although the lecturer only needs to provide one reference solution, the students' submissions are analyzed automatically in several ways: value matching, detailed analysis of the formulas, and quality assessment of the solution. To take the students' learning level into account, we have developed feedback levels for an ITS that provide gradually more information about the error by using one of the different analyses. Feedback at a higher level has been shown to lead to a higher percentage of correct submissions and was also perceived as well understandable and helpful by the students

The fidelity and dose of message delivery on infant and young child feeding practice and nutrition sensitive agriculture in Ethiopia: a qualitative study from the Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia (SURE) programme.

BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, 38% of children under 5 years of age are stunted (low height for age). A novel government-led intervention called the Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia (SURE) aims to tackle the burden of stunting by improving complementary feeding and dietary diversity among young children. The SURE programme design applies a transtheoretical model of behaviour change, whereby exposure to recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and nutrition-sensitive agriculture messages is a first stage to adopting key behaviours. This qualitative study explored the fidelity and dose of the IYCF and nutrition-sensitive agriculture messages delivered by extension workers. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted across four regions in Ethiopia (Oromiya, Amhara, SNNP and Tigray) between April and October 2017. Across the four regions, 81 key informant interviews, 90 FGDs and 81 observations were conducted with 180 extension workers, 18 development agents and 54 mother-father pairs. Digitally recorded audio files were transcribed verbatim, and the data were analysed based on a framework analysis approach using NVivo (version 12) by coding and categorising texts into major themes and sub-themes. RESULTS: SURE target households had the intended exposure to messages about exclusive breastfeeding, timing of initiation of complementary feeding, food groups, diversified food consumption, irrigation, rearing small animals and vegetables. Few households reported receiving messages on the content or frequency of complementary feeding of a child beyond 6 months of age. Frequency of household visits and hence exposure to SURE messages was also variable. Agricultural messages delivered during household visits focussed on improving standard agricultural practices and rarely covered the importance of nutrition-sensitive agriculture to improve household or child nutrition. CONCLUSION: Despite variability observed in the breadth and depth of messages delivered, large-scale behaviour change communication programmes can achieve moderate to good message exposure among target groups. Qualitative data provide an in-depth insight into fidelity and may supplement our understanding of programme roll-out and implementation. Further research is required to understand longer-term message saturation including frequency and reach

Risk factor paradox: No prognostic impact of arterial hypertension and smoking in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Background: Data regarding the outcome of patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias related to arterial hypertension (AHT) and smoking is limited. The study sought to assess the prognostic impact of AHT and smoking on survival in patients presenting with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Methods: All consecutive patients surviving ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) upon admission to the University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM), Germany from 2002 to 2016 were included and stratified according to AHT and smoking by propensity score matching. The primary prognostic endpoint was all-cause mortality at 30 months.Results: A total of 988 AHT-matched patients (494 each, with and without AHT) and a total of 872 smoking-matched patients (436 each, with and without smoking) were included. The rates of VT and VF were similar in both groups (VT: AHT 60% vs. no AHT 60%; smokers 61% vs. non-smokers 62%; VF: AHT 35% vs. no AHT 38%; smokers 39% vs. non-smokers 38%). Neither AHT nor smoking were associated with the primary endpoint of long-term all-cause mortality at 30 months (long-term mortality rates: AHT/no AHT, 26% vs. 28%; log-rank p = 0.525; smoking/non-smoking, 22% vs. 25%; log-rank p = 0.683).Conclusions: Paradoxically, neither AHT nor smoking were associated with differences of long-term all-cause mortality in patients presenting with ventricular tachyarrhythmias