Um imunoensaio rápido para a detecção de alfa-trembolona em urina bovina

Brazil is one of the many countries that forbids the use of anabolic compounds, which generates difficulties on monitoring its use, once it has one of the biggest cattle herd. Therefore, several anabolic compounds are used, including trenbolone acetate. With the agreement of "Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento", an ELISA based test was done with the production of polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and testing in steers urine which received trenbolone acetate implants. The test showed to be cheap, easy and reliable to use in bovine urine to determine alfa- trenbolone, trenbolone acetate major metabolite, released in the animals urine until 60 days after implant was been injected. The results in comparison to the ones obtained by the commercial kit used by the Brazilian "Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento" were similar, with no significant differences.O Brasil está entre os países que mantêm o uso de anabolizantes proibido, o que gera dificuldades muito grandes no monitoramento destas substâncias, uma vez que possui o maior rebanho bovino. Contudo, diversas substâncias são largamente utilizadas, entre as quais o acetato de trembolona. Com o consentimento do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, foram produzidos anticorpos policlonais para um teste baseado em ELISA ("enzyme linked immunosorbent assay") capazes de detectar acetato de trembolona na urina de bovinos tratados com trembolona. O teste apresentou baixo custo e de fácil execução para a detecção de alfa-trembolone, o principal metabólito na absorção do acetato de trembolona, liberado na urina dos animais. Os resultados foram similares aos obtidos com o "kit" comercial usado pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil

Contribution of the media to promote cardiovascular health

Objective: to analyze the contribution of the media for promoting cardiovascular health. Method: case study, qualitative, theoretically based on the method of Paulo Freire for reasoning and data analysis. The research was conducted using as a scenario the "Bem Estar" TV program of "Rede Globo", in the episodes whose thematic was cardiovascular disease. Results: there was a concern of the program to involve participants in the educational process, ensuring, in a mediated way, their involvement in the educational process. However, there are limitations to the adoption of a model of liberating education as proposed by Paulo Freire. Another finding was the absence of nursing professionals as collaborators. Conclusion: the study allowed the expansion of knowledge about a subject not explored by Nursing, reaffirming the importance of more qualified professionals related to participation in the educational act

O ensino médio integrado na perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica

This article proposes to reflect on the relations between historical-critical pedagogy in line with the perspective of integrated secondary education. Integrated Secondary Education assumes an integrated training perspective based on the founding categories of omnilaterality, polytechnics and the integrated dimensions of each other (work, science, technology and culture). For the professional and technological education in Brazil presents in its historical context the duality between education directed to the activities of the intellectuality and those around the manual activities directed to the making of the worker, socially discredited. It is the classic division between general, propaedeutic and vocational training. Thus, it aims to discuss the pedagogical contributions of historical-critical pedagogy in the context of integrated secondary education with a view to integrated training. For that, a bibliographic study was started associating the assumptions of the referred pedagogy to the object of study of the research that is the Integrated High School to Professional and Technological Education, using as theoretical base Mizukami (1986) Libâneo (1991), Gasparin (2002) Santos (2005), Ramos (2008) Saviani (2011) Araújo and Frigotto (2015), among others. The study revealed that, although there is not only a possible tendency to achieve the objectives of the integrated secondary education, the historical-critical progressive tendency, whose philosophical basis is historical dialectical materialism and Vygostski’s historical cultural theory is one of the main theories regarding the pedagogical practices in the context of integrated secondary education to recommend the commitment to social transformation and integrated training of students.Este artigo propõe refletir sobre a pedagogia histórico-crítica em consonância com a perspectiva do Ensino Médio Integrado. O Ensino Médio Integrado assume uma perspectiva de formação integrada a partir das categorias fundantes da omnilateralidade e politecnia e as dimensões integradas entre si (trabalho, ciência, tecnologia e cultura). A educação profissional e tecnológica no Brasil apresenta em seu contexto histórico a dualidade entre educação voltada para as atividades da intelectualidade e as em torno das atividades manuais direcionadas ao fazer do trabalhador, desprestigiado socialmente. É a divisão clássica entre a formação geral, propedêutica, e a profissionalizante. Assim, objetiva-se discutir as contribuições pedagógicas da pedagogia histórico-crítica no contexto do Ensino Médio Integrado com vista a formação integrada. Para tanto, partiu-se de um estudo bibliográfico associando os pressupostos da referida pedagogia ao objeto de estudo da pesquisa que é o Ensino Médio Integrado à Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, utilizando-se como base teórica Mizukami (1986), Libâneo (1991), Gasparin (2002), Santos (2005), Ramos (2008), Saviani (2011a), Araújo e Frigotto (2015), dentre outros. O estudo revelou que, embora não exista apenas uma tendência possível buscando atingir os objetivos do Ensino Médio Integrado, a tendência progressista histórico-crítica, cuja base filosófica é o materialismo histórico-dialético e a teoria histórico-cultural de Vygostski, consiste em uma das principais teorias no tocante as práticas pedagógicas no contexto do Ensino Médio Integrado ao preconizar o compromisso com a transformação social e a formação integrada dos estudantes

