Arqueología del genocidio en Tucumán: Biografías, inhumaciones, espacios concentracionarios y cartografías

Los trabajos forenses realizados por el Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán (CAMIT), en el marco de causas judiciales, posibilitaron tanto recuperar e identificar nominalmente a 113 personas en el denominado “Pozo de Vargas” como así también contribuir con pruebas referidas a la dinámica del Centro de Exterminio que funcionó en el predio militar Compañía de Arsenales Miguel de Azcuénaga. Estas investigaciones pusieron en manifiesto las estrechas relaciones entre una diversidad de lugares que fueron integrados a la política de exterminio diseñada por las fuerzas de seguridad y armadas durante el período comprendido entre los años 1975 y 1983. En efecto, no es posible dimensionar las características que asumió el genocidio a escala provincial si no se vinculan materialidades y testimonios y que viabilizan -conjuntamente- dar cuenta de la complejidad de la persecución, represión y exterminio de una importante fracción social. Durante los últimos años desde el equipo nos abocamos a determinar las biografías de cada uno/a de los/las hombres y mujeres recuperados/as en el Pozo de Vargas, para ello centramos la atención en: la información disponible en cada caso (ampliándola con nuevas indagaciones –entrevistas, relevamiento en distintos archivos, etc.–, reevaluación de la información disponible, etc.); definir grupos hacia el interior del universo de identificados hasta el momento en dicha inhumación clandestina (los grupos fueron delimitados considerando distintas variables tales como: militancias sociales y políticas; trabajo y ocupación; etc.); y, evaluando la información disponible sobre los lugares donde atravesaron sus experiencias concentracionarias (en Tucumán y en otras provincias). Como resultado preliminar –en esta primera etapa del trabajo prestamos mayor atención a la capital tucumana y al período comprendido entre 1975 y 1978- contamos actualmente con mayor información referida a las trayectorias de las personas: desde sus secuestros -y los distintos espacios de reclusión clandestinos por los que transitaron- hasta sus asesinatos y ocultamiento de los cuerpos en el Pozo de Vargas. Asimismo, tales itinerarios fueron incorporados a cartografías personales y colectivas que posibilitan evaluar, por ejemplo, aquellos aspectos de logística y diseño de circuitos a los fines de efectivizar el exterminio. Tales cartografías, además, destacan una diversidad de espacios –entre privados y públicos– involucrados a los fines de llevar a cabo una matanza como la perpetrada en la provincia de Tucumán. Toda esta información posibilita dimensionar las características que asumió el genocidio a una escala local.Fil: Ataliva, Víctor Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Colectivo de Arqueología Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Gerónimo, A.. Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Huetagoyena Gutiérrez, G.. Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Zurita, R. D.. Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Cano, S.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios Andinos; Argentina. Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Molina, L. R.. Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Romano, Andres Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Srur, Florencia Rocío. Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Lund, Julia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Arqueología y Museo; Argentina. Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, A.. Colectivo de Arqueología, Memoria e Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaXIV Jornadas Internas de Comunicaciones en Investigación, Docencia y ExtensiónSan Miguel de TucumánArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto Miguel Lill

Improved healing response in delayed unions of the tibia with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: results of a randomized sham-controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We compared the healing response of tibial delayed unions between subjects treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) (n = 51) and subjects treated with a sham device (n = 50). Fracture age was ≥ 4 months in all cases. Study personnel and participants were blinded to random treatment assignment throughout the study.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This multi-center randomized sham-controlled trial was undertaken at six hospitals in Germany. Adult patients who had sustained a tibial shaft fracture that subsequently showed inadequate progress toward healing (i.e., delayed union) were enrolled and randomized to receive either LIPUS (Exogen 2000/2000+, Smith & Nephew GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany) or an identical nonoperative sham device. The daily treatment duration was 20 minutes, for a period of 16 weeks. Subjects randomly assigned to active treatment had the ultrasound pressure wave signal set at the following parameters: 1.5 MHz frequency, 1 kHz repetition rate, 200 μs pulse duration, 30 mW/cm²spatial intensity. Progress toward healing was estimated from changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and gap area as determined from computed tomography scans. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted using a multiple imputation methodology.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Based on log-transformed data, mean improvement in BMD was 1.34 (90% confidence interval (CI) 1.14 to 1.57) times greater for LIPUS-treated subjects compared to sham (p = 0.002). A mean reduction in bone gap area also favored LIPUS treatment (p = 0.014).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These findings demonstrate significantly greater progress toward bone healing after LIPUS treatment compared to no LIPUS treatment in subjects with established delayed unions of the tibia.</p

