Propuesta de mejora para elevar el nivel de seguridad en las emergencias medicas de incendios y accidentes vehiculares en los miembros de la Compañía de Bomberos N° 19

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue la de Identificar y analizar los factores de riesgo en las intervenciones en emergencias médicas, de incendios y accidentes vehiculares, de la Compañía de Bomberos Arequipa N°19 que se encuentra situada en la ciudad de Arequipa, pues según los datos estadísticos del Cuerpo General de Bomberos Voluntarios del Perú, la tasa de mortalidad de bomberos caídos en cumplimiento de su deber asciende a más de 84 voluntarios, y no cuenta con el apoyo total de las Autoridades y tampoco cuenta con las medidas de seguridad adecuadas al momento de acudir a una emergencia. Al ser; las emergencias por incendio, emergencias médicas y emergencias por accidentes vehiculares las más recurrentes y atendidas en Arequipa, se analizó cómo es la participación del Bombero Voluntario desde su ingreso Cuerpo General de Bomberos Voluntarios del Perú para cada una de las emergencias. Una vez analizadas las emergencias, se identifica cuáles son las tareas críticas dentro de cada una de estas y cuales a su vez conllevan a mayor índice de riesgos, según la exposición y los peligros presentes, para eso realizamos una análisis de la Base de Datos Interna de la Compañía de Bomberos Arequipa N°19 y una encuesta estructurada, de este modo conocer cuál es la realidad en la que se encuentra la Compañía de Bomberos, para después desarrollar una matriz de identificación de peligros, evaluación de riesgos y medidas de control basada en la Resolución Ministerial 050 –2013-TR de la cual se obtuvo la clasificación del peligro. Mediante los resultados se corrobora que los equipos, procedimientos y capacitaciones no son suficientes y se encuentran incompletos, siendo un punto en contra al momento de acudir a una emergencia, ya que están expuestos directamente al peligro, en donde muchas veces exponen su integridad con tal de ayudar al su prójimo. Por tal motivo en base a estos indicadores se realizó una propuesta con medidas de prevención para cada uno de los riesgos identificados y pueda ser aplicada en la Institución; así poder elevar el nivel de seguridad y protección a la salud del Bombero Voluntario.The objective of the present investigation was to identify and analyze the risk factors in the interventions in medical emergencies, fire and vehicular accidents, of the Fire Company Arequipa N ° 19 that is located in the city of Arequipa, because according to The statistics of the General Corps of Voluntary Firemen of Peru, the fatality rate of firefighters fallen in the line of duty is more than 84 volunteers, and does not have the full support of the Authorities and does not have adequate security measures At the time of going to an emergency. To be; The emergencies by fire, medical emergencies and emergencies by vehicular accidents the most recurrent and attended in Arequipa, it was analyzed how is the participation of the Volunteer Firefighter since its entry General Body of Volunteer Firemen of Peru for each of the emergencies. Once the emergencies are analyzed, we identify the critical tasks within each of these and which in turn lead to a higher risk index, according to the exposure and the present dangers, for that we perform an analysis of the Internal Data Base Of the Arequipa Fire Company No. 19 and a structured survey, in order to know the reality of the Fire Company, and then to develop a matrix of hazard identification, risk assessment and control measures In Ministerial Resolution 050 -2013-TR from which the hazard classification was obtained. The results corroborate that the equipment, procedures and training are not sufficient and are incomplete, being a point against the moment of going to an emergency, since they are exposed directly to the danger, where they often expose their integrity with such To help his neighbor. Therefore, based on these indicators, a proposal was made with preventive measures for each of the risks identified and can be applied in the Institution; Thus raising the level of safety and protection to the health of the Volunteer Firefighter.Trabajo de suficiencia profesionalCampus Arequip

Helicobacter pylori and gastric premalignant lesions in patients with non-studied dyspepsia in a general hospital in Lima

