Technical Note TN 2.2 Fuel load sampling of a Cupressus sempervirens hedge

In this document, data from a destructive sampling of a Cupressus sempervirens hedgerow are shown, as well as the followed methodology. Measures of sizes and weights have been taken. With these data, moisture content, fuel load and bulk density have been calculated. Different fuel classes (state and diameter) have been taken into account.Postprint (updated version

Technical Note TN 2.4. Fuel sampling, tree ignition and burning tests in ADAI facilities

In this document, the followed methodology to characterize several natural fuels (trees of Cupressus arizonica, Cupressocyparis leylandii, Prunus laurocerasus and Thuja occidentalis) is presented. Also, the ignition method and the equipment used to monitor the burning of these fuels in two different configurations are described. These activities were performed in ADAI facilities (Lousa, Portugal).Preprin

Progress, challenges and perspectives on fish gamete cryopreservation: A mini-review

Protocols for the cryopreservation of fish gametes have been developed for many different fish species, in special, freshwater salmonids and cyprinids. Methods for sperm freezing have progressed during the last decades due to the increasing number of potential applications: aquaculture (genetic improvement programs, broodstock management, helping with species having reproductive problems), biotechnology studies using model fish species (preservation of transgenic or mutant lines), cryobanking of genetic resources from endangered species, etc. This mini-review tries to give an overview of the present situation of this area of research, identifying the main challenges and perspectives, redirecting the reader to more in-depth reviews and papers. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.European Training Network IMPRESS (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions) from PROMAR programme [642893]COST Office (Food and Agriculture COST Action FA1205: AQUAGAMETE) from PROMAR programmeResearch Centre of Excellence from PROMAR programme [9878-3/2016/FEKUT, KMR_12-1-2012-0436]NKFIH (OTKA) from PROMAR programme [109847]KLING from PROMAR programme [31-03-05FEP-73]CRIOBIV from PROMAR programme [31-03-05-FEP-59]REPLING from PROMAR programme [31-03-05-FEP-69]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

WUI state of the art and regulatory needs in Europe

The document summarizes the state of the art of the regulationsrelevant to WUI in Europe, providing an organized set of references to the specific regulatory documents. It is focused on three main relevant topics: i) fuel-reduced fringes; ii) Building codes and standards; iii)Wildland-Industrial Interface. Current regulations are analysed and compared, leading to the identification of important needs and limitations of the current European regulatory frameworkPreprin

Main specifications of CFD codes for WUIVIEW activities

CFD simulations will be the core activity of the WUVIEW performance based fire safety analysis. The purpose of this document is to provide WUIVIEW partners with a general overview of the CFD codes to be used in the Action. The general simulation framework is described, particularly highlighting data inputs and scenario description requirements, to be developed in subsequent WUIVIEW WPs. This TN provides the technical foundations and main specifications of the databases to be designed within the WUIVIEW working program (ongoing action by UPC).Postprint (updated version

Valoración cultural del uso e importancia de la fauna silvestre en cautiverio a partir de la visión de la Comunidad Educativa de los Barrios El Edén, El Cardal y Corales del Municipio de Pereira, Risaralda

