Physiologic Expression of the Candida albicans Pescadillo Homolog Is Required for Virulence in a Murine Model of Hematogenously Disseminated Candidiasis

Morphogenetic conversions contribute to the pathogenesis of Candida albicans invasive infections. Many studies to date have convincingly demonstrated a link between filamentation and virulence; however, relatively little is known regarding the role of the filament-to-yeast transition during the pathogenesis of invasive candidiasis. We previously identified the C. albicans pescadillo homolog (PES1) as essential during yeast growth and growth of lateral yeast on hyphae but not during hyphal growth. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PES1 is required for virulence in vivo in a Galleria mellonella larva model of candidiasis. Here, we have used a regulatable tetO-PES1/pes1 strain to assess the contribution of C. albicansPES1 to pathogenesis in the commonly used and clinically relevant murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. Our results indicate that a physiologically controlled level of PES1 expression is required for full virulence in this animal model, with virulence defects observed both when PES1 is overexpressed and and when it is depleted. The pathogenetic defect of cells depleted of PES1 is not due to a general growth defect, as demonstrated by the fact that PES1-depleted cells still kill Caenorhabditis elegans as efficiently as the wild type due to hyphal outgrowth through worm tissues. Our results suggest a critical role of lateral yeast growth in the ability of C. albicans to normally proliferate within tissues, as well as a pivotal role for Pes1 in the normal developmental cycle of C. albicans within the mammalian host during infection

Investigation of potential Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) associated with a local foodborne outbreak using multidisciplinary approaches

Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) outbreak is a public health concern as it can potentially cause a variety of clinical manifestations including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). However E. coli are generally innocuous commensal organisms, and there is a need to discriminate pathogenic from non-pathogenic isolates rapidly and accurately. In this study, we have used standard culture based methods and advanced molecular approaches to characterize E. coli in food in a local outbreak investigation. We show that the application of DNA based detection methods including real-time PCR and DNA microarray along with a traditional culture method can identify the organism implicated in an outbreak at the strain level for pathogenic potential