Analysis of changes in pharmacotherapy of stable angina over the five-year period at specialized out-patient level of medical care (pharmacoepidemiological study)

Investigate the dynamics of drug prescription rates in patients with stable angina over the five-year period on the example of routine clinical practice of outpatient cardiology institution of Moscow for the purpose of further eliminating the prescribing gap for guideline recommended pharmacological strategies. Our research work was performed as a retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study including two stages with five-year interval using cross-section metho

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION PROGRAMMES RESEARCH IN RUSSIA: STAKEHOLDER EXPECTATIONS AND UNIVERSITY PRACTICE

Introduction. Entrepreneurial education, as an area of educational practice in higher education, is a relatively new area of activity for Russian universities. In this area, due to the special dynamics of development and transformation, especially in a pandemic, there is the most significant gap between the competencies formed by universities and in demand on the labour market. The rationale for the research stemmed from two major trends in the economy and society: industry demand for workforce with greater enterprise skills, at the same time a new generation, generation Z, seeks more flexible and more fulfilling career path. Therefore, to address these trends, universities have to diversify the skill set included in the academic curriculum. Aim. This study is aimed at studying the problems of interaction between universities and their stakeholders in curricula improvement. Methodology and research methods. Taken into consideration the regulatory nature of the curricula design in Russian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) a two-step strategy has been adopted for this research. The first step was a concern with meta-analysis of the competencies outlined in Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) in Management through the lens of entrepreneurial competencies. The second step was to investigate inclusion of soft skills in entrepreneurship curricula in across Russian HEIs. To address the objective of research, descriptive statistics and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test were applied. Results. The research findings suggest in the environment where the degree programmes have to comply with set Governmental standards, curricula in entrepreneurship struggle to develop essential soft entrepreneurial skills. Most of the analysed curricula are heavily loaded with hard and cognitive skills. Even though the government proclaims a need for innovative development of the nation, creative and innovative thinking is not mentioned either in the FSES nor analysed curricula. The research findings also led to a surprising conclusion that very few core ‘business’ modules include the development of social or action-oriented skills in their learning outcomes. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time the problems of ensuring the development of soft skills in entrepreneurial education in Russia have been studied. Practical significance. The results of the study will find their application in the design of entrepreneurial curricula to achieve the necessary balance of competencies in them. © 2022 Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University. All rights reserved.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, MinobrnaukaAcknowledgements. The research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Programme of Development within the Priority-2030 Programme) is gratefully acknowledged

Forecasting planned electricity consumption for the united power system using machine learning

The paper presents the results of studies of the predictive models development based on retrospective data on planned electricity consumption in the region with a significant share of enterprises in the mineral resource complex. Since the energy intensity of the industry remains quite high, the task of rationalizing the consumption of electricity is relevant. One of the ways to improve control accuracy when planning energy costs is to forecast electrical loads. Despite the large number of scientific papers on the topic of electricity consumption forecasting, this problem remains relevant due to the changing requirements of the wholesale electricity and power market to the accuracy of forecasts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to support management decisions in the process of planning the volume of electricity consumption. To realize this, it is necessary to create a predictive model and determine the prospective power consumption of the power system. For this purpose, the collection and analysis of initial data, their preprocessing, selection of features, creation of models, and their optimization were carried out. The created models are based on historical data on planned power consumption, power system performance (frequency), as well as meteorological data. The research methods were: ensemble methods of machine learning (random forest, gradient boosting algorithms, such as XGBoost and CatBoost) and a long short-term memory recurrent neural network model (LSTM). The models obtained as a result of the conducted studies allow creating short-term forecasts of power consumption with a fairly high precision (for a period from one day to a week). The use of models based on gradient boosting algorithms and neural network models made it possible to obtain a forecast with an error of less than 1 %, which makes it possible to recommend the models described in the paper for use in forecasting the planned electricity power consumption of united power systems

Critical aspects of the management of stable coronary artery disease in primary care practice or how to increase the efficacy of evidence-based pharmacological therapy?

The publication describes a fragment of the pharmacoepidemiologic study conducted to review the quality of management of patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) in primary care over a 12-year period. The aim of the study was to justify the application of standard operating procedures (SOPs). Such determinants of pharmacotherapy as non-pharmacological modification of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and medication adherence were analyze

Исследование программ предпринимательского образования в России: ожидания стейкхолдеров и практика университетов

