National Land-Use Planning in America: Something Whose Time Has Never Come

This Essay discusses the legal and institutional structure for land use planning and regulation in the United States, concluding that the national government has not and does not practice what would constitute national land-use planning as that term is commonly understood in the United States and abroad

Outcomes Following Heart Transplantation In A National Cohort: An Analysis Of The Organ Procurement And Transplantation Network’s Database

In this analysis, we examine a large national cohort within the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network’s (OPTN) United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database for the purpose of determining the impact of a recipient history of myocarditis as well as donor/recipient ABO compatibility on outcomes following heart transplantation. We used a nationwide sample with primary stratification between ABO identical and compatible heart transplantations or transplant recipients diagnosed with myocarditis and those diagnosed with ischemic or idiopathic cardiomyopathy. The primary end-point was graft failure from all causes. Post-transplant survival was compared between groups using univariate Kaplan-Meier as well as multivariate Cox proportional hazard and logistic regression models. ABO compatible recipients were generally sicker than ABO identical recipients before transplant as a larger proportion were Status 1A, in the ICU, and on mechanical ventilatory support (p \u3c 0.05). Multivariate analysis did not demonstrate adverse outcomes associated with ABO compatible transplants in terms of decreased graft survival (hazard ratio 0.99, p = 0.87). Blood type O donor grafts, however, were associated with poorer outcomes compared with all other types (p \u3c 0.05), which has important implications for current graft allocation policies. For recipients with a history of myocarditis, survival was comparable with ischemic or idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Patients with myocarditis were more likely to be female, younger, in the ICU before transplant, and on ECMO, ventilatory support, and VAD pre-transplant (p \u3c 0.05). Transplant recipients diagnosed with myocarditis were more likely to die from acute (p \u3c 0.05) and chronic graft failure (p \u3c 0.05). Strategies to safely bridge these patients to transplant such as mechanical circulatory support should be considered earlier in the disease. Furthermore, this analysis suggests that post-transplant outcomes of patients with a history of myocarditis could be improved with more intensive immunosuppression

Zoning for Dollars: New Rules for an Old Game? Comments on the Municipal Art Society and Nollan Cases

This Article explores the extent to which these decisions undermine incentive zoning

The Effects of Various Carbon Sources and the Presence of Vitamin B-12 on the Production of 1,3-propanediol by \u3cem\u3eL. reuteri.\u3c/em\u3e

Dairy product preservation has evolved over thousands of years and has been a major benefit to humanity by creating stable, nutrient-dense food sources. Today the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri is important in preserving fermented dairy products through the production of the compound reuterin. Reuterin (1,3-propanediol) demonstrates antibiotic properties that prevent the fermentation of dairy products by undesirable bacteria. The purpose of this study is to determine if L. reuteri can produce 1,3-propanediol from a variety of carbon sources. Bacterial strains were incubated in the presence of a carbon source with vitamin B-12 or without B-12 for seven days with samples taken on days 0,1 and 7. Substrate carbon sources included 1,2-propanediol, lactate, hydroxyacetone, acetone, and glycerol. GC-MS is an effective method to identify compounds for metabolomic analysis however it requires that the analytes be volatile. Trimethylsilylation was used to achieve necessary volatility by replacing acidic protons in carboxylic acids, amines, thiols, and hydroxides with a trimethylsilyl (TMS) group. The samples were mixed with ribitol as an internal standard and a mixture of acetonitrile, isopropanol, and water. To achieve silylation samples were derivatized with methoxamine hydrochloride in pyridine followed with N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). Fatty acid methyl esters were also added as an internal standard and the samples were then submitted to the GC-MS. A method for analyte identification was developed by comparing reference indices and mass spectral data to AMDIS and Shimadzu GC-MS libraries. This method was then used on all samples to detect changes in metabolite presence. The data will ascertain under what conditions L. reuteri can produce the antibiotic compound 1,3-propanediol. This information will allow producers to better preserve dairy products consequently increasing shelf life and food safety.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/fsrs2021/1031/thumbnail.jp

A 3-Dimensional Approach to Projectile Point Classification

Typologies have long been used by archaeologists to answer questions about the past, ranging from issues of site chronology to tool function. However, current methods are hampered by subjective misclassifications as well as a loss of the range of variability among different tool forms due to a process that forces them into singular types. This thesis looks to create a simple and reliable technique of projectile point classification. It is also the author’s goal to use a classification system that monitors cultural transmission over time. This objective is addressed with an Archaic projectile point sequence from the Albertson site in Ozark region in Northwest Arkansas. A structured-light 3D scanner was used to create complete 3D models of the artifacts that includes several projectile point types. This was done to improve the accuracy and replicability of measurements. Several different quantitative attributes were examined using cluster analysis. The results indicate that current projectile point types applied to the site are suitable for answering questions of site chronology. However, they are inadequate for questions of social interaction

Evaluating Blood Pressure and Hypertension Awareness in Municipal Workers in the Southeast US

The primary purpose of this study was to describe municipal workers’ blood pressure (BP) status and awareness; the secondary purpose was to examine the association between BP misconception and department. Municipal employees in a southeastern rural community (n=75) were asked to participate in a 15-minute survey, including the BASIS Hypertension Awareness survey, and blood pressure measurements to determine hypertension risk. Results show a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between police with a higher DBP of 87.64 ± 10.9 mm Hg and fire departments 78.98 ± 11.1 mm Hg (p=0.005), a significant difference in DBP between city hall/public works with a DBP of 86.47 ± 7.8 mm Hg and the lower DBP of the fire department of 78.98 ± 11.1 mm Hg (p=0.039), and a significant difference in total BASIS score between city hall/public works with a higher score of 4.58 ± 2.4 compared to the police department score of 3.01 ± 1.4 (p=0.017). It is recommended that lifestyle changes are utilized with municipal workers to manage blood pressure and improve blood pressure awareness such as regular BP testing, dietary changes, consistent physical activity, reducing physical inactivity, sleeping 6-8 hours per night, and limiting occupational stress

Transverse Third-Damper to Improver Suspension Systems for In-wheel Motor Driven Electric Vehicles

Undergraduate Applie