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Sucre y Bolívar

A lo largo del curso se ha trabajado de manera conjunta un tema que ha sido de gran relevancia e importancia en nuestro país como lo es la violencia armada, pero que a raíz de los diferentes contextos en los que estos se han desarrollado, se le ha dado por ende un abordaje diferente a cada uno de ellos. Es importante recalcar que la violencia ha sido hoy por hoy un recurrente en la vida de aquellas familias que han sido sacadas o vulneradas de sus comunidades, pueblos, veredas, municipios y demás, y que por ende han hecho parte del olvido de las generaciones que han estado inmiscuidos como entes territoriales, gubernamentales y nacionales que han estado a cargo de las políticas públicas quienes son los encargados de darle un mejor manejo a esta problemática, cabe destacar que la violencia no es sólo física, hay violencia social, económica, familiar, sexual, entre otras. En este apartado se evidencia el caso de Camilo y el caso de Peñas Coloradas, relatos de vidas que dan cuentan de la poca colaboración o ayuda del estado, vulneración de derechos, falta de recursos, olvido, desalojos de tierras, víctimas de la violencia, perdida de propósito de vida y bienestar psicológico, dolor, desesperanza, pero sobre todo sobrevivientes de una situación que marca su vida por un hecho traumático. Los relatos de violencias le permiten al psicólogo realizar un abordaje psicosocial, estableciendo estrategias desde, la narrativa, lo subjetivo, lo simbólico y la memoria herramientas pertinentes para mejorar hechos traumáticos.Throughout the course, a topic that has been of great relevance and importance in our country, such as armed violence, has been worked on jointly, but as a result of the different contexts in which these have been developed, it has been therefore given a different approach to each of them. It is important to emphasize that violence has today been a recurring feature in the lives of those families that have been removed or violated from their communities, towns, villages, municipalities, and others, and that therefore have been part of the oblivion of the generations that They have been involved as territorial entities, governments and nationals that have been in charge of public policies who are in charge of giving better management to this problem, it should be noted that violence is not only physical, there is social, economic, family violence, sex, among others. In this section we will work with a particular case and it is the case of Camilo and the case of Peñas Coloradas, which was established by its own inhabitants without receiving collaboration or help from the state, but which unfortunately was condemned and censored for collaborating in a way directly and indirectly with a group outside the law, in this case (La Guerrilla), they were also told to market the drug and take advantage of it for their economic development. The stories of violence allow the psychologist to carry out a psychosocial approach, present strategies from the narrative, the subjective, the symbolic and memory, relevant tools to improve traumatic events

Identificação do vírus do mosaico do tomateiro (ToMV) Tobamovirus, por meio de anticorpos monoclonais

