993 research outputs found
A Snapshot of J. L. Synge
A brief description is given of the life and influence on relativity theory
of Professor J. L. Synge accompanied by some technical examples to illustrate
his style of work
Interactions of B = 4 Skyrmions
It is known that the interactions of single Skyrmions are asymptotically
described by a Yukawa dipole potential. Less is known about the interactions of
solutions of the Skyrme model with higher baryon number. In this paper, it is
shown that Yukawa multipole theory can be more generally applied to Skyrmion
interactions, and in particular to the long-range dominant interactions of the
B = 4 solution of the Skyrme model, which models the alpha-particle. A method
that gives the quadrupole nature of the interaction a more intuitive meaning in
the pion field colour picture is demonstrated. Numerical methods are employed
to find the precise strength of quadrupole and octupole interactions. The
results are applied to the B = 8 and B = 12 solutions and to the Skyrme
crystal.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figure
General relativistic null-cone evolutions with a high-order scheme
We present a high-order scheme for solving the full non-linear Einstein
equations on characteristic null hypersurfaces using the framework established
by Bondi and Sachs. This formalism allows asymptotically flat spaces to be
represented on a finite, compactified grid, and is thus ideal for far-field
studies of gravitational radiation. We have designed an algorithm based on
4th-order radial integration and finite differencing, and a spectral
representation of angular components. The scheme can offer significantly more
accuracy with relatively low computational cost compared to previous methods as
a result of the higher-order discretization. Based on a newly implemented code,
we show that the new numerical scheme remains stable and is convergent at the
expected order of accuracy.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure
Atypical disengagement from faces and its modulation by the control of eye fixation in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
By using the gap overlap task, we investigated disengagement from faces and objects in children (9–17 years old) with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its neurophysiological correlates. In typically developing (TD) children, faces elicited larger gap effect, an index of attentional engagement, and larger saccade-related event-related potentials (ERPs), compared to objects. In children with ASD, by contrast, neither gap effect nor ERPs differ between faces and objects. Follow-up experiments demonstrated that instructed fixation on the eyes induces larger gap effect for faces in children with ASD, whereas instructed fixation on the mouth can disrupt larger gap effect in TD children. These results suggest a critical role of eye fixation on attentional engagement to faces in both groups
Precursors to social and communication difficulties in infants at-risk for autism: gaze following and attentional engagement
Whilst joint attention (JA) impairments in autism have been widely studied, little is known about the early development of gaze following, a precursor to establishing JA. We employed eye-tracking to record gaze following longitudinally in infants with and without a family history of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at 7 and 13 months. No group difference was found between at-risk and low-risk infants in gaze following behaviour at either age. However, despite following gaze successfully at 13 months, at-risk infants with later emerging socio-communication difficulties (both those with ASD and atypical development at 36 months of age) allocated less attention to the congruent object compared to typically developing at-risk siblings and low-risk controls. The findings suggest that the subtle emergence of difficulties in JA in infancy may be related to ASD and other atypical outcomes
Expression of CXCL10 is associated with response to radiotherapy and overall survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Five-year survival for patients with oral cancer has been disappointingly stable during the last decades, creating a demand for new biomarkers and treatment targets. Lately, much focus has been set on immunomodulation as a possible treatment or an adjuvant increasing sensitivity to conventional treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic importance of response to radiotherapy in tongue carcinoma patients as well as the expression of the CXC-chemokines in correlation to radiation response in the same group of tumours. Thirty-eight patients with tongue carcinoma that had received radiotherapy followed by surgery were included. The prognostic impact of pathological response to radiotherapy, N-status, T-stage, age and gender was evaluated using Cox's regression models, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and chi-square test. The expression of 23 CXC-chemokine ligands and their receptors were evaluated in all patients using microarray and qPCR and correlated with response to treatment using logistic regression. Pathological response to radiotherapy was independently associated to overall survival with a 2-year survival probability of 81 % for patients showing a complete pathological response, while patients with a non-complete response only had a probability of 42 % to survive for 2 years (p = 0.016). The expression of one CXC-chemokine, CXCL10, was significantly associated with response to radiotherapy and the group of patients with the highest CXCL10 expression responded, especially poorly (p = 0.01). CXCL10 is a potential marker for response to radiotherapy and overall survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Dopamine transporter (DAT1) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genotypes differentially impact on electrophysiological correlates of error processing
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Null Geodesic Congruences, Asymptotically Flat Space-Times and Their Physical Interpretation
Shear-free or asymptotically shear-free null geodesic congruences possess a
large number of fascinating geometric properties and to be closely related, in
the context of general relativity, to a variety of physically significant
affects. It is the purpose of this paper to develop these issues and find
applications in GR. The applications center around the problem of extracting
interior physical properties of an asymptotically flat space-time directly from
the asymptotic gravitational (and Maxwell) field itself in analogy with the
determination of total charge by an integral over the Maxwell field at infinity
or the identification of the interior mass (and its loss) by (Bondi's)
integrals of the Weyl tensor, also at infinity. More specifically we will see
that the asymptotically shear-free congruences lead us to an asymptotic
definition of the center-of-mass and its equations of motion. This includes a
kinematic meaning, in terms of the center of mass motion, for the Bondi
three-momentum. In addition, we obtain insights into intrinsic spin and, in
general, angular momentum, including an angular momentum conservation law with
well-defined flux terms. When a Maxwell field is present the asymptotically
shear-free congruences allow us to determine/define at infinity a
center-of-charge world-line and intrinsic magnetic dipole moment.Comment: 98 pages, 6 appendices. v2: typos corrected; v3: significant changes
made to results section using simpler arguments, added discussion of real
structures, additional references, 2 new appendice
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