2,521 research outputs found
Testing logarithmic violations to scaling in strongly coupled QED
Using very precise measurements of the critical couplings for the chiral
transition of non compact with up to 8 flavours, we analyse the
behaviour of the order parameter at the critical point using the equation of
state of a logarithmically improved scalar mean field theory, that of the
Nambu-Jona Lasinio theory and a pure power law. The first case is definitively
excluded by the numerical data. The stability of the fits for the last two
cases, as well as the behaviour with the number of flavours of the exponent of
the logarithmic violations to the scaling favour clearly a pure power law
scaling with non mean field exponents.Comment: 6 pages, 3 postscript figures, 2 postscript tables (tar-ed, zip-ed,
uu-encoded
Complementary vertices and adjacency testing in polytopes
Our main theoretical result is that, if a simple polytope has a pair of
complementary vertices (i.e., two vertices with no facets in common), then it
has at least two such pairs, which can be chosen to be disjoint. Using this
result, we improve adjacency testing for vertices in both simple and non-simple
polytopes: given a polytope in the standard form {x \in R^n | Ax = b and x \geq
0} and a list of its V vertices, we describe an O(n) test to identify whether
any two given vertices are adjacent. For simple polytopes this test is perfect;
for non-simple polytopes it may be indeterminate, and instead acts as a filter
to identify non-adjacent pairs. Our test requires an O(n^2 V + n V^2)
precomputation, which is acceptable in settings such as all-pairs adjacency
testing. These results improve upon the more general O(nV) combinatorial and
O(n^3) algebraic adjacency tests from the literature.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. v1: published in COCOON 2012. v2: full journal
version, which strengthens and extends the results in Section 2 (see p1 of
the paper for details
International energy agency ocean energy systems task 10 wave energy converter modeling verification and validation
This is the first joint reference paper for the Ocean
Energy Systems (OES) Task 10 Wave Energy Converter modeling
verification and validation group. The group is established
under the OES Energy Technology Network program under the
International Energy Agency. OES was founded in 2001 and
Task 10 was proposed by Bob Thresher (National Renewable
Energy Laboratory) in 2015 and approved by the OES Executive
Committee EXCO in 2016. The kickoff workshop took place in
September 2016, wherein the initial baseline task was defined.
Experience from similar offshore wind validation/verification
projects (OC3-OC5 conducted within the International Energy
Agency Wind Task 30) [1], [2] showed that a simple test
case would help the initial cooperation to present results in
a comparable way. A heaving sphere was chosen as the first
test case. The team of project participants simulated different
numerical experiments, such as heave decay tests and regular
and irregular wave cases. The simulation results are presented
and discussed in this paper.IEA-OES Task 1
Noncommutativity, generalized uncertainty principle and FRW cosmology
We consider the effects of noncommutativity and the generalized uncertainty
principle on the FRW cosmology with a scalar field. We show that, the
cosmological constant problem and removability of initial curvature singularity
find natural solutions in this scenarios.Comment: 8 pages, to appear in IJT
Monte Carlo analysis and fuzzy sets for uncertainty propagation in SIS performance assessment
Classification of protein interaction sentences via gaussian processes
The increase in the availability of protein interaction studies in textual format coupled with the demand for easier access to the key results has lead to a need for text mining solutions. In the text processing pipeline, classification is a key step for extraction of small sections of relevant text. Consequently, for the task of locating protein-protein interaction sentences, we examine the use of a classifier which has rarely been applied to text, the Gaussian processes (GPs). GPs are a non-parametric probabilistic analogue to the more popular support vector machines (SVMs). We find that GPs outperform the SVM and na\"ive Bayes classifiers on binary sentence data, whilst showing equivalent performance on abstract and multiclass sentence corpora. In addition, the lack of the margin parameter, which requires costly tuning, along with the principled multiclass extensions enabled by the probabilistic framework make GPs an appealing alternative worth of further adoption
Do solar neutrinos decay?
