Pelvic trauma : WSES classification and guidelines

Complex pelvic injuries are among the most dangerous and deadly trauma related lesions. Different classification systems exist, some are based on the mechanism of injury, some on anatomic patterns and some are focusing on the resulting instability requiring operative fixation. The optimal treatment strategy, however, should keep into consideration the hemodynamic status, the anatomic impairment of pelvic ring function and the associated injuries. The management of pelvic trauma patients aims definitively to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiopathology associated to the mechanical stability of the pelvic ring. Thus the management of pelvic trauma must be multidisciplinary and should be ultimately based on the physiology of the patient and the anatomy of the injury. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of pelvic trauma and the management Guidelines.Peer reviewe

Modelling Attendees' Participation in Virtual Events

No Abstract

Anti-nociceptive Property, Anti-inflammatory Activity and Constituents of Essential Oils from the Leaves and Stem Bark of Turnera diffusa Wild (Passifloraceae) Growing in Nigeria

Because of the need to source biologically active products from plants, this paper reportsthe chemical compounds, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils hydrodistilled fromthe leaves and stem bark of Turnera diffusa Wild (Passifloraceae). The essential oils were separately isolatedusing hydrodistillation of the pulverized (360 g of leaf and 316 g of stem bark) materials in an all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. The hot plate method was used to determine the anti-nociceptive property while the anti-inflammatory activity was established using the Carrageenan induced pawedema model. The yields of the essential oils were 0.19 % (v/w, yellow, leaf) and 0.28 % (v/w, colorless, stembark), calculated on a dry weight basis. The leaf oil consists mainly of β-caryophyllene (43.7 %) and germacreneB (21.3 %) while geranial (50.7 %) and neral (33.6 %) were the main constituents of the stem bark oil. In our study,we found that the essential oils of T. diffusa (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) exhibited an anti-nociceptive effect at allobservation periods at a significance of p<0.001 for both the leaves and stem bark. The essential oil from thestem bark showed high anti-inflammatory activity (p<0.001) at the 1st to the 4th h for all the essential oil doseswhile the leaves of T. diffusa inhibited inflammation up to the 3rd h post-treatment, but were non-significant atthe 4th h for all doses. The results indicate the potential of the essential oils in pain-relieving activitie

Preclinical and phase I clinical trial of blockade of IL-15 using Mikβ1 monoclonal antibody in T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia

Twelve patients with T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia and associated hematocytopenia were treated in a phase I dose-escalation trial with the murine monoclonal antibody Mikβ1. Mikβ1 identifies CD122, the β-subunit shared by the IL-2 and IL-15 receptors. At the doses administered in this study the antibody inhibited the actions of IL-15 on both natural killer and T cells and that of IL-2 when the intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptor was expressed. Mikβ1 treatment was not associated with significant toxicity or with the development of an immune response to the infused monoclonal antibody. At these doses of Mikβ1, >95% saturation of the IL-2/IL-15β receptor (CD122) on the surfaces of the leukemic cells was achieved. Furthermore, in seven patients this led to the down-modulation of the receptor from the surfaces of the leukemic cells. Nevertheless, no patients manifested a reduction in peripheral leukemic cell count or an amelioration of their hematocytopenia. This latter observation may reflect the fact that the monoclonal T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia leukemic cells of the patients did not produce IL-2 or IL-15 or require their actions for cell survival. In light of the lack of toxicity and lack of immunogenicity of the antibody observed in the present study and the role for IL-15 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, clinical trials should be performed using the humanized version of Mikβ1 in groups of patients with human T cell lymphotropic virus I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and refractory celiac disease