The structure and evolution of confined tori near a Hamiltonian Hopf Bifurcation

We study the orbital behavior at the neighborhood of complex unstable periodic orbits in a 3D autonomous Hamiltonian system of galactic type. At a transition of a family of periodic orbits from stability to complex instability (also known as Hamiltonian Hopf Bifurcation) the four eigenvalues of the stable periodic orbits move out of the unit circle. Then the periodic orbits become complex unstable. In this paper we first integrate initial conditions close to the ones of a complex unstable periodic orbit, which is close to the transition point. Then, we plot the consequents of the corresponding orbit in a 4D surface of section. To visualize this surface of section we use the method of color and rotation [Patsis and Zachilas 1994]. We find that the consequents are contained in 2D "confined tori". Then, we investigate the structure of the phase space in the neighborhood of complex unstable periodic orbits, which are further away from the transition point. In these cases we observe clouds of points in the 4D surfaces of section. The transition between the two types of orbital behavior is abrupt.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chao

Implications for fishery management in small tunas the case of genetic population structure of bullet tuna in the west Mediterranean

Knowledge of population structure of species is needed to establish appropriate management regulations. Of particular concern are those commercial species; these exploited fish populations can undergo loss of genetic variability that ultimately may lead the loss of regional small populations. This situation could occur in the small tuna species, which in some cases are heavily targeted by artisanal fisheries. Here, we focused on the Bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) with an extensive sampling (n = 431) along the north and south coast of the west Mediterranean and one location on the east Atlantic. The analysis of the mtDNA control region revealed that seven (about 1.6%) individuals were not identified as Bullet tuna suggesting a species misidentification with possible implications in stock assessment. Population genetics results showed clear genetic differentiation between the Iberian Peninsula and North African locations. These results have a clear impact on the conservation and management strategies, and if it is confirmed in other small pelagic species, the pattern of population structure in the Mediterranean is more complex than initially expected

Persistence of Asthmatic Response after Ammonium Persulfate-Induced Occupational Asthma in Mice

Since persulfate salts are an important cause of occupational asthma (OA), we aimed to study the persistence of respiratory symptoms after a single exposure to ammonium persulfate (AP) in AP-sensitized mice. BALB/c mice received dermal applications of AP or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on days 1 and 8. On day 15, they received a single nasal instillation of AP or saline. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was assessed using methacholine provocation, while pulmonary inflammation was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG1 and IgG2a were measured in blood at 1, 4, 8, 24 hours and 4, 8, 15 days after the single exposure to the causal agent. Histological studies of lungs were assessed. AP-treated mice showed a sustained increase in AHR, lasting up to 4 days after the challenge. There was a significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils 8 hours after the challenge, which persisted for 24 hours in AP-treated mice. The extent of airway inflammation was also seen in the histological analysis of the lungs from challenged mice. Slight increases in total serum IgE 4 days after the challenge were found, while IgG gradually increased further 4 to 15 days after the AP challenge in AP-sensitized mice. In AP-sensitized mice, an Ig-independent response is induced after AP challenge. AHR appears immediately, but airway neutrophil inflammation appears later. This response decreases in time; at early stages only respiratory and inflammatory responses decrease, but later on immunological response decreases as well

Complex ecologies of trust in data practices and data-driven systems

Trust in data practices and data-driven systems is widely seen as both important and elusive. A data trust deficit has been identified, to which proposed solutions are often localised or individualised, focusing either on what institutions can do to increase user trust in their data practices or on data management models that empower the individual user. Scholarship on trust often focuses on typologies of trust. This paper shifts the emphasis to those doing the trusting, by presenting findings from empirical research which explored user perspectives on the data practices of the BBC. These findings challenge the assumption that localised or individualised solutions can be effective. They also suggest that conceptualisations of trust in data practices need to account for the complex range of factors which come into play in relation to trust in data and so move beyond the production of typologies. In this paper, we propose the concept of ‘complex ecologies of trust’ as a way of addressing all of these issues