Despite the fact that the solar neutrino flux is now well-understood in the
context of matter-affected neutrino mixing, we find that it is not yet possible
to set a strong and model-independent bound on solar neutrino decays. If
neutrinos decay into truly invisible particles, the Earth-Sun baseline defines
a lifetime limit of \tau/m \agt 10^{-4} s/eV. However, there are many
possibilities which must be excluded before such a bound can be established.
There is an obvious degeneracy between the neutrino lifetime and the mixing
parameters. More generally, one must also allow the possibility of active
daughter neutrinos and/or antineutrinos, which may partially conceal the
characteristic features of decay. Many of the most exotic possibilities that
presently complicate the extraction of a decay bound will be removed if the
KamLAND reactor antineutrino experiment confirms the large-mixing angle
solution to the solar neutrino problem and measures the mixing parameters
precisely. Better experimental and theoretical constraints on the B
neutrino flux will also play a key role, as will tighter bounds on absolute
neutrino masses. Though the lifetime limit set by the solar flux is weak, it is
still the strongest direct limit on non-radiative neutrino decay. Even so,
there is no guarantee (by about eight orders of magnitude) that neutrinos from
astrophysical sources such as a Galactic supernova or distant Active Galactic
Nuclei will not decay.Comment: Very minor corrections, corresponds to published versio
Search for Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a triangular Ising antiferromagnet with further-neighbour ferromagnetic interactions
We investigate an antiferromagnetic triangular Ising model with anisotropic
ferromagnetic interactions between next-nearest neighbours, originally proposed
by Kitatani and Oguchi (J. Phys. Soc. Japan {\bf 57}, 1344 (1988)). The phase
diagram as a function of temperature and the ratio between first- and second-
neighbour interaction strengths is thoroughly examined. We search for a
Kosterlitz-Thouless transition to a state with algebraic decay of correlations,
calculating the correlation lengths on strips of width up to 15 sites by
transfer-matrix methods. Phenomenological renormalization, conformal invariance
arguments, the Roomany-Wyld approximation and a direct analysis of the scaled
mass gaps are used. Our results provide limited evidence that a
Kosterlitz-Thouless phase is present. Alternative scenarios are discussed.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX 3; 11 Postscript figures (uuencoded); to appear in
Phys. Rev. E (1995
Interactions between proteins bound to biomembranes
We study a physical model for the interaction between general inclusions
bound to fluid membranes that possess finite tension, as well as the usual
bending rigidity. We are motivated by an interest in proteins bound to cell
membranes that apply forces to these membranes, due to either entropic or
direct chemical interactions. We find an exact analytic solution for the
repulsive interaction between two similar circularly symmetric inclusions. This
repulsion extends over length scales of order tens of nanometers, and contrasts
with the membrane-mediated contact attraction for similar inclusions on
tensionless membranes. For non circularly symmetric inclusions we study the
small, algebraically long-ranged, attractive contribution to the force that
arises. We discuss the relevance of our results to biological phenomena, such
as the budding of caveolae from cell membranes and the striations that are
observed on their coats.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure
The Value of Information for Populations in Varying Environments
The notion of information pervades informal descriptions of biological
systems, but formal treatments face the problem of defining a quantitative
measure of information rooted in a concept of fitness, which is itself an
elusive notion. Here, we present a model of population dynamics where this
problem is amenable to a mathematical analysis. In the limit where any
information about future environmental variations is common to the members of
the population, our model is equivalent to known models of financial
investment. In this case, the population can be interpreted as a portfolio of
financial assets and previous analyses have shown that a key quantity of
Shannon's communication theory, the mutual information, sets a fundamental
limit on the value of information. We show that this bound can be violated when
accounting for features that are irrelevant in finance but inherent to
biological systems, such as the stochasticity present at the individual level.
This leads us to generalize the measures of uncertainty and information usually
encountered in information theory
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