8,465 research outputs found
Metric clusters in evolutionary games on scale-free networks
The evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas in structured populations has
been studied extensively in recent years. Whereas many theoretical studies have
found that a heterogeneous network of contacts favors cooperation, the impact
of spatial effects in scale-free networks is still not well understood. In
addition to being heterogeneous, real contact networks exhibit a high mean
local clustering coefficient, which implies the existence of an underlying
metric space. Here, we show that evolutionary dynamics in scale-free networks
self-organize into spatial patterns in the underlying metric space. The
resulting metric clusters of cooperators are able to survive in social dilemmas
as their spatial organization shields them from surrounding defectors, similar
to spatial selection in Euclidean space. We show that under certain conditions
these metric clusters are more efficient than the most connected nodes at
sustaining cooperation and that heterogeneity does not always favor--but can
even hinder--cooperation in social dilemmas. Our findings provide a new
perspective to understand the emergence of cooperation in evolutionary games in
realistic structured populations
Clear Visual Separation of Temporal Event Sequences
Extracting and visualizing informative insights from temporal event sequences
becomes increasingly difficult when data volume and variety increase. Besides
dealing with high event type cardinality and many distinct sequences, it can be
difficult to tell whether it is appropriate to combine multiple events into one
or utilize additional information about event attributes. Existing approaches
often make use of frequent sequential patterns extracted from the dataset,
however, these patterns are limited in terms of interpretability and utility.
In addition, it is difficult to assess the role of absolute and relative time
when using pattern mining techniques.
In this paper, we present methods that addresses these challenges by
automatically learning composite events which enables better aggregation of
multiple event sequences. By leveraging event sequence outcomes, we present
appropriate linked visualizations that allow domain experts to identify
critical flows, to assess validity and to understand the role of time.
Furthermore, we explore information gain and visual complexity metrics to
identify the most relevant visual patterns. We compare composite event learning
with two approaches for extracting event patterns using real world company
event data from an ongoing project with the Danish Business Authority.Comment: In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Symposium on Visualization in Data
Science (VDS), 201
Public and Private Welfare State Institutions: A Formal Theory of American Exceptionalism
I construct a model of public policy development, and use the model to explain why the United States has a comparatively small public sector, but instead a large "private welfare state" with employment-based benefits. The key factors are politically organized firms and labor unions. These interest groups can use campaign support to influence a political decision-maker who decides whether to implement a social benefit. In addition, the firms can influence the outcome indirectly by privately providing their own workers with the benefit. This setup leads to three possible outcomes. In the first, no one is provided the social benefit. In the second, all workers receive it through government provision. In the third, some workers receive the policy, through their employers. I argue that the features leading to the third equilibrium correspond closely to political institutions and industry characteristics of the US, while the features of the second equilibrium better describe European countries.Political Economy; Interest Groups; Institutions; Welfare States
- …