LACK OF GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN THE ALTANTIC DISTRIBUTION OF WAHOO

SUMMARY In this study we present the analysis of the stock structure of Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) using the mitochondrial control region as genetic marker. We analyzed 276 individuals distributed in four locations int eh east and west Atlantic. Samples were from: Northeast Atlantic (AT-NE/BIL94B) (Canary Islands, Spain), from Southeast Atlantic (AT-SE/BIL97) (Côte d’Ivoire and Gabon) and Southwest Atlantic (AT-SW/BIL96). Four of individuals from Southwest Atlantic (AT-SW/BIL96) were genetically identified as Scomberomorus cavalla. The genetic comparison of the four locations failed to show genetic differences. This result suggests a single genetic pool of the Wahoo in the whole Atlantic. Based on these results, ICCAT should reconsider their management strategies for this species in the area studied. RÉSUMÉ Dans cette étude, nous présentons l’analyse de la structure du stock de thazard-bâtard (Acanthocybium solandri) en utilisant la région de contrôle de l’ADN mitochondrial comme marqueur génétique. Nous avons analysé 276 spécimens répartis dans quatre zones de l’Atlantique Est et Ouest. Les échantillons provenaient de : l’Atlantique Nord-Est (AT-NE/BIL94B) (îles Canaries, Espagne), l’Atlantique Sud-Est (AT-SE/BIL97) (Côte d’Ivoire et Gabon) et l’Atlantique Sud-Ouest (AT-SW/BIL96). Quatre spécimens provenant de l’Atlantique Sud-Ouest (AT-SW/BIL96) ont été génétiquement identifiés comme Scomberomorus cavalla. La comparaison génétique des quatre zones n’a pas révélé de différences génétiques. Ce résultat donne à penser à un patrimoine génétique du thazard-bâtard dans l’ensemble de l’Atlantique. En se fondant sur ces résultats, l’ICCAT devrait revoir ses stratégies de gestion pour cette espèce dans la zone à l’étude. RESUMEN En este estudio presentamos el análisis de la estructura del stock del peto (Acanthocybium solandri) utilizando la región de control mitocondrial como marcador genético. Hemos analizado 276 ejemplares distribuidos en cuatro localizaciones en el Atlántico este y oeste. Las muestras procedían de: Atlántico nororiental (AT-NE/BIL94B) (islas Canarias, España), del Atlántico suroriental (AT-SE/BIL97) (Côte d'Ivoire y Gabón) y del Atlántico sudoccidental (AT-SW/BIL96). Cuatro de los ejemplares del Atlántico sudoccidental (AT-SW/BIL96) fueron genéticamente identificados como Scomberomorus cavalla. La comparación genética de las cuatro localizaciones no mostraba diferencias genéticas. Este resultado sugiere un único acervo genético del peto en todo el Atlántico. Basándose en estos resultados, ICCAT debería reconsiderar la estrategia de ordenación para esta especie en la zona estudiada.Versión del edito

First presence of Macaca sylvanus at the late Early Pleistocene of Barranc de la Boella (La Mina locality, Francolí Basin, NE Iberia)

This research has been funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, PID2021-122356NB-I00. D.F. is supported by the Ayuda del Programa de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU20/03389) and is a Ph.D. student at the Programa de Doctorado en Biología at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. A.E. is supported by H2020-MSCA-IF project No. 891529 (3DFOSSILDIET). A.P. is supported by the LATEUROPE project (Grant agreement ID 101052653) that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s HORIZON1.1 research program. The Barranc de la Boella fieldwork is supported by the Ajuntament de la Canonja and Departament de Cultura of Generalitat de Catalunya (ARQ001SOL-186-2022). The Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHESCERCA) has received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the ‘María de Maeztu’ program for Units of Excellence (CEX2019-000945-M).This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 89152

Results of salt intake restriction monitored with the new sodium control biosensor