Objective. To determine the frequency of infection by Helicobacter pylori (HP) and premalignant gastric lesions (PGL) in patients with non-studied dyspepsia, in a general hospitalin Lima. Material and methods. It was carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study. The study population corresponded to outpatients referred to the Hospital EsSalud Uldarico Rocca Fernandez, Villa El Salvador, Lima, with a diagnosis of non-studied dyspepsia, who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between April 2012 and March 2014. Clinical and anatomopathological characteristics were evaluated. Results. 2 790 patients were studied, average age 48,6 (SD ± 15,3) year-old, range: 14-91 year-old. We found a global frequency of HP infection in 61,3 % (95%CI: 59,5-63,1) and premalignant gastric lesions in 23,6 % (95%CI: 22-25,1). A statistically significant association was found between patients with positive HP and PGL (chi square = 14,6, p < 0,01). The HP infection was 62,5% in those who had atrophic gastritis), 64,6 % in those with complete intestinal metaplasia, 56,8 % in those with incomplete intestinal metaplasia and 32,5 % in those with dysplasia. Conclusions. The frequency of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and premalignant gastric lesions was high in patients with non-studied dyspepsia undergoing endoscopy in the study population; and, only a significant association was found between HP with complete intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori (HP) y lesiones gástricas premalignas (LGP) en pacientes con dispepsia no investigada en un hospital general de Lima. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, retrospectivo. La población de estudio correspondió a los pacientes ambulatorios referidos al Hospital Uldarico Rocca Fernández (HURF) EsSalud de Villa El Salvador, Lima, con diagnóstico de dispepsia no investigada, a los que se les realizó endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) entre abril de 2012 y marzo de 2014. Se evaluaron las características clínicas y anatomopatológicas. Resultados. Se estudiaron 2 790 pacientes, edad promedio 48,6 (DE ± 15,3) años, rango de 14 a 91 años. Se halló una frecuencia global de infección por HP en 61,3 % (IC 95%: 59,5-63,1) y de LGP en 23,6 % (IC95%: 22-25,1). Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los pacientes con HP positivo y LGP (ji cuadrado = 14,6; p < 0,01). La infección por HP fue de 62,5 % en los que tuvieron gastritis atrófica (GA); 64,6 % en los que tuvieron metaplasia intestinal completa; 56,8 % en los que tuvieron metaplasia intestinal incompleta; y 32,5 % en los que tuvieron displasia. Conclusiones. La frecuencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori (HP) y lesiones gástricas premalignas fue alta en los pacientes con dispepsia no investigada y sometidos a endoscopia en la población estudiada; y solo se encontró asociación significativa entre HP con metaplasia intestinal completa y displasia

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori with first-line triple therapy, 10 days versus 14 days

Objetivo: Determinar si la tasa de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori con la terapia triple de primera línea durante 14 días es superior quecon 10 días. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con dispepsia y endoscopiadigestiva alta con biopsia positiva a H. pylori, quienes recibieron terapia triple con amoxicilina, claritromicina y omeprazol durante 10 ó 14días. La erradicación se definió con la prueba del aliento 13C-UBT, 4 a 6 semanas post tratamiento. Resultados: Se estudió 381 pacientes, 207recibieron tratamiento 10 días y 174 recibieron 14 días. La edad promedio fue 49 ± 13,9 (15 a 82) años. Predominó el sexo femenino (69,8%).La tasa de erradicación de H. pylori en el grupo de tratamiento de 10 días y 14 días fue 79,7% y 82,2% respectivamente (riesgo relativo, 1,03;intervalo de confianza 95%, 0,94–1,14; p=0,541). Los eventos adversos fueron reportados en el 75.1% y 77.3% de los regímenes de 10 y 14 díasrespectivamente (p=0,634). Conclusión: La tasa de erradicación de H. pylori con terapia triple de primera línea durante 14 días no fue superiora 10 días y las tasas de erradicación fueron mala e inaceptable respectivamente. Objective: To determine if the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori with first line triple therapy for 14 days is better than with 10 days. Material and methods: Retrospective cohort study. It was reviewed medical records of the patients with dyspepsia and upper digestive endoscopy with a positive H. pylori biopsy, who received triple therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole for 10 or 14 days. Eradication was defined by the 13C-UBT breath test, 4 to 6 weeks after treatment. Results: It was evaluated 381 patients, 207 received treatment for 10 days and 174 for 14 days. The average age was 49 ± 13.9(15 to 82) years. The female sex was predominating (69,8%). The eradication rate of H. pylori in the 10-day and 14-day treatment group was 79, 7% and 82, 2% respectively (risk ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.14; p=0,541). Adverse events were reported in 75,1% and 77,3% of the 10 and 14 days group respectively (p= 0,634). Conclusion: First-line triple therapy for 14 days for H. pylori eradication was not better than 10 days’ therapy. The eradication rate was poor and unacceptable respectively

