Bio-Analytical Method Development of Repaglinide Drug Delivery Systems

A sensitive, specific and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectroscopy method was developed and successfully validated to estimate the repaglinide in rabbit plasma. The solvent extraction method was used for  repaglinide from serum by using ethyl acetate and 0.1N HCl. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer pH 4.0 at 60:40 %v/v with 1% triethylamine at flow rate of 0.8ml/min and at fixed wavelength of 254nm. On ten minutes of run time, repaglinide was retention at 7.4min. The extraction efficiency 95% for repaglinide. The intra-day and inter-day precision was in the terms of %RSD less than 1.76%. The developed method was validated and proposed method is useful for pharmacokinetics studies.  Keywords: Anti-diabetics, HPLC,Methanol,Phosphate buffer, Repaglinid

A study on patients with alcohol dependence syndrome on tablet baclofen in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Many clinical trials indicate that baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist has efficacy for alcohol dependence to reduce the cravings of alcohol and it may also have certain common or rare ADRs.  Aim was to evaluate tablet baclofen’s adverse effects and sociodemographic profile in the treatment of ADS. Methods: This study was carried out in MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital Bangalore, India. The socio-demographic questionnaire and NADRP was administered to 100 patients who was on tablet baclofen with alcohol dependence syndrome that were diagnosed according to the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, as well as 100 subject all of whom gave their informed consent. The data were analysed using Microsoft excel. Results: As a result, this present data analysis revealing that alcohol addiction was more prevalent in the 36 to 50 age group, men among women. Primary school students were more addicted to alcohol, with non-professionals, rural areas, and nuclear families having higher addiction rates. Most alcohol dependence subjects have a tobacco history and comorbid mental and behavioral disorders. NADRP scales indicate no severe adverse drug reactions in alcohol dependence syndrome patients. Conclusions: Results showed that ADS is more prevalent in the adults, married patients lack of education, occupation, and family size also contributed to addiction. Rural areas had higher alcohol addictions than urban ones, and nuclear families were more likely to abuse drugs. The study concluded that tab. baclofen is a rational medicine for treating ADS

LOW POWER AND IMPROVED SPEED 1T DRAM USING DYNAMIC LOGIC

The new trend of the DRAM design is to characterize by its reliability, delay, low power dissipation, and area. This paper dealt with the design of 1-bit DRAM and efficient implementation of a sense amplifier. The proposed 1-bit DRAM designed using dynamic logic design. The proposed circuit consists of buffers, 1 transistor, and capacitor. The circuit is schematized by DSCH2 and layout designs are generated by Microwind CAD tool. The designed and proposed circuits are considered bypass logic and Boolean reduction technique that reduced number of transistors per designed cell logic. The circuits are simulated in various feature sizes namely CMOS 70 nm, CMOS 90 nm, CMOS 120nm and corresponding voltages 0.7 V, 1 V, 1.2 V respectively. Our proposed dynamic logic DRAM circuit has compared with the designed circuit and other existing circuits. Our proposed and designed circuit gives better results in terms of power dissipation, speed, and Area. (R-2) The projected 1-bit DRAM has an outcome and achieved low power 0.229 µW, the area of 22×13µm, the propagation delay of 21 ps and a speed of 0.17 GHz

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Silver Diamine Fluoride among Undergraduate Students

Background:  Silver diamine fluoride is effective, as it arrests nearly 80% of the treated lesions. It is efficient and can be applied with minimum training in less than 1 minute by health professionals in various health and  community settings. It is patient-centered and meets the instant needs of a child in one treatment session    as it is minimally invasive and painless.  Aim:  The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards silver diamine fluoride among undergraduate students.  Methodology:  A self-validated questionnaire of 15 questions based on silver diamine fluoride is shared to dental  students through e-mail. The obtained data were collected, descriptive analysis was done, tabulated and the results were interpreted using SPSS 26.0 software.   Results:  The study showed that 45.8% of participants were aware of silver diamine fluoride. Only 9.9% of  participants had done fluoride application with silver diamine fluoride and only 42% is aware of silver diamine fluoride is not commonly used. Conclusion:  The study concluded that the overall knowledge of the participants regarding the use of silver diamine fluoride is not adequate. Hence, the study suggested that expanded education about the    proper use, application, and limitations of SDF is needed and it can be obtained by attending conferences,  CDE programs, various lectures and seminars.&nbsp

Quantitative imaging of yeast cells using transport of intensity equation

In biology most microscopy specimens, in particular living cells are transparent. In cell imaging, it is hard to create an image of a cell which is transparent with a very small refractive index change with respect to the surrounding media. Various techniques like addition of staining and contrast agents, markers have been applied in the past for creating contrast. Many of the staining agents or markers are not applicable to live cell imaging as they are toxic. In this paper, we report theoretical and experimental results from quantitative phase imaging of yeast cells with a commercial bright field microscope. We reconstruct the phase of cells non-interferometrically based on the transport of intensity equations (TIE). This technique estimates the axial derivative from positive through-focus intensity measurements. This technique allows phase imaging using a regular microscope with white light illumination. We demonstrate nano-metric depth sensitivity in imaging live yeast cells using this technique. Experimental results will be shown in the paper demonstrating the capability of the technique in 3-D volume estimation of living cells. This real-time imaging technique would be highly promising in real-time digital pathology applications, screening of pathogens and staging of diseases like malaria as it does not need any preprocessing of samples

Impact of Swachh Bharat Mission on open-air defecation-free status in villages under the rural field practice area of a private medical college in Kanchipuram: A Cross-sectional study

Background: Eradicating open-air defecation (OAD) by promoting the use of toilets in each household is one of the objectives of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), also known as the "Clean India Mission," which was launched by the Indian government in 2014. This study was planned to monitor the progress of the mission, five years after its implementation, with the objectives of assessing household knowledge of SBM, determining the number of households that have constructed sanitary latrines under the mission, and estimating the prevalence of for practicing OAD and not utilizing the SBM toilets. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 440 households (n = 440) in 10 villages of rural field practice area of a private medical college in Kanchipuram. Each household (one participant from each household) was the sampling unit and were selected by simple random sampling using the Probability Proportion to Size (PPS) method. Data was collected using Semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Almost 78% (n = 343) of the participants were aware that the government was constructing toilets but among them only 8.6% (n = 38) knew that it was built under the SBM. Among the study participants 95.5% (n = 420) of the households have sanitary latrines in their house and 55.9% (n = 246) constructed toilets under the SBM scheme. The prevalence of open-air defecation (OAD) was found to be 45.9% (n =202). Pits filling up quickly (42.3%), feeling uncomfortable (17.5%), inadequate toilet size (8.9%), and combination of the above (9.3%) were the reasons for not utilizing SBM toilets. Reasons for practicing OAD were 130 (29.5%) comfort as the main reason, while 52 (11.8%) used for other purposes like storage, 20 (4.5%) reported no sanitary latrines at home. Association was found between age (p = 0.000), education (p = 0.003), socioeconomic status (p = 0.001), and number of family members (p-value = 0.002) with practicing of OAD. Conclusion: SBM knowledge was low among the participants. Though households-built toilets under SBM missions, there were reasons for not using them. Despite five years of SBM success, many households in the study area still practice OAD. Reinforcement is needed in improving sanitation in the study area. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v14.i3.489