Introduction. Entrepreneurial education, as an area of educational practice in higher education, is a relatively new area of activity for Russian universities. In this area, due to the special dynamics of development and transformation, especially in a pandemic, there is the most significant gap between the competencies formed by universities and in demand on the labour market. The rationale for the research stemmed from two major trends in the economy and society: industry demand for workforce with greater enterprise skills, at the same time a new generation, generation Z, seeks more flexible and more fulfilling career path. Therefore, to address these trends, universities have to diversify the skill set included in the academic curriculum. Aim. This study is aimed at studying the problems of interaction between universities and their stakeholders in curricula improvement. Methodology and research methods. Taken into consideration the regulatory nature of the curricula design in Russian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) a two-step strategy has been adopted for this research. The first step was a concern with meta-analysis of the competencies outlined in Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) in Management through the lens of entrepreneurial competencies. The second step was to investigate inclusion of soft skills in entrepreneurship curricula in across Russian HEIs. To address the objective of research, descriptive statistics and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test were applied. Results. The research findings suggest in the environment where the degree programmes have to comply with set Governmental standards, curricula in entrepreneurship struggle to develop essential soft entrepreneurial skills. Most of the analysed curricula are heavily loaded with hard and cognitive skills. Even though the government proclaims a need for innovative development of the nation, creative and innovative thinking is not mentioned either in the FSES nor analysed curricula. The research findings also led to a surprising conclusion that very few core ‘business’ modules include the development of social or action-oriented skills in their learning outcomes. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time the problems of ensuring the development of soft skills in entrepreneurial education in Russia have been studied. Practical significance. The results of the study will find their application in the design of entrepreneurial curricula to achieve the necessary balance of competencies in them.Введение. Предпринимательское образование как область образовательной практики в высшей школе является относительно новой сферой деятельности для российских вузов, в которой в силу особой динамики развития и трансформации, особенно в условиях пандемии, наблюдается наиболее значительный разрыв между компетенциями, сформированными вузами и востребованными на рынке труда. Настоящее исследование базируется на двух основных тенденциях в экономике и обществе: отраслевой спрос на рабочую силу с более высокими навыками предпринимательства и в то же время поиск поколением Z более гибких и насыщенных карьерных перспектив. Поэтому в ответ на эти тенденции университеты должны разнообразить набор компетенций, формируемых образовательными программами. Цель. Данное исследование направлено на изучение проблем взаимодействия университетов и их стейкхолдеров в совершенствовании образовательных программ. Методология, методы и методики. С учетом нормативного характера разработки образовательных программ в российских вузах для данного исследования была принята двухэтапная стратегия. На первом этапе был проведен метаанализ компетенций ФГОС по направлению подготовки «Менеджмент» через призму предпринимательских компетенций. Вторым шагом было исследование включения мягких навыков в учебные программы по предпринимательству в российских вузах, реализующих программы предпринимательского образования. Для решения задачи исследования применялись описательная статистика, а также непараметрический U-критерий Манна – Уитни. Результаты. Результаты исследования показывают, что в предпринимательских образовательных программах, соответствующих ФГОС, уделяется внимание развитию необходимых мягких предпринимательских навыков. Однако большинство проанализированных образовательных программ перегружены дисциплинами, формирующими рутинные и когнитивные навыки. Несмотря на то что государство провозглашает необходимость инновационного развития нации, творческое и инновационное мышление не упоминается ни в федеральных государственных образовательных стандартах (ФГОС), ни в анализируемых образовательных программах. Результаты исследования также привели к неожиданному выводу о том, что очень немногие «предпринимательские» модули образовательных программ включают в свои результаты обучения развитие социальных или практических навыков. Научная новизна. Научная новизна настоящего исследования состоит в том, что впервые изучены проблемы обеспечения развития мягких навыков в обучении предпринимательству в России. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования найдут свое применение при разработке предпринимательских учебных программ для достижения в них необходимого баланса компетенций.The research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Programme of Development within the Priority-2030 Programme) is gratefully acknowledged.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках Программы развития Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина в соответствии с программой стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030»

Comparative analysis of oxidative metabolism indicators at acute alcohol and acute surrogate alcohol intoxication

High level of population alcoholization is the cause of many cases of acute alcohol and alcoholic surrogate intoxication. The number of alcohol intoxication cases in Kazakhstan in 2014 amounted to 13891 (80.3 per 100 000 people), the number of fatal intoxication cases amounted to 882 (5.1 per 100 000 people). The problem of alcoholization in Russia remains urgent as well: according to the statistics of 2014,152 551 cases of acute intoxication of chemical etiology were registered, 33.9 % of cases occurred due to alcohol intoxication. Alcoholic beverages in the course of their biotransformation to acetic acid can form oxygen free radicals in particular superoxide anion as a byproduct of acetic aldehyde oxidation reaction. Studies on oxidative metabolism of ethanol intoxication are currently being conducted. At the same time, the state of oxidative metabolism during alcoholic surrogate intoxication was not practically investigated. Evaluation of oxidative metabolism depending on the severity of alcohol or its surrogate intoxication is of special interest. The aim was to compare oxidative metabolism indicators among patients with acute alcohol and alcoholic surrogate intoxication of different severity. The object of the study was blood of 62 people with diagnosed moderate or severe degrees of acute alcohol and alcoholic surrogate intoxication. Indicators of oxidative metabolism in erythrocytes and blood plasma were estimated. Significant differences were found in product concentration of protein oxidation containing bityrosine crosslinks in blood plasma under increase of alcohol intoxication degree

Нейровизуализационные особенности строения головного мозга у детей с детским церебральным параличом, полученные методом магнитно-резонансной трактографии