Gestión de la planificación según las buenas prácticas de la guía del PMBOK® en el cumplimiento del alcance, costo y cronograma del proyecto SACIE0 – AMPB ejecutado por la empresa Sistemas y Fluidos SAC, 2019

El presente trabajo investigativo tiene como fin señalar el vínculo que existe entre la gestión de planificación según las buenas prácticas del PMBOK® y el cumplimiento del alcance, costo y cronograma del proyecto SACI E0 – AMPB ejecutado por la empresa Sistemas y Fluidos S.A.C. en el año 2019. Es de carácter descriptivo correlacional. Se hizo empleo de la aplicación de la encuesta como técnica en ambas variables de estudio. Del trabajo investigativo se logra verificar, que la relación entre la gestión de la planificación según las buenas prácticas del PMBOK® y el cumplimiento del costo, alcance, cronograma del proyecto SACI E0 – AMPB ejecutado por la empresa Sistemas y Fluidos S.A.C. en el año 2019 es del tipo correlacional positiva media, donde se obtuvo un 54.2% de cumplimiento de la gestión de planificación del proyecto. Para el proceso de planificación de gestión del alcance se obtuvo un 73,8% en el cumplimiento, para la planificar la gestión del costo un 22,4 % y para la planificar la gestión del cronograma un 82,29 %. Correlación positiva media, indica que ambas variables aumentan o disminuyen de manera simultánea. Por tanto, la propuesta de solución es la implementación de la mejora y la estandarización de la gestión de la planificación, hasta volverla un activo de proceso dentro de la empresa Sistemas y Fluidos S.A.C.The main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between planning management according to the good practices of the PMBOK® guide and compliance with the scope, cost and schedule of the SACI E0 - AMPB project executed by the company Sistemas y Fluidos S.A.C. in 2019. This research is of a descriptive nature. The survey technique was applied to both study variables. The research shows that the relationship between planning management according to the good practices of the PMBOK® guide and compliance with the scope, cost and schedule of the SACI E0 - AMPB project executed by the company Sistemas y Fluidos S.A.C. in 2019 is of the average positive correlation type. Where a 54.2% compliance of the project planning management was obtained. For scope management planning, 73.8% compliance was obtained, for cost management planning 22.4% and for schedule management planning 82.3%. The average positive correlation indicates that both variables increase or decrease simultaneously. Therefore, the proposed solution of this research work is the implementation of improvement and standardization of planning management, until it becomes a process asset within the company Sistemas y Fluidos S.A.C.Trabajo de investigaciónCampus Lima Centr

Videos tutoriales de YouTube en el desarrollo de Competencias Matemáticas en Estudiantes de Secundaria: Una Revisión Teórica

Education is one of the substantial factors for the development of a country, this will be achieved if the educational actors promote educational actions in order to raise the level of development of mathematical competences and consequently the improvement of the teaching-learning processes in the educational institutions; For this reason, from an innovative perspective, it is necessary to implement technological resources in the pedagogical work in order to strengthen the preparation of students; in this sense, technological tools such as YouTube video tutorials oriented to pedagogical practice require a reflective and coherent analysis that make it possible to enhance the mathematical competences of secondary education students. The research is a theoretical review of scientific literature, using the method of analysis and synthesis, exhaustive search of materials such as thesis reports, scientific articles, specialized literature, databases and information platforms related to the subject of study. The design was non-experimental, the documentary analysis technique was applied, resorting to information bases. The general objective was to analyze the strategy of YouTube video tutorials in the development of mathematical competences in high school students.La educación es uno de los factores sustanciales para el desarrollo de un país, esto se logrará en virtud de que los actores educativos impulsen acciones educativas en pos de elevar el nivel de desarrollo de competencias matemáticas y consecuentemente la mejora de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las instituciones educativas; es por ello que, desde una perspectiva innovadora se hace necesario implementar en el trabajo pedagógico los recursos tecnológicos que permitan afianzar en la preparación de los educandos; en ese sentido las herramientas tecnológicas como los videotutoriales de YouTube orientadas a la práctica pedagógica exigen realizar un análisis reflexivo y coherente que posibiliten potenciar las competencias matemáticas de los estudiantes de educación secundaria. La investigación es una revisión teórica de literatura científica, se empleó el método de análisis y síntesis, búsqueda exhaustiva de materiales como informes de tesis, artículos científicos, literatura especializada, bases de datos y plataformas informativas vinculadas con la temática de estudio. El diseño fue no experimental, se aplicó la técnica del análisis documental recurriéndose a bases informativas. El objetivo general fue analizar la estrategia de videotutoriales de YouTube en el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas en estudiantes de secundaria

COVID-19 anxiety, psychological well-being and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean: relationships and explanatory model

This study assesses the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and subjective well-being in terms of the mediating role of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Additionally, the contribution of sociodemographic factors (sex and age) and risk perception on COVID-19 anxiety and its potential measurement invariance was tested in 5655 participants from 12 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. A mixture of both latent and observable variables were analyzed using a system of structural equations. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) and single-item measures were used to assess the perceived probability of death, perceived severity and concern about transmitting COVID-19. The results indicated that there is a significant and relevant direct effect of COVID-19 anxiety on participants' well-being. Furthermore, COVID-19 anxiety significantly predicted both preventive behavior (β =.29, p <.01) and well-being (β = –.32, p <.01). The effects of COVID anxiety and preventive behavior explained 9.8% of the variance in well-being (R-square =.098); whereas, 8.4% of the variance in preventive behavior was associated with COVID anxiety (R-square =.084). Likewise, perceived likelihood of death from COVID, perceived severity of COVID, and concerns about COVID transmission were positively related to anxiety. Age was negatively related to anxiety, with men being less anxious than women. The results are invariant by country, i.e., the broad relationships found in the combined sample are also present in each individual country. The findings indicate that, although the exact relationships between variables may vary between countries, there are enough similarities to provide useful information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in each of the countries included in the study

What Is the Support for Conspiracy Beliefs About COVID-19 Vaccines in Latin America? A Prospective Exploratory Study in 13 Countries

Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 began to emerge immediately after the first news about the disease and threaten to prolong the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by limiting people’s willingness of receiving a life-saving vaccine. In this context, this study aimed to explore the variation of conspiracy beliefs regarding COVID-19 and the vaccine against it in 5779 people living in 13 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela) according to sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, educational level and source of information about COVID-19. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic between September 15 and October 25, 2021. The Spanish-language COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (ECCV-COVID) and a sociodemographic survey were used. The results indicate that, in most countries, women, people with a lower educational level and those who receive information about the vaccine and COVID-19 from family/friends are more supportive of conspiracy ideas regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. In the case of age, the results vary by country. The analysis of the responses to each of the questions of the ECCV-COVID reveals that, in general, the countries evaluated are mostly in some degree of disagreement or indecision regarding conspiratorial beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. The findings could help open further study which could support prevention and treatment efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic

Design and Cross-Cultural Invariance of the COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (COVID-VCBS) in 13 Latin American Countries

"Aims: Over the past 2 years, the vaccine conspiracy beliefs construct has been used in a number of different studies. These publications have assessed the determinants and outcomes of vaccine conspiracy beliefs using, in some cases, pooled data from different countries, and compared the results across these contexts. However, studies often do not consider measurement invariance as a necessary requirement for comparative analyses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the crosscultural MI of the COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (COVID-VCBS) in 12 Latin American countries. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory analysis and alignment method were applied to test measurement invariance in a large number of groups. Results: The COVID-VCBS showed robust psychometric properties and measurement invariance for both factor loadings and crosstabs. Also, a higher level of acceptance of conspiracy beliefs about vaccines is necessary to respond to higher response categories. Similarly, greater acceptance of conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines was related to a lower intention to be vaccinated. Conclusion: The results allow for improved understanding of conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines in the countries assessed; furthermore, they provide researchers and practitioners with an invariant measure that they can use in cross-cultural studies in Latin America. However, further studies are needed to test invariance in other countries, with the goal of developing a truly international measure of conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines.

Network analysis of the relationships between conspiracy beliefs towards COVID-19 vaccine and symptoms of fear of COVID-19 in a sample of latin american countries

The present study examined how conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines specifically relate to symptoms of fear of COVID-19 in a sample of four South American countries. A total of 1785 people from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru participated, responding to a sociodemographic survey, the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19 S) and the Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale-COVID-19 (VCBS-COVID-19). Network analysis identified the most important symptoms of fear and conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines (nodes) and the associations between them (edges). In addition, the robustness of the network of these indicators of centrality and the possible differences in the structure and connectivity of the networks between the four countries were evaluated. The results suggest that the nodes with the highest centrality were items 2 and 5 of the FCV-19 S and item 2 of the VCBS-COVID-19. Likewise, item 6 is the belief that most predicts conspiracy beliefs about vaccines against COVID-19; while item 6 was the symptom that most predicts fear of COVID-19. The findings strongly support cross-cultural similarities in the networks across the four countries rather than differences. Although it was expected that a higher presence of symptoms of fear of COVID-19 may lead people to compensate for their fear by believing in conspiratorial ideas about vaccines and, consequently, rejecting the COVID-19 vaccine, the results do not clearly show this relationship. This could lead other researchers to generate evidence to explain the differences between Latin American countries and countries in other contexts in terms of vaccination rates. This evidence could be useful to develop policies favoring vaccination against COVID-19 that are more contextualized to the Latin American region, characterized by social instability and economic recession during the pandemic

Network analysis of the relationships between conspiracy beliefs towards COVID-19 vaccine and symptoms of fear of COVID-19 in a sample of latin american countries

"The present study examined how conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines specifcally relate to symptoms of fear of COVID-19 in a sample of four South American countries. A total of 1785 people from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru participated, responding to a sociodemographic survey, the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19 S) and the Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale-COVID-19 (VCBS-COVID-19). Network analysis identifed the most important symptoms of fear and conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines (nodes) and the associations between them (edges). In addition, the robustness of the network of these indicators of centrality and the possible diferences in the structure and connectivity of the networks between the four countries were evaluated. The results suggest that the nodes with the highest centrality were items 2 and 5 of the FCV-19 S and item 2 of the VCBS-COVID-19. Likewise, item 6 is the belief that most predicts conspiracy beliefs about vaccines against COVID-19; while item 6 was the symptom that most predicts fear of COVID-19. The fndings strongly support cross-cultural similarities in the networks across the four countries rather than diferences. Although it was expected that a higher presence of symptoms of fear of COVID-19 may lead people to compensate for their fear by believing in conspiratorial ideas about vaccines and, consequently, rejecting the COVID-19 vaccine, the results do not clearly show this relationship. This could lead other researchers to generate evidence to explain the diferences between Latin American countries and countries in other contexts in terms of vaccination rates. This evidence could be useful to develop policies favoring vaccination against COVID-19 that are more contextualized to the Latin American region, characterized by social instability and economic recession during the pandemic.