La fauna silvestre en cautiverio se encuentra amenazada debido a una insuficiente valoración cultural respecto a la importancia biológica y ecosistémica. Las comunidades desconocen la importancia y el valor del nicho de las especies dentro de sus ecosistemas al demandar estas especies para usos alimenticios, medicinales, comerciales, ornamentales, rituales y artesanales fomentando el comercio ilegal y la tenencia de estas especies en cautiverio que algunas se encuentran en peligro de extinción. Este trabajo estima el valor cultural de uso e importancia de la fauna silvestre en cautiverio desde la perspectiva de la comunidad educativa de los barrios El Edén, El Cardal y Corales del municipio de Pereira, a través de la aplicación de un instrumento "encuesta" la cual permita identificar las especies de fauna más importantes con ayuda de un manual de identificación y los usos a los cuales están sujetas (aplicado no solo a especies que la comunidad tenga sino también aquellas que conozcan puedan estar ligadas a cualquier tipo de uso); y dos talleres donde se identifican los usos y las clases de animales más importantes para la comunidad y por ultimo estrategias de conservación que los estudiantes aportan para las especies que poseían un mayor índice de uso. Se observó que las comunidades reconocieron todas las especies de fauna relacionadas en el listado potencial de las especies de fauna silvestre sujetas a usos por parte del hombre, que todas las especies identificadas se les atribuía por lo menos un uso, la mayoría de las especies eran familiares para la comunidad, se halló que 7 especies de mamíferos, 6 de aves y 8 de reptiles y un anfibio son las más importantes, ya que tienen las siete categorías de usos propuestas dentro de la metodología de la investigación que fue el Índice de Valor de Uso Local (LUVI) que se define como la sumatoria de todos los tipos de uso para una especie, con el Método De Distribución De Piedritas (M.D.P.).The wild fauna in captivity is threatened due to an insufficient cultural valuation regarding the biological importance and neighborhoods. The communities ignore the importance and the value of the niche of the species inside their ecosystems when demanding these species for nutritious, medicinal, commercial, ornamental uses, rituals and handmade fomenting the illegal trade and the holding of these species in captivity that some are in extinction danger. This work estimates the cultural value of use and importance of the wild fauna in captivity from the perspective of the educational community of the neighborhoods The Eden, The Cardal and Corals of the municipality of Pereira, through the application of an instrument "it interviews" which allows to identify the most important fauna species with the help of an identification manual and the uses to which are subject (not applied alone to species that the community has but also those that know they can be bound to any use type); and two shops where the uses and the classes of more important animals are identified for the community and for I finish conservation strategies that the students contribute for the species that possessed a bigger use index. It was observed that the communities recognized all the related fauna species in the potential listing of the species of wild fauna subject to uses on the part of the man that all the identified species were attributed at least an use, most of the species were family for the community, he/she was that 7 species of mammals, 6 of birds and 8 of reptiles and an amphibian are the most important, since they have the seven categories of uses proposed inside the methodology of the investigation that was the Index of Value of Local Use (LUVI) that is defined as the sumatory of all the use types for a species, with the Method Of Distribution Of Stones (M.D.P.) you identifies for the mammals that the most important uses were nutritious and commercial, for the birds the commercial, ornamental and nutritious use and for the reptiles the commercial and ornamental use. Through the cultural valuation you look for to identify the perception of the educational community about the uses and importance attributed to the wild fauna in captivity

Uniform electric field distribution in microwave heating applicators by means of genetic algorithms optimization of dielectric multilayer structures

In this paper, the design of a dielectric multilayer around a clay sample is presented to achieve a uniform electric field distribution over that sample. This structure is located within a multimode microwave-heating oven and is designed by means of genetic algorithms. The permittivity and geometric values for the sample surrounding layers are the selected parameters to be optimized in order to minimize the ratio between the typical deviation and the absolute value of the electric field. The results demonstrate the improvement of the electric field uniformity over the sample using dielectric layers.This work was supported in part by the Fundación Séneca under Project 00700/PPC/0

Permeability of Two Parachute Fabrics - Measurements, Modeling, and Application

Two parachute fabrics, described by Parachute Industry Specifications PIA-C-7020D Type I and PIA-C-44378D Type I, were tested to obtain their permeabilities in air (i.e., flow-through volume of air per area per time) over the range of differential pressures from 0.146 psf (7 Pa) to 25 psf (1197 Pa). Both fabrics met their specification permeabilities at the standard differential pressure of 0.5 inch of water (2.60 psf, 124 Pa). The permeability results were transformed into an effective porosity for use in calculations related to parachutes. Models were created that related the effective porosity to the unit Reynolds number for each of the fabrics. As an application example, these models were used to calculate the total porosities for two geometrically-equivalent subscale Disk-Gap-Band (DGB) parachutes fabricated from each of the two fabrics, and tested at the same operating conditions in a wind tunnel. Using the calculated total porosities and the results of the wind tunnel tests, the drag coefficient of a geometrically-equivalent full-scale DGB operating on Mars was estimated