Aim. To perform quantitative evaluation of the degree of white matter tract abnormalities in children with spastic cerebral palsy by magnetic resonance tractography to determine severity of the disease, as well as to carry out a dynamic assessment of treatment effectiveness.Materials and methods. The study included 46 children (32 males, 14 females; average age 5.4 ± 1.1 years). The participants were divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 23 children with spastic cerebral palsy. The control group included 23 children without any neurological disorder. Examination of the brain was performed on the Siemens Essenza 1,5 Т system (Siemens, Germany) and included magnetic resonance tractography to reconstruct the major white matter tracts. The number of fibers, average fractional anisotropy value, apparent diffusion coefficient, and coefficient of myelination of major white matter tracts in the brain were calculated and analyzed.Results. We found a significant difference in the above-stated parameters between the groups. The experimental group showed a decrease in the absolute number of fibers at the central and posterior segments of the corpus callosum, corticospinal tracts, and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Besides, we detected a decrease in fractional anisotropy at 2–5 segments of the corpus callosum and right lateral corticospinal tract, an increase in the apparent diffusion coefficient at 2, 4, and 5 segments of the corpus callosum and left lateral corticospinal tract, and a decrease in the myelination coefficient in all the examined tracts, except for superior longitudinal fasciculus. We revealed a positive correlation between the intensity of the motor disturbance and the coefficient of myelination at the anterior corpus callosum and inferior longitudinal fasciculus.Conclusion. Magnetic resonance tractography is an informative technique for unbiased evaluation of white matter tract anatomy, as well the level and degree of motor tract damage. The most useful characteristics of white matter tract anatomy are the absolute number of fibers in the tract, fractional anisotropy, and coefficient of myelination. Some of them correlated with the intensity of motor disturbance, so they can be regarded as potential predictors of rehabilitation potential. Цель. Количественная оценка степени нарушений развития проводящих путей головного мозга у детей со спастическими формами детского церебрального паралича (ДЦП) методами магнитно-резонансной (МР) трактографии для определения тяжести заболевания, а также оценка динамики эффективности лечения.Материалы и методы. Обследованы 46 детей 4–7 лет (средний возраст (5,4 ± 1,1) лет), из них 14 девочек (33%) и 32 мальчика (66%). Пациенты разделены на две группы. Исследуемую группу составили 23 пациента со спастическими формами ДЦП. В контрольную группу вошли 23 ребенка без неврологического дефицита. Исследование головного мозга проводилось на МР-томографе Siemens Essenza 1,5 Т (Siemens, Германия) и включало метод МР-трактографии. Были рассчитаны и обработаны: количество волокон, средний показатель фракционной анизотропии, коэффициент диффузии, коэффициент миелинизации основных проводящих путей головного мозга.Результаты. Выявлена достоверная разница указанных выше показателей между пациентами исследуемой и контрольной групп. У детей с ДЦП отмечалось снижение абсолютного количества волокон в области центральных и заднего сегментов мозолистого тела, кортикоспинальных трактов и левого нижнего продольного пучка. Также определялось снижение показателя фракционной анизотропии волокон в области 2–5-го сегментов мозолистого тела, правого кортикоспинального тракта; повышение коэффициента диффузии в области 2, 4, 5-го сегментов и левого кортикоспинального тракта; снижение коэффициента миелинизации во всех исследуемых трактах, за исключением верхних продольных пучков. Выявлена положительная корреляция между  выраженностью моторного дефицита и коэффициентом миелинизации в области переднего сегмента мозолистого тела и нижних продольных пучков.Заключение. МР-трактография является информативным методом объективной оценки организации проводящих путей головного мозга, уровня и степени поражения моторных трактов. Наиболее информативными характеристиками организации проводящих путей являются абсолютное количество волокон в тракте, показатель фракционной анизотропии, а также расчетный показатель – коэффициент миелинизации. Некоторые из выявленных изменений коррелировали с выраженностью моторного дефицита, что позволяет рассматривать их как потенциальные предикторы реабилитационного прогноза

Landscape science: a Russian geographical tradition

The Russian geographical tradition of landscape science (landshaftovedenie) is analyzed with particular reference to its initiator, Lev Semenovich Berg (1876-1950). The differences between prevailing Russian and Western concepts of landscape in geography are discussed, and their common origins in German geographical thought in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are delineated. It is argued that the principal differences are accounted for by a number of factors, of which Russia's own distinctive tradition in environmental science deriving from the work of V. V. Dokuchaev (1846-1903), the activities of certain key individuals (such as Berg and C. O. Sauer), and the very different social and political circumstances in different parts of the world appear to be the most significant. At the same time it is noted that neither in Russia nor in the West have geographers succeeded in specifying an agreed and unproblematic understanding of landscape, or more broadly in promoting a common geographical conception of human-environment relationships. In light of such uncertainties, the latter part of the article argues for closer international links between the variant landscape traditions in geography as an important contribution to the quest for sustainability

Complex Estimation of Strength Properties of Functional Materials on the Basis of the Analysis of Grain-Phase Structure Parameters

The technique allows analysis using grain-phase structure of the functional material to evaluate its performance, particularly strength properties. The technique is based on the use of linguistic variable in the process of comprehensive evaluation. An example of estimating the strength properties of steel reinforcement, subject to special heat treatment to obtain the desired grain-phase structure