O tomateiro é uma olerícola de grande importância econômica e uma das mais suscetíveis a viroses, dentre as quais, a causada pelo vírus do mosaico do tomateiro (ToMV), gênero Tobamovirus, que tem como sintomas mosaico verde claro-escuro nas folhas, afilamento dos folíolos e diminuição da produção, entre outros sintomas. Visando a identificação do ToMV, foram produzidos anticorpos monoclonais (MAbs), testados através de PTA- ELISA ("plate trapped antigen- enzyme linked immunoassay"). O MAb (10.H1) foi utilizado para avaliar a capacidade de identificação do ToMV em testes no campo em plantas de tomate infectadas. O MAb não apresentou reação cruzada com TMV (tobamovirus do mosaico do tabaco) nem com extrato de plantas sadias. O ToMV das amostras foi isolado, purificado e re-inoculado em plantas de tomateiro e de tabaco, para confirmação dos sintomas. Em "immunobloting" o MAb 10.H1 reconheceu somente a proteína referente à capa protéica do ToMV (de 17,5 kDa). A especificidade do MAb 10.H1 pode permitir o diagnóstico precoce desta doença na fase de plântulas, ainda em casa de vegetação, evitando assim a disseminação desta virose no campo.Tomato is a highly important crop for the world economy, and very susceptible to virus diseases, among them the tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV), which causes light and dark green mosaic in the leaves, decreases yield, among other symptoms. With the aim of early identifying ToMV in biological material, harvested from crop fields, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against ToMV. The MAb 10.H1 tested through PTA-ELISA (Plate Trapped Antigen--Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay), does not cross-react with TMV (tobacco mosaic tobamovirus) or with proteins extracted from plant sap. The MAb was able to identify ToMV from infected plants. The ToMV was isolated, purified and used to re-inoculate tobacco and tomato plants to confirm the symptoms. In immunoblotting assays the MAb recognizes only the band corresponding to the coat protein of the ToMV (17.5 kDa). The MAb 10.H1 opens the possibility to identify ToMV in tomato seedlings avoiding its dissemination in cropped fields

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Protocolos e normas para uso de animais de laboratório para produção de anticorpos e soros

Neste trabalho estão recomendados, de forma detalhada, todos os procedimentos a serem avaliados na escolha do animal para produção de anticorpos policlonais, avaliando procedimentos padrão, procurando o bem-estar animal aliado à otimização de tecnologias. Esse trabalho reúne as normas discutidas e publicadas pela Comunidade Européia, organizada pelo Centro Europeu de Validação de Métodos Alternativos (ECVAM European Centre for Validation of Alternative Methods) e a Legislação Brasileira do uso de animais de Laboratório, representada pelo COBEA

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to identify tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

O tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) é uma olerícola de grande importância econômica e uma das mais suscetíveis a viroses, dentre as quais, o tobamovírus do mosaico do tomateiro (ToMV), que causa mosaicos verde claro-escuro nas folhas, afilamento de folíolos, diminuição da produção, entre outros sintomas. Visando a identificação precoce do ToMV, foram produzidos anticorpos monoclonais (MAbs) e anticorpos policlonais. Dentre os MAbs produzidos, escolheu-se aquele que apresentou melhor título em PTA- ELISA ("plate trapped antigen- enzyme linked immunoassay") sem reação cruzada com tobamovírus do mosaico do tabaco (TMV) e com proteínas do extrato da planta. Este MAb (10.Hl), juntamente com os anticorpos policlonais, foram utilizados para avaliar a capacidade de identificação do ToMV em testes de campo com plantas de tomate infectadas. Destas plantas foi isolado o ToMV, que foi purificado e re-inoculado em plantas de tomateiro e de tabaco, para confirmação dos sintomas. Em imuno blot os anticorpos policlonais permitiram reconhecer duas bandas protéicas (de 17,5 kDA e de 30 kDa) enquanto que o MAb 10.Hl reconheceu somente a proteína referente à capa protéica do ToMV (de 17,5 kDa). A maior especificidade do MAb 10.Hl pode permitir o diagnóstico precoce desta doença na fase de plântulas, ainda em casa de vegetação, evitando assim a disseminação desta virose no campo.The tomato crops are one of the most important vegetables for the world economy and it is very susceptible to vírus diseases, among them the tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) that causes light and dark green mosaic in the leaves, decreases the production, among other symptoms. With the aim to early identify ToMV in biological material, harvested from crop fields, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal antibodies were produced against ToMV. The MAb 10.Hl was chosen by PTA-ELISA (Plate Trapped Antigen-Enzyme-Linked immunoassay) and do not crossreact with TMV (tobacco mosaic tobamovirus) or with proteins extracted from plant sap. The MAb and the polyclonal antibodies produced were able to identify ToMV from infected plants collected in field. These plants were used to isolate the virus, which were purified and used to re-inoculate tobacco and tomato plants to confirm the symptoms. ln immunoblots assays the polyclonal antibodies recognize two protein bands (17.5 kDA and the 30 kDa bands) and the MAb recognizes only the band corresponding to the coat protein of the ToMV (17.5 kDa). The MAb 10.Hl opens the possibility to identify ToMV in tomato seedlings avoiding its dissemination in the crop fields