Materialities and genocidal social practices (1975-1977). Reflections from the Pozo de Vargas (Tucumán, Argentina)

A partir de evidencias de distinta naturaleza (documentos escritos, testimonios orales, las identificaciones nominales de hombres y mujeres recuperados hasta el momento en el Pozo de Vargas, etc.), realizamos una aproximación preliminar a la dinámica represiva y las trayectorias de personas que revistieron, hasta hace poco tiempo atrás, la categoría de desaparecidos. Para ello repasamos brevemente los espacios clandestinos en los que fueron "vistos"; trazamos relaciones entre los distintos CCD's (Centros Clandestinos Detención); y entre éstos y el Pozo de Vargas a los fines de contribuir, desde casos concretos, a dimensionar las prácticas sociales genocidas en Tucumán en el período comprendido entre inicios de 1975 y fines de 1977.Fil: Ataliva, Víctor Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Gerónimo, Aldo Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Zurita, Ruy D.. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Molina Peña, Antonio Luciano. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Cano, Sergio Fabian. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Huetagoyena Gutiérrez, Gema. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Alejandro. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Ricardo F. Srur. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Lund, Julia. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Romano, Andres Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentin

Contributions from a located forensic archeology: two decades of interventions in Tucumán (Argentina)

A partir de dos intervenciones forenses se exponen los aportes de la arqueología en el proceso de gestación y desarrollo del campo técnico y científico judicial que investiga la violencia política y los crímenes de lesa humanidad en la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina) que tuvo lugar entre los años 1975 y 1983. Tal circunstancia -es decir, que la disciplina arqueológica haya sustentado la conformación del ámbito forense local, se sugiere, imprimió un carácter particular a la práctica forense que investiga este período. Se propone exponer la experiencia tucumana al centrarse en los resultados parciales de dos investigaciones forenses y en las que los aportes de la arqueología fueron claves para dimensionar las características que asumió el exterminio en Tucumán.We present from two forensic interventions the contributions of archaeology in the gestation and development process of the judicial technical and scientific field that investigates political violence and crimes against humanity in the province of Tucumán (Argentina) that took place between the years 1975 and 1983. Such a circumstance —that is, that the archaeological discipline has supported the conformation of the local forensic sphere—, we suggest, gave a particular character to the forensic practice that investigates this period. We propose to present the Tucuman experience focusing on the partial results of two forensic investigations and in which the contributions of archaeology were key to dimensioning the characteristics assumed by the extermination in TucumánFil: Ataliva, Víctor Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Zurita, Ruy D.. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Gerónimo, Aldo Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Romano, Andres Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Luciano Rodrigo. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Cano, Sergio Fabian. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Huetagoyena Gutierrez, Gema Guiomar. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Lund, Julia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Arqueología y Museo; Argentina. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Srur, R. Fabio. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Alejandro Martín. Colectivo Arqueología, Memoria E Identidad de Tucumán; Argentin

The SEC\u27s Misguided Climate Disclosure Rule Proposal

The following article adapts and consolidates two comment letters submitted last spring by a group of twenty-two professors of finance and law on the SEC’s proposed climate change disclosure rules. The professors reiterate their recommendation that the SEC withdraw its proposal as legally misguided, while outlining some of the issues that the proposal will face when challenged in court

Minimizing the evidence-practice gap – a prospective cohort study incorporating balance training into pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: We have recently demonstrated the efficacy of balance training in addition to Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) at improving measures of balance associated with an increased risk of falls in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Few knowledge translation (KT) projects have been conducted in rehabilitation settings. The goal of this study was to translate lessons learnt from efficacy studies of balance training into a sustainable clinical service. Methods: Health care professionals (HCPs) responsible for delivering PR were given an hour of instruction on the principles and practical application of balance training and the researchers offered advice regarding; prescription, progression and practical demonstrations during the first week. Balance training was incorporated three times a week into conventional PR programs. Following the program, HCPs participated in a focus group exploring their experiences of delivering balance training alongside PR. Service users completed satisfaction surveys as well as standardized measures of balance control. At six month follow-up, the sustainability of balance training was explored. Results: HCPs considered the training to be effective at improving balance and the support provided by the researchers was viewed as helpful. HCPs identified a number of strategies to facilitate balance training within PR, including; training twice a week, incorporating an interval training program for everyone enrolled in PR, providing visual aids to training and promoting independence by; providing a set program, considering the environment and initiating a home-based exercise program early. Nineteen service users completed the balance training [ten male mean (SD) age 73 (6) y]. Sixteen patients (84 %) enjoyed balance training and reported that it helped them with everyday activities and 18 (95 %) indicated their wish to continue with it. Scores on balance measures improved following PR that included balance training (all p < 0.05). At six month follow-up balance training is being routinely assessed and delivered as part of standardised PR. Conclusions: Implementing balance training into PR programs, with support and training for HCPs, is feasible, effective and sustainable. Trail registration Clinical Trials ID: NCT02080442 (05/03/2014) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0067-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected

