Embedding co-management: community-based fisheries resource management regime in Lake Victoria, Tanzania

This paper discusses fisheries management reforms through involving local level institutions (LLFI). It is based on studies which were undertaken on TanzaniaÆs Lake Victoria fishery where LLFIs were established through the formation of Local enforcement Units, later named Beach Management Units (BMU), between 1998 and 2002. The paper takes the view that the overfishing problems that confront TanzaniaÆs fisheries management authorities are best understood from a social science perspective. The argument is that most communitiesÆ values and institutions are embedded in their societies. The same is however, not true for externally originated management tools and systems as is the case with BMUs. This paper shows that the BMUs established between 1998 and 2002, were not sufficiently grounded in their socio-cultural environment and this led them to be unsustainable and ineffective. The paper demonstrates that this mismatch by examining the different historical and social contexts in which livelihoods such as fishing emerged and was carried out. These social contexts generated social values that explain the individual behaviour of community members. It is such values that communities always strive to maintain in any activity including fishing. Thus, when confronted with situations that threaten these values, communities strategize or negotiate ways to cope. The coping strategies of two communities riparian to the lake are discussed. The paper therefore proposes a framework for making these units æfitÆ local conditions in order to make them effective and sustainable so as to reform fisheries management.Fishery management

The Balance Between Reactivity and Stability of Modified Oxide Surfaces Illustrated by the Behavior of Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts

The stability of a series of sulfated zirconia catalysts, promoted with up to 2 wt% iron or manganese, in their calcined state was investigated. Phase composition, nature of surface sulfate species, degree of hydroxylation, and butane isomerization activity changed during aging over months in various atmospheres and during milling. The metastability of small oxide particles is discussed, including literature data on alumina, titania and other oxides. Catalytically active fractions of a material easily transition into more stable, less active forms

Norway: SSF guidelines, differences matter

The Norwegian experience shows that learning about sustainable small-scale fisheries development should not be a one-way traffic from the North to the Sout

HRBA: wicked problems

In implementing the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) in fisheries, the roles of different players need to be judiciously factored in to ensure a level playing field

The role of the "glow phenomenon" in the preparation of sulfated zirconia catalysts

During the calcination procedure that is necessary to obtain sulfated zirconia catalysts from hydroxide precursors an exothermic reaction occurs in the heat-up period which can lead to a rapid overheating ('glow') of the sample bed; the batch size is identified as a critical parameter that influences heat transfer and thus the extent of the temperature overshoot and the catalytic activity of the product