Analysis of promising areas of constructive and technological improvement of units for digging seedlings

The ways to improve the technological process aimed at the digging of various plant species consists of various successive stages. Among them, we can single out the stage of analysis of already existing structural and technological solutions. The article presents an analysis of the directions of development of digging units. The source of information was the open registers of the FIPS of the Russian Federation and foreign databases. During the analysis, the main ways of improving the technological process of digging seedlings and technical solutions for its implementation, as well as ways to achieve a blocked technical result, were identified. Based on the data obtained, a design and technological scheme of the digging bracket has been developed. Further ways of improving the proposed technical solution are outlined

Geomechanical Modeling Using Variable Order Spectral Element Method at Non-Conformal Meshes

The paper considers an overview of the problems of mathematical modeling of geomechanical processes occurring in rocks during the geological exploration and development of reservoirs and well boring process. The mathematical formulation is based on the theory of repeated superposition of large deformations. A numerical discretization of the posed boundary problems of interacting solids is performed using a discontinuous spectral element method and multi-point constraints at non-matching mesh interfaces between interacting solid rock structures. Several industrial applications of the developed approach are considered. Seismic wave propagation in the heterogeneous media with initial geomechanical stresses is considered. A modelling of an induced anisotropy is performed by the superposition of dynamic deformations onto initial generally finite strains. Use of variable order spectral elements at non-conformal meshes allows one to simplify the process of unstructured mesh generation for the discretization of complex geological models and to set the local spatial order of the SEM discretization depending on the speed of seismic waves in geological structures, which significantly reduces the computational costs when conducting numerical modeling and lowers the requirements to the model preprocessing and mesh quality. The considered approach allows predicting in more detail the behavior of the rock during reservoir development, taking into account different stages of the field deformations. In particular, the redistribution of accumulated deformations during multistep loading and / or changes in the structure (topology) of the loaded body, as well as contact conditions of adhesion / sliding at the interlayer boundaries and bonded contacts are taken into account. These problems were solved using CAE Fidesys software, which allows solving static and dynamic problems of geomechanics and geophysics using finite (FEM) and spectral (SEM) element methods of a variable approximation order in space at non-conformal unstructured meshes

Cytokine Profile as a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury

The study reviews findings of the recent experiments designed to investigate cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury. The role of key cytokines was assessed in the formation of cellular response to trauma. The specific immunopathogenic interaction of the nervous and immune systems in the immediate and chronic post-traumatic periods is summarized. The practicality of a step-by-step approach to assessing the cytokine profile in spinal cord injury is shown, the need to take into account the combination of pathogenetic and protective components in the implementation regulatory effects of individual cytokines, their integration into regenerative processes in the damaged spinal cord, which allows a rational approach to the organization of the treatment process and the development of new medicines

Sakhalin real-time shaking map tool for industrial and civil facilities safety

Regional shaking map tool for rapid characterization of the strong ground motion following the significant earthquake has been developed. New tool is based on state-of-the-art data processing technologies and regional seismological data. The earthquake data processing system uses regional and global seismic stations. The technologies for generating shaking maps is mostly automatic. Public information on recent and past earthquakes is freely available on the eqalert.ru website. Internet users can also submit the felt report through the eqalert.ru using “Did you feel the earthquake?” questioner, unified in accordance with the U.S. Geological Survey DYFI. Automatic earthquake notification is freely available in the form of PUSH-notification for Android and iOS mobile applications and Telegram messenger bot

Modelling the effect of continuous mixer operating parameters on mixture quality

The aim of the research was to obtain a regression model of the influence of some structural and kinematic parameters of a continuous mixer working element on the quality of the prepared mixture. The research methodology included the analysis of the design of the mixing unit and the identification of factors that could significantly affect the quality of the mixture. Later, on the basis of the experimental studies, the quality of the mixture at given values of factors was determined and a regression model was established. The developed functional diagram of a continuous mixing unit made it possible to establish factors that most intensively affected the quality of the prepared mixture. The obtained adequate regression model of the coefficient of variation of the content of the control component in the samples of the mixture indicated an improvement in the quality of the mixture with an increase in the frequency of rotation of the mixers and the number of the arms levels. In terms of quality indicators, a rotation frequency of about 1500 rpm was most preferable with a number of mixer levels of at least 5

Hazard-Consistent Earthquake Scenario Selection for Seismic Slope Stability Assessment

Design ground shaking intensity, based on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) maps, is most commonly used as a triggering condition to analyze slope stability under seismic loading. Uncertainties that are associated with expected ground motion levels are often ignored. This study considers an improved, fully probabilistic approach for earthquake scenario selection. The given method suggests the determination of the occurrence probability of various ground motion levels and the probability of landsliding for these ground motion parameters, giving the total probability of slope failure under seismic loading in a certain time interval. The occurrence hazard deaggregation technique is proposed for the selection of the ground shaking level, as well as the magnitude and source-to-site distance of a design earthquake, as these factors most probably trigger slope failure within the time interval of interest. An example application of the approach is provided for a slope near the highway in the south of Sakhalin Island (Russia). The total probability of earthquake-induced slope failure in the next 50 years was computed to be in the order of 16%. The scenario peak ground acceleration value estimated from the disaggregated earthquake-induced landslide hazard is 0.15g, while the 475-year seismic hazard curve predicts 0.3g. The case study highlights the significant difference between ground shaking scenario levels in terms of the 475-year seismic hazard map and the considered fully probabilistic approach

The Seismo-Performer: A Novel Machine Learning Approach for General and Efficient Seismic Phase Recognition from Local Earthquakes in Real Time

When recording seismic ground motion in multiple sites using independent recording stations one needs to recognize the presence of the same parts of seismic waves arriving at these stations. This problem is known in seismology as seismic phase picking. It is challenging to automate the accurate picking of seismic phases to the level of human capabilities. By solving this problem, it would be possible to automate routine processing in real time on any local network. A new machine learning approach was developed to classify seismic phases from local earthquakes. The resulting model is based on spectrograms and utilizes the transformer architecture with a self-attention mechanism and without any convolution blocks. The model is general for various local networks and has only 57 k learning parameters. To assess the generalization property, two new datasets were developed, containing local earthquake data collected from two different regions using a wide variety of seismic instruments. The data were not involved in the training process for any model to estimate the generalization property. The new model exhibits the best classification and computation performance results on its pre-trained weights compared with baseline models from related work. The model code is available online and is ready for day-to-day real-time processing on conventional seismic equipment without graphics processing units

Many-electron correlations in computations of sodium atom photoabsorption

The role of many-electron correlations in photoabsorption processes has been investigated. The results of numerical computations of photoionization cross sections of sodium atom are presented. The many-body effects such as interchannel correlations resulting in autoionization resonance peaks, as well as effects of atomic core polarization were taken into account in the computations in terms of RPAE. Polarization corrections were accounted for using both static and dynamic polarization potentials. The influence of correlations on the position and the form of resonance peaks was studied. The obtained results demonstrate necessity of taking into account polarization effects, especially for clarification of autoionization resonance peaks position and the cross-section magnitudes in the low energy range. The best agreement with experimental data was reached with the model of dynamic polarization potential based on Dyson equation