El dolor a les ferides cròniques de les extremitats inferiors

El dolor es uno de los peores aspectos de padecer una ulcera crónica, pudiendo aparecer de forma continua tanto en reposo como en la actividad y que un porcentaje mínimo reciben analgesia adecuada. Objetivo: Identificar y cuantificar el dolor en los diferentes tipos de heridas crónicas; por presión, venosas, arteriales y pie diabético. Hipótesis: El tipo de dolor varía según los diferentes tipos de úlceras, la localización y el tamaño de estas. Metodología: Estudio observacional longitudinal y descriptivo de pacientes ingresados portadores de ulceras en las extremidades inferiores producidas durante el ingreso o desde el domicilio. En los pacientes ingresados en el servicio de Medicina Interna entre el día 1 de enero de 2011 hasta el 30 de diciembre de 2012. Resultados: Encontramos 98 pacientes con heridas en las piernas, el perfil del paciente es mujer, la edad media de 78,93 años , dolor con una media de 5,34 en la escala EVA. Conclusiones: La repercusión del trabajo será obtener una mejora de la sensibilización del personal sanitario al dolor de los pacientes y en consecuencia la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con úlceras en las EEII.El dolor és un dels pitjors aspectes de patir una úlcera crònica, podent aparèixer de forma contínua tant en repòs com en l'activitat i en un percentatge mínim reben analgèsia adequada. Objectiu. Identificar i quantificar el dolor en els diferents tipus de ferides cròniques; per pressió, venoses, arterials i peu diabètic. Hipòtesi. El tipus de dolor varia segons els diferents tipus d'úlceres, localització i grandària d'aquestes. Metodologia. Estudi observacional longitudinal i descriptiu de pacients ingressats portadors d'úlceres a les extremitats inferiors produïdes durant l'ingrés o des del domicili. En els pacients ingressats en el servei de Medicina Interna entre el dia 1 de gener de 2011 fins al 30 de desembre del 2012. Resultats. Trobem 98 pacients amb ferides a les cames, el perfil del pacient és dona, l'edat mitjana de 78,93 anys, dolor amb una mitjana de 5,34 en l'escala EVA. Conclusions. La repercussió del treball serà obtenir una millora de la sensibilització del personal sanitari al dolor dels pacients i conseqüentment la millora de la qualitat de vida dels pacients amb úlceres a les EEII

Airborne PCDD/F profiles in rural and urban areas of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

Passive air samplers were deployed in 18 rural and urban locations in the densely populated Buenos Aires district to investigate airborne polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated-dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) profiles, sources and spatial patterns. Atmospheric concentrations reported as total toxic equivalents (TEQs), 2378-substituted (Σ17PCDD/F) and 4–8 homologous groups (Σ4–8PCDD/F) were highly variable and significantly correlated to urban scale. The rural average (3.0±2.7 fg TEQm−3)was thirty times less than metropolitan values (90±51 fg TEQm−3),with urban cluster (5.4±4.0 fg TEQm−3) and urbanized area (33±50 fg TEQm−3) in an intermediate position. A rural outlier exhibited the highest TEQ values (295–296 fg TEQ m−3) suggesting a local source. Principal component analyses (PCA) performed for Σ17PCDD/F and Σ4–8PCDD/F to identify source contributions showed more significant results for homologue groups compared to 17 congeners (83 and 45% of total variability explained, respectively) pointing to dominant diesel emissions enriched in TeCDF in rural areas, and open burning and industrial sources characterized by TeCDD, PeCDD contributing most in urbanized and metropolitan areas. Homologue group PCA also performed better clustering samples according to sources and TEQ concentrations. The PCDD/Fs profile of the rural outlier dominated by HxCDF and HpCDD/F showed a typical municipal incineration signature confirming the presence of local source.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse