Estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes con discapacidad en aulas de educación básica de la Amazonía peruana

In the process of educational inclusion, various ways have been tried to take advantage of the conditions in which basic education is developed, allowing the student with disabilities to learn with quality. Therefore, the purpose is to describe the design of strategies in inclusive education to improve the learning process in regular classrooms in the Peruvian Amazon. It is the product of a non-experimental descriptive study, with a sample of 183 teachers. It was found that the teachers of the regular institutions consider the use of basic techniques for the social development of the included child deficient, little use of multiple intelligences and active participation. For their part, teachers in inclusive classrooms indicate that techniques for resolving conflicts and decision-making techniques have not been incorporated. The teachers of the special center consider that importance has not been placed on the management and values ​​of inclusive teachers in the educational process, such as planning, identifying new opportunities to achieve heterogeneous groupings, social development and problem solving and the use of instruments such as the individual orientation plan and the psycho-pedagogical evaluation. Given this, methodological strategies were designed based on the theory of complexity and multiple intelligences that demonstrate their effectiveness, both in their theoretical conception and in practice, demonstrating effectiveness in the achievement of learning by included students.En el proceso de inclusión educativa, se ha intentado diversas formas para aprovechar las condiciones en las que se desarrolla la educación básica, que permita que el estudiante con discapacidad pueda aprender con calidad. Por ello, el propósito es describir el diseño de estrategias en la educación inclusiva para mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje en aulas normales en la amazonia peruana. Es producto de un estudio no experimental descriptivo propositiva, siendo la muestra de 183 docentes. Se encontró que los educadores de las instituciones regulares consideran deficiente el uso de técnicas básicas para el desarrollo social del niño incluido, escaso uso de las inteligencias múltiples y la participación activa. Por su parte, los maestros de las aulas inclusivas indican que no se han incorporado técnicas para resolver conflictos y técnicas de toma de decisiones. Los docentes del centro especial, consideran que no se ha puesto importancia en la gestión y los valores de los profesores inclusivos ante el proceso educativo, como la planificación, la identificación de nuevas oportunidades para conseguir agrupaciones heterogéneas, desarrollo social y la resolución de problemas y el uso de instrumentos como el plan de orientación individual y la evaluación psicopedagógica. Ante esto, se diseñó estrategias metodológicas fundamentado en la teoría de la complejidad y las inteligencias múltiples que demuestra su efectividad, tanto en su concepción teórica como en la práctica, demostrando eficacia en el logro de aprendizaje de estudiantes incluidos

Estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes con discapacidad en aulas de educación básica de la Amazonía peruana

In the process of educational inclusion, various ways have been tried to take advantage of the conditions in which basic education is developed, allowing the student with disabilities to learn with quality. Therefore, the purpose is to describe the design of strategies in inclusive education to improve the learning process in regular classrooms in the Peruvian Amazon. It is the product of a non-experimental descriptive study, with a sample of 183 teachers. It was found that the teachers of the regular institutions consider the use of basic techniques for the social development of the included child deficient, little use of multiple intelligences and active participation. For their part, teachers in inclusive classrooms indicate that techniques for resolving conflicts and decision-making techniques have not been incorporated. The teachers of the special center consider that importance has not been placed on the management and values ​​of inclusive teachers in the educational process, such as planning, identifying new opportunities to achieve heterogeneous groupings, social development and problem solving and the use of instruments such as the individual orientation plan and the psycho-pedagogical evaluation. Given this, methodological strategies were designed based on the theory of complexity and multiple intelligences that demonstrate their effectiveness, both in their theoretical conception and in practice, demonstrating effectiveness in the achievement of learning by included students.En el proceso de inclusión educativa, se ha intentado diversas formas para aprovechar las condiciones en las que se desarrolla la educación básica, que permita que el estudiante con discapacidad pueda aprender con calidad. Por ello, el propósito es describir el diseño de estrategias en la educación inclusiva para mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje en aulas normales en la amazonia peruana. Es producto de un estudio no experimental descriptivo propositiva, siendo la muestra de 183 docentes. Se encontró que los educadores de las instituciones regulares consideran deficiente el uso de técnicas básicas para el desarrollo social del niño incluido, escaso uso de las inteligencias múltiples y la participación activa. Por su parte, los maestros de las aulas inclusivas indican que no se han incorporado técnicas para resolver conflictos y técnicas de toma de decisiones. Los docentes del centro especial, consideran que no se ha puesto importancia en la gestión y los valores de los profesores inclusivos ante el proceso educativo, como la planificación, la identificación de nuevas oportunidades para conseguir agrupaciones heterogéneas, desarrollo social y la resolución de problemas y el uso de instrumentos como el plan de orientación individual y la evaluación psicopedagógica. Ante esto, se diseñó estrategias metodológicas fundamentado en la teoría de la complejidad y las inteligencias múltiples que demuestra su efectividad, tanto en su concepción teórica como en la práctica, demostrando eficacia en el logro de aprendizaje de estudiantes incluidos

El desarrollo moral y la violencia de género en estudiantes de una universidad pública