Adherence to a low sodium (Na) diet is crucial in patients under hemodialysis, as it improves cardiovascular outcomes and reduces thirst and interdialytic weight gain. Recommended salt intake is lower than 5 g/day. The new 6008 CareSystem monitors incorporate a Na module that offers the advantage of estimating patients' salt intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary Na restriction for 1 week, monitored with the Na biosensor.A prospective study was conducted in 48 patients who maintained their usual dialysis parameters and were dialyzed with a 6008 CareSystem monitor with activation of the Na module. Total Na balance, pre/postdialysis weight, serum Na (sNa), changes in pre- to post-dialysis sNa (ΔsNa), diffusive balance, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were compared twice, once after 1 week of patients' usual Na diet and again after another week with more restricted Na intake.Restricted Na intake increased the percentage of patients on a low-sodium diet (<85 Na mmol/day) from 8% to 44%. Average daily Na intake decreased from 149 ± 54 to 95 ± 49 mmol and interdialytic weight gain was reduced by 460 ± 484 g per session. More restricted Na intake also decreased pre-dialysis sNa and increased both intradialytic diffusive balance and ΔsNa. In hypertensive patients, reducing daily sodium by more than 3 g Na/day lowered their systolic blood pressure.The new Na module allowed objective monitoring of Na intake, which in turn could permit more precise personalized dietary recommendations in patients under hemodialysis.S. Karger AG, Basel

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes expanded from pediatric neuroblastoma display heterogeneity of phenotype and function

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has led to clinical benefit in some patients with melanoma but has not demonstrated convincing efficacy in other solid cancers. Whilst the presence of TILs in many types of cancer is often associated with better clinical prognosis, their function has not been systematically evaluated across cancer types. Responses to immunological checkpoint inhibitors in a wide range of cancers, including those for which adoptive transfer of expanded TILs has not shown clinical benefit, has clearly delineated a number of tumor type associated with tumor-reactive lymphocytes capable of effecting tumor remissions. Neuroblastoma is an aggressive childhood solid cancer in which immunotherapy with GD2-directed antibodies confers a proven survival advantage through incompletely understood mechanisms. We therefore evaluated the feasibility of ex vivo expansion of TILs from freshly resected neuroblastoma tumors and the potential therapeutic utility of TIL expansions. TILs were successfully expanded from both tumor biopsies or resections. Significant numbers of NKT and γδT cells were identified alongside the mixed population of cytotoxic (CD8+) and helper (CD4+) T cells of both effector and central memory phenotypes. Isolated TILs were broadly non-reactive against autologous tumor and neuroblastoma cell lines, so enhancement of neuroblastoma killing was attained by transducing TILs with a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting GD2. CAR-TILs demonstrated antigen-specific cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines. This study is the first to show reproducible expansion of TILs from pediatric neuroblastoma, the high proportion of innate-like lymphocytes, and the feasibility to use CAR-TILs therapeutically

Microbotanical residues for the study of early hominin tools

More than 2 million years ago in East Africa, the earliest hominin stone tools evolved amidst changes in resource base, with pounding technology playing a key role in this adaptive process. Olduvai Gorge (now Oldupai) is a famed locality that remains paramount for the study of human evolution, also yielding some of the oldest battering tools in the world. However, direct evidence of the resources processed with these technologies is lacking entirely. One way to obtain this evidence is through the analysis of surviving residues. Yet, linking residues with past processing activities is not simple. In the case of plant exploitation, this link can only be established by assessing site-based reference collections inclusive of both anthropogenic and natural residues as a necessary first step and comparative starting point. In this paper, we assess microbotanical remains from rock clasts sourced at the same quarry utilized by Oldowan hominins at Oldupai Gorge. We mapped this signal and analysed it quantitatively to classify its spatial distribution objectively, extracting proxies for taxonomic identification and further comparison with freestanding soils. In addition, we used blanks to manufacture pounding tools for blind, controlled replication of plant processing. We discovered that stone blanks are in fact environmental reservoirs in which plant remains are trapped by lithobionts, preserved as hardened accretions. Tool use, on the other hand, creates residue clusters; however, their spatial distribution can be discriminated from purely natural assemblages by the georeferencing of residues and statistical analysis of resulting patterns. To conclude, we provide a protocol for best practice and a workflow that has the advantage of overcoming environmental noise, reducing the risk of false positive, delivering a firm understanding of residues as polygenic mixtures, a reliable use of controls, and most importantly, a stronger link between microbotanical remains and stone tool use. © 2022. The Author(s).Materials and methods Results - Blanks as environmental reservoirs - Utilization creates residue clusters - Anthropogenic residue distribution - Of lichen habitability, proxy palimpsests, and hardened accretions - A protocol to study plant residue from Oldowan pounding tool