Evaluation of water film by reynolds' equation in deep drawing using high-pressured water jet

The authors had proposed a deep drawing method using high-pressured jet waters as lubricant. This method aimed to suppress the usage of oil or other chemical lubricants, which might require some additional processes for lubricant removal and become a nuisance in environment. The conditions had been determined through trial and error approach without knowing water behaviors as lubricant. As a result, some scars and dimples were observed on the surface of deformed cup. In the present paper, a numerical model was composed for the evaluation of the water behaviors as lubricant. Darcy-Weisbach equation was used for evaluation of pressure drop between nozzle exit and pump, while Reynolds' equation was used for the thin film of fluid between the die and blank. The data of blank deformation in FEM was considered for the determination of the thickness distribution of the fluid film. The characteristics of the water were evaluated by the composed numerical method, and the results were used for examination of lubrication characteristics in experiments

An extrusion method of tube with spiral inner fins by utilizing generation of spiral outer fins/grooves

This paper presents a new extrusion method for fabrication of a tube with spiral inner fins. The spiral fins are formed by utilizing the generation of spiral outer fins or grooves, which drive the metal to circumferentially move with twist deformation. The effect of the outer fins/grooves is examined for realizing the circumferential metal flow. The position of the mandrel has an ability to flexibly control the spiral angle. This method would drastically enhance the productivity and reduce the manufacturing cost, as the tube would be manufactured directly from a billet through only one process

Effect of temperature in formability of composite composed of overlapped fibre bundle, thermoplastic resin and metal

A structure for a composite of fibre-metal laminate (FML) has been proposed, hich is composed of reinforcing fibre bundles, thermoplastic resin as the matrix and metal plates. The reinforcing fibre bundles are discontinuous, and are intentionally overlapped in the longitudinal direction. The resin including fibre bundles was sandwiched between the metal plates. The application concept for the industry is composed of three stages. At the 1st stage, FML is fabricated by lamination of reinforcing fibre bundles, thermoplastic resin and metal plates. At the 2nd stage, FML is formed into the final shape of the product by secondary forming processes, such as stretching or bending under a heated condition which melts the thermo resin. At the 3rd stage, the formed product is expected to have high strength. In the present paper, the effect of heating temperature on the deformation of FML at the 2nd stage was clarified. Firstly, the numerical examination was shown on the effect of overlap length on the fracture mode and the reinforcing mechanism in the proposed FML. Based on the result, the minimum bare length for the overlapped part for the discontinuous fibre bundles was determined so that the tensile strength might be as high as that with FMLs with continuous fibre bundles at the 3rd stage. Finally actual FML was experimentally fabricated, and subjected to all though the 1st to 3rd stages to verify the efficiency of the FML. In particular, the effect of heating temperature was focused upon to realize the forming process at the 2nd stage

Ground state of an S=1/2S=1/2 distorted diamond chain - model of Cu3Cl6(H2O)2⋅2H8C4SO2\rm Cu_3 Cl_6 (H_2 O)_2 \cdot 2H_8 C_4 SO_2

We study the ground state of the model Hamiltonian of the trimerized $S=1/2$ quantum Heisenberg chain $\rm Cu_3 Cl_6 (H_2 O)_2 \cdot 2H_8 C_4 SO_2$ in which the non-magnetic ground state is observed recently. This model consists of stacked trimers and has three kinds of coupling constants between spins; the intra-trimer coupling constant $J_1$ and the inter-trimer coupling constants $J_2$ and $J_3$. All of these constants are assumed to be antiferromagnetic. By use of the analytical method and physical considerations, we show that there are three phases on the $\tilde J_2 - \tilde J_3$ plane ($\tilde J_2 \equiv J_2/J_1$, $\tilde J_3 \equiv J_3/J_1$), the dimer phase, the spin fluid phase and the ferrimagnetic phase. The dimer phase is caused by the frustration effect. In the dimer phase, there exists the excitation gap between the two-fold degenerate ground state and the first excited state, which explains the non-magnetic ground state observed in $\rm Cu_3 Cl_6 (H_2 O)_2 \cdot 2H_8 C_4 SO_2$. We also obtain the phase diagram on the $\tilde J_2 - \tilde J_3$ plane from the numerical diagonalization data for finite systems by use of the Lanczos algorithm.Comment: LaTeX2e, 15 pages, 21 eps figures, typos corrected, slightly detailed explanation adde

Japanese VLBI Network observations of radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

We performed phase-reference very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations on five radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) at 8.4 GHz with the Japanese VLBI Network (JVN). Each of the five targets (RXS J08066+7248, RXS J16290+4007, RXS J16333+4718, RXS J16446+2619, and B3 1702+457) in milli-Jansky levels were detected and unresolved in milli-arcsecond resolutions, i.e., with brightness temperatures higher than 10^7 K. The nonthermal processes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity, rather than starbursts, are predominantly responsible for the radio emissions from these NLS1s. Out of the nine known radio-loud NLS1s, including the ones chosen for this study, we found that the four most radio-loud objects exclusively have inverted spectra. This suggests a possibility that these NLS1s are radio-loud due to Doppler beaming, which can apparently enhance both the radio power and the spectral frequency.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in PAS