In the university environment, gender violence constitutes a risk factor for women, considering that this condition can generate from neurotic psychological manifestations, to the abandonment of the university career. In order to determine the relationship between moral development and gender violence, this study is cross-sectional applied to 160 students from a university institution in Peru, who voluntarily provided information; To modify moral development, the modified Socio-Moral Problems Questionnaire was applied ”, which presents 3 subscales where each corresponds to a dilemma and associated items from which a score is obtained, to assess gender violence, the evaluation of the type of gender violence, which consists of 42 items that evaluate two dimensions: physical - psychological behaviors and beliefs. As a result, it was found that both variables are associated, determined by the chi-square value of 13,698 and the significance value of 0.008, which is less than 0.05.En el ámbito universitario la violencia de género constituye un factor de riesgo para la mujer, considerando que esta condición puede generar desde manifestaciones psicológicas neuróticas, hasta el abandono de la carrera universitaria.   Con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre desarrollo de la moral y violencia de género, el presente estudio es de tipo transversal aplicado a 160 estudiantes de una institución universitaria en Perú, quienes brindaron información de modo voluntario; para precisar el desarrollo moral se aplicó el Cuestionario de Problemas Socio morales modificado”,  que presenta 3 subescalas donde cada una corresponde con un dilema y unos ítems asociados de donde se obtiene una puntuación, para evaluar la violencia de género, se utilizó la Escala de evaluación del tipo de violencia de género, que consta de 42 ítems que evalúan dos dimensiones: comportamientos físicos - psicológicos y creencias. Como resultado, se encontró que ambas variables se encuentran asociadas, determinado por el valor de chi cuadrado de 13.698 y el valor de significancia de 0,008, que es inferior 0.05

Teacher attitudes that favor a positive emotional climate in basic education classrooms

La educación formal se ha centrado principalmente en proveer conocimientos, con algunos intentos de formar actitudes.  En ese sentido se propone diseñar un programa para el cambio de actitudes en docentes para mejorar el clima emocional en el aula, con el uso de un diseño descriptivo propositivo y con una muestra de 305 estudiantes a través del muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se aplicó tres instrumentos de recolección de datos, una encuesta estudiantil, una reunión de grupos y una encuesta a docentes, se comprueba que el clima emocional presenta dificultades en la comunicación y baja expectativa del docente en el estudiante.  Además, la utilización de recursos emocionales como: comunicación asertiva, autoestima, proactividad e inteligencia emocional para la consecución de los objetivos que estimulen el desarrollo actitudinal de los estudiantes y generen aprendizaje significativo, se encuentra ausente en el trabajo docente. En función a estos resultados se plantea un programa de cambio de actitudes basada en la psicología cognitiva, la inteligencia emocional y la proactividad, con el propósito de incrementar la capacidad emocional del docente que favorezca el clima emocional en el aula.Formal education has focused mainly on providing knowledge, with some attempts to form attitudes. In this sense, it is proposed to design a program to change attitudes in teachers to improve the emotional climate in the classroom, with the use of a descriptive design and with a sample of 305 students through stratified random sampling. Three data collection instruments were applied, a student survey, a group meeting and a teacher survey, it is verified that the emotional climate presents difficulties in communication and low expectation of the teacher in the student. In addition, the use of emotional resources such as: assertive communication, self-esteem, proactivity and emotional intelligence to achieve the objectives that stimulate the attitudinal development of students and generate meaningful learning, is absent in teaching work. Based on these results, an attitude change program based on cognitive psychology, emotional intelligence and proactivity is proposed, with the purpose of increasing the emotional capacity of the teacher that favors the emotional climate in the classroom

Planeación, gobernanza y sustentabilidad Retos y desafíos desde el enfoque territorial

Frente a la compleja realidad actual, resulta ineludible el desarrollo de la investigación científica de los fenómenos y procesos urbanos, territoriales y ambientales, que contribuya a su comprensión y la construcción de alternativas de solución a los retos y desafíos vigentes. En este contexto, el abordaje de las ciudades y regiones metropolitanas, el ordenamiento del territorio y la ocupación del espacio, así como la relación sociedad-naturaleza y la complejidad ambiental, precisa la generación de metodologías y procesos de investigación multi e inter disciplinarios que contribuyan a la comprensión de los procesos socioterritoriales, el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y la conservación ambiental.Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Calidad Educativa PFCE-2016 proyecto K0313101

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Ubiquinol Short-Term Supplementation Prior to Strenuous Exercise Improves Physical Performance and Diminishes Muscle Damage

The benefits of physical exercise on health are diminished when it is non-planned, strenuous, or vigorous, which causes an increase in oxygen consumption and production of free radicals, particularly serious at the muscular level. Ubiquinol could help achieve an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ergogenic effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a supplementation of ubiquinol during a short period could have a positive effect on muscle aggression, physical performance, and fatigue perception in non-elite athletes after high intensity circuit weight training. One hundred healthy and well-trained men, (firemen of the Fire Department of Granada) were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and randomized study, and separated into two groups: the placebo group (PG, n = 50); and the ubiquinol group (UG, n = 50), supplemented with an oral dose. Before and after the intervention, data related to the number of repetitions, muscle strength, and perceived exertion, as well as blood samples were collected. An increase was observed in the UG regarding average load and repetitions, revealing an improvement in muscle performance. Ubiquinol supplementation also reduced muscle damage markers, showing a protective effect on muscle fibers. Therefore, this study provides evidence that ubiquinol supplementation improves muscle performance and prevents muscle damage after strenuous exercise in a population of well-trained individuals who are not elite athletes