Détermination de l'âge des bovins par l'examen de la dentition. Méthodologie et principaux résultats acquis en milieu villageois dans le Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire

Les auteurs décrivent une nouvelle méthode pour l'étude de la dynamique de l'éruption des incisives de remplacement chez les bovins. Adaptée au cas des populations animales où la date de naissance des animaux est inconnue, elle permet d'obtenir rapidement des résultats précis. Cette méthode a été appliquée au cheptel bovin sédentaire du Nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire. Les principaux résultats obtenus concernent la durée des stades dentaires et l'âge à l'éruption des incisives adultes pour les types génétiques suivants: Baoulé (West African Shorthorn). Métis N'Dama x Baoulé et Zébu x Baoulé. On n'observe pas d'effet significatif des facteurs sexe, région et saison de naissance sur les variables étudiées. Les résultats obtenus par type génétique sont peu différents. Les liaisons entre les durées respectives des stades dentaires sont faibles. D'une façon générale, les taurins de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et leurs métis sont plus précoces que les animaux zébus, eux-mêmes plus précoces que les races européennes en ce qui concerne le rythme de remplacement des dent

Pareto-based optimization of sparse dynamical systems

Sparse data-driven approaches enable the approximation of governing laws of physical processes with parsimonious equations. While significant effort has been made in this field over the last decade, data-driven approaches generally rely on the paradigm of imposing a fixed base of library functions. In order to promote sparsity, finding the optimal set of basis functions is a necessary condition but a challenging task to guess in advance. Here, we propose an alternative approach that consists of optimizing the very library of functions while imposing sparsity. The robustness of our results is not only evaluated by the quality of the fit of the discovered model but also by the statistical distribution of the residuals with respect to the original noise in the data. In order to avoid choosing one metric over the other, we would rather rely on a multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for systematically generating a subset of optimal models sorted in a Pareto front. We illustrate how this method can be used as a tool to derive microkinetic equations from experimental data

Aspects Histo-Epidemiologiques Des Cancers Solides Du Rein De L’enfant En Cote D’ivoire

Objectifs: A partir d’une étude rétrospective transversale, les auteurs  rapportent 34 cas de cancer du rein histologiquement confirmés chez l’enfant de moins de 16 ans, observés dans les services d’Anatomie Pathologique des centres hospitaliers et universitaires d’Abidjan (République de Côte d’Ivoire) au cours de la période allant de janvier 1984 à décembre 2007e.Patients et méthodes: Le matériel d’étude était constitué de pièce de  néphrectomie. Après fixation dans le formol à 10%, les prélèvements ont été inclus en paraffine et coloré à l’hématéine éosine.Résultats: Le cancer du rein de l’enfant représentait 0.28% de l’ensemble des cancers. Il y avait 18 garçons (52.94%) et 16 filles (47.06%). L’âge moyen était de 4.88 ans. Au plan histologique nous avons observé 31 cas de néphroblastome (91.18%), 2 cas de lymphome de Burkitt (5.88%) et 1 cas de carcinome à cellule rénale (2.94%).Conclusion: Les cancers solides du rein de l’enfant sont dominés par le néphroblastome

Primary congenital hypothyroidism complicated by persistent severe anaemia in early infancy: A case report with a literature review

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Détermination de l'âge des bovins par l'examen de la dentition. Méthodologie et principaux résultats acquis en milieu villageois dans le Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire

Les auteurs décrivent une nouvelle méthode pour l'étude de la dynamique de l'éruption des incisives de remplacement chez les bovins. Adaptée au cas des populations animales où la date de naissance des animaux est inconnue, elle permet d'obtenir rapidement des résultats précis. Cette méthode a été appliquée au cheptel bovin sédentaire du Nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire. Les principaux résultats obtenus concernent la durée des stades dentaires et l'âge à l'éruption des incisives adultes pour les types génétiques suivants: Baoulé (West African Shorthorn). Métis N'Dama x Baoulé et Zébu x Baoulé. On n'observe pas d'effet significatif des facteurs sexe, région et saison de naissance sur les variables étudiées. Les résultats obtenus par type génétique sont peu différents. Les liaisons entre les durées respectives des stades dentaires sont faibles. D'une façon générale, les taurins de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et leurs métis sont plus précoces que les animaux zébus, eux-mêmes plus précoces que les races européennes en ce qui concerne le rythme de remplacement des dent

Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Areas in Mali

The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of households’ food insecurity in rural areas in Mali, ranked among the most exposed to this phenomenon. The study used data from the national food security and nutritional survey in March 2016. The estimation of the econometric logit model by the maximum likelihood method revealed that regional location, age of household head, household size, level of education of the household head, welfare index and incomes’ diversification sources are the main determinants of households’ food insecurity in a rural area in Mali. The analysis shows that age of household head, size of household and practical of recession cropping affect positively food insecurity while the educational level of household head, welfare index and incomes ’diversification sources affect negatively food insecurity. These determinants are pillars on which policy maker might rely to reduce food insecurity. Therefore, it is desirable for government to orientate more the food insecurity fight programs towards the most affected regions, to prioritize households head with advanced age and those whose size is high, and promote recession cropping during the food insecurity fight plan, improve household education level, promote the household’s welfare and sensitize the households to diversify the sources of their income

Development of methods of physical modeling of high-temperature processes in microwave field

In the work discusses the basics of using the microwave field to simulate individual high-temperature processes. The work outlines the applications of the microwave field for the processing of technological waste. In the work the layout technological schemes on the basis of a household microwave oven are proposed.В работе рассмотрены аспекты использования микроволнового поля для моделирования отдельных высокотемпературных процессов. Изложены варианты применения СВЧ поля для переработки техногенных отходов. Предложены компоновочные технологические схемы на основе бытовой микроволновой печи

Falciparum malaria in young children of rural Burkina Faso: comparison of survey data in 1999 with 2009

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Roll Back Malaria (RBM) interventions such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITN) and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) have become implemented with different velocities in the endemic countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in recent years. There is conflicting evidence on how much can be achieved under real life conditions with the current interventions in the highly endemic savannah areas of SSA.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study took place in a rural area of north-western Burkina Faso, which was defined as holoendemic in 1999. Clinical and parasitological data were compared in two cohorts of young children of the same age range from eight villages. Surveys took place in June and December of the year 1999 and 2009 respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Prevalence of mosquito net use increased from 22% in 1999 to 73% in 2009, with the majority of nets being ITNs in 2009. In 2009, <it>P. falciparum </it>prevalence was significantly lower compared to 1999 (overall reduction of 22.8%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The reduction in malaria prevalence in young children observed between 1999 and 2009 in a rural and formerly malaria holoendemic area of Burkina Faso is likely attributable to the increase in ITN availability and utilization over time.</p

Malaria and anemia prevention in pregnant women of rural Burkina Faso

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women are a major risk group for malaria in endemic areas. Only little information exists on the compliance of pregnant women with malaria and anaemia preventive drug regimens in the rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this study, we collected information on malaria and anaemia prevention behaviour in pregnant women of rural Burkina Faso. METHODS: Cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative survey among 225 women of eight villages in rural northwestern Burkina Faso. Four of the villages had a health centre offering antenatal care (ANC) services while the other four were more than five kilometers away from a health centre. RESULTS: Overall ANC coverage (at least one visit) was 71% (95% in health centre villages vs 50% in remote villages). Malaria and anaemia were considered as the biggest problems during pregnancy in this community. ANC using women were quite satisfied with the quality of services, and compliance with malaria and anaemia prevention regimens (chloroquine and iron/folic acid) was high in this population. Knowledge on the benefit of bed nets and good nutrition was less prominent. Distance, lack of money and ignorance were the main reasons for women to not attend ANC services. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need to improve access of rural SSA women to ANC services, either through increasing the number of rural health centres or establishing functioning outreach services. Moreover, alternative malaria and anaemia prevention programmes such as intermittent preventive treatment with effective antimalarials and the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets need to become implemented on a large scale