Based on pre-DNA racial/color methodology, clinical and pharmacological trials have traditionally considered the different geographical regions of Brazil as being very heterogeneous. We wished to ascertain how such diversity of regional color categories correlated with ancestry. Using a panel of 40 validated ancestry-informative insertion-deletion DNA polymorphisms we estimated individually the European, African and Amerindian ancestry components of 934 self-categorized White, Brown or Black Brazilians from the four most populous regions of the Country. We unraveled great ancestral diversity between and within the different regions. Especially, color categories in the northern part of Brazil diverged significantly in their ancestry proportions from their counterparts in the southern part of the Country, indicating that diverse regional semantics were being used in the self-classification as White, Brown or Black. To circumvent these regional subjective differences in color perception, we estimated the general ancestry proportions of each of the four regions in a form independent of color considerations. For that, we multiplied the proportions of a given ancestry in a given color category by the official census information about the proportion of that color category in the specific region, to arrive at a “total ancestry” estimate. Once such a calculation was performed, there emerged a much higher level of uniformity than previously expected. In all regions studied, the European ancestry was predominant, with proportions ranging from 60.6% in the Northeast to 77.7% in the South. We propose that the immigration of six million Europeans to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries - a phenomenon described and intended as the “whitening of Brazil” - is in large part responsible for dissipating previous ancestry dissimilarities that reflected region-specific population histories. These findings, of both clinical and sociological importance for Brazil, should also be relevant to other countries with ancestrally admixed populations

Deficiency of a Niemann-Pick, Type C1-related Protein in Toxoplasma Is Associated with Multiple Lipidoses and Increased Pathogenicity

Several proteins that play key roles in cholesterol synthesis, regulation, trafficking and signaling are united by sharing the phylogenetically conserved ‘sterol-sensing domain’ (SSD). The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma possesses at least one gene coding for a protein containing the canonical SSD. We investigated the role of this protein to provide information on lipid regulatory mechanisms in the parasite. The protein sequence predicts an uncharacterized Niemann-Pick, type C1-related protein (NPC1) with significant identity to human NPC1, and it contains many residues implicated in human NPC disease. We named this NPC1-related protein, TgNCR1. Mammalian NPC1 localizes to endo-lysosomes and promotes the movement of sterols and sphingolipids across the membranes of these organelles. Miscoding patient mutations in NPC1 cause overloading of these lipids in endo-lysosomes. TgNCR1, however, lacks endosomal targeting signals, and localizes to flattened vesicles beneath the plasma membrane of Toxoplasma. When expressed in mammalian NPC1 mutant cells and properly addressed to endo-lysosomes, TgNCR1 restores cholesterol and GM1 clearance from these organelles. To clarify the role of TgNCR1 in the parasite, we genetically disrupted NCR1; mutant parasites were viable. Quantitative lipidomic analyses on the ΔNCR1 strain reveal normal cholesterol levels but an overaccumulation of several species of cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelins and ceramides. ΔNCR1 parasites are also characterized by abundant storage lipid bodies and long membranous tubules derived from their parasitophorous vacuoles. Interestingly, these mutants can generate multiple daughters per single mother cell at high frequencies, allowing fast replication in vitro, and they are slightly more virulent in mice than the parental strain. These data suggest that the ΔNCR1 strain has lost the ability to control the intracellular levels of several lipids, which subsequently results in the stimulation of lipid storage, membrane biosynthesis and parasite division. Based on these observations, we ascribe a role for TgNCR1 in lipid homeostasis in Toxoplasma

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

ARIA digital anamorphosis : Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed.Peer reviewe