Multilayer gas cells for sub-Doppler spectroscopy

We have carried out theoretical research on ultra-high resolution spectroscopy of atoms (or molecules) in the suggested cell with a series of plane-parallel thin gas layers between spatially separated gas regions of this cell for optical pumping and probing. It is shown the effective velocity selection of optically pumped atoms because of their specific transit time and collisional relaxation in such a cell, which lead to narrow sub-Doppler resonances in absorption of the probe monochromatic light beam. Resolution of this spectroscopic method is analyzed in cases of stationary and definite nonstationary optical pumping of atoms by the broadband radiation versus geometrical parameters of given cells and pumping intensity. The suggested multilayer gas cell is the compact analog of many parallel atomic (molecular) beams and may be used also as the basis of new compact optical frequency standards of high accuracy.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Saturation effects in the sub-Doppler spectroscopy of Cesium vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell

Saturation effects affecting absorption and fluorescence spectra of an atomic vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell (cell thickness $L < 1 \mu m$) are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The study is performed on the $D_{2}$ line ($\lambda ~= ~852 nm)$ of $Cs$ and concentrates on the two situations $L = \lambda /2$ and $L =\lambda$, the most contrasted ones with respect to the length dependence of the coherent Dicke narrowing. For $L = \lambda /2$, the Dicke-narrowed absorption profile simply broadens and saturates in amplitude when increasing the light intensity, while for $L =\lambda$, sub-Doppler dips of reduced absorption at line-center appear on the broad absorption profile. For a fluorescence detection at $L =\lambda$, saturation induces narrow dips, but only for hyperfine components undergoing a population loss through optical pumping. These experimental results are interpreted with the help of the various existing models, and are compared with numerical calculations based upon a two-level modelling that considers both a closed and an open system.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure

Evaluation of the effect of non-current fixed assets on profitability and asset management efficiency

The purpose of this article is to investigate the problem, which stems from non-current fixed assets affecting profitability and asset management efficiency. Tangible assets, intangible assets and financial assets are all included in non-current fixed assets. The aim of the research is to identify the impact of estimates and valuation in accounting for non-current fixed assets through several objectives, for example, explanation of the impairment tests of tangible and intangible assets under IFRS. This study relied on combining the deductive approach with the quantitative analysis approach, where the deductive approach was used to root the subject through books, periodicals and scientific communications and electronic articles published online. The results of the research: The differences in the measurement of accounting figures under IFRS and EAS may directly affect the numerator of ratio calculations, their denominator, or both. In cases where the difference in measurement affects only the numerator or only the denominator, the effect of the changes is straightforward, easy to identify and to interpret. Identification and interpretation are less obvious in cases of numerous diverging effects on ratios. The results provided by this article have a practical value for designers and users of financial statements. © 2016 Lubyanaya et al

Brans-Dicke Wormhole Revisited

A basic constraint to be satisfied by Brans class I solution for being a traversible wormhole is derived. It is argued that the solution could be a wormhole analogue of the Horowitz-Ross naked black hole. It is further demonstrated that the wormhole is traversible only "in principle", but not in practice. Using a recently proposed measure of total gravitational energy inside a static wormhole configuration, it is shown that the wormhole contains repulsive gravity required for the defocussing of orbits at the throat.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Class. Quant. Gra

Organizational and economic directions of competitive recovery of Russian pharmaceutical enterprises

The urgency of the analyzed issue is due to the fact that the sustainable development of the economy of any country is the most important level of public health, which in turn, is conditioned by providing high quality pharmaceutical products. This is determined by the effective activity of the pharmaceutical industry, its competitiveness. Thus, the study of the competitiveness of Russian pharmaceutical enterprises, the development directions of its improvement should contribute to the sustainable development of the Russian economy. The article is focused on the development of organizational and economic ways of competitive recovery of the pharmaceutical industry. The leading approach to the study of this issue is an analytical approach that allows identifying the main directions of competitive recovery of the pharmaceutical industry. The results of the article: the study of possible organizational and economic ways of competitive recovery of Russian companies in the pharmaceutical industry, the algorithm of directions of its increase. The made recommendations have been tested in a number of Russian companies in the pharmaceutical industry. The article date may be useful in the management of the pharmaceutical industry now, as well as for understanding the specifics of the domestic pharmaceutical industry. © 2016 Ashmarina et al

Tetra-AML: Automatic Machine Learning via Tensor Networks

Neural networks have revolutionized many aspects of society but in the era of huge models with billions of parameters, optimizing and deploying them for commercial applications can require significant computational and financial resources. To address these challenges, we introduce the Tetra-AML toolbox, which automates neural architecture search and hyperparameter optimization via a custom-developed black-box Tensor train Optimization algorithm, TetraOpt. The toolbox also provides model compression through quantization and pruning, augmented by compression using tensor networks. Here, we analyze a unified benchmark for optimizing neural networks in computer vision tasks and show the superior performance of our approach compared to Bayesian optimization on the CIFAR-10 dataset. We also demonstrate the compression of ResNet-18 neural networks, where we use 14.5 times less memory while losing just 3.2% of accuracy. The presented framework is generic, not limited by computer vision problems, supports hardware acceleration (such as with GPUs and TPUs) and can be further extended to quantum hardware and to hybrid quantum machine learning models

New Features of Extended Wormhole Solutions in the Scalar Field Gravity Theories

The present paper reports interesting new features that wormhole solutions in the scalar field gravity theory have. To demonstrate these, we obtain, by using a slightly modified form of the Matos-Nunez algorithm, an extended class of asymptotically flat wormhole solutions belonging to Einstein minimally coupled scalar field theory. Generally, solutions in these theories do not represent traversable wormholes due to the occurrence of curvature singularities. However, the Ellis I solution of the Einstein minimally coupled theory, when Wick rotated, yields Ellis class III solution, the latter representing a singularity-free traversable wormhole. We see that Ellis I and III are not essentially independent solutions. The Wick rotated seed solutions, extended by the algorithm, contain two new parameters a and \delta;. The effect of the parameter a on the geodesic motion of test particles reveals some remarkable features. By arguing for Sagnac effect in the extended Wick rotated solution, we find that the parameter a can indeed be interpreted as a rotation parameter of the wormhole. The analyses reported here have wider applicability in that they can very well be adopted in other theories, including in the string theory.Comment: 19 page

Theoretical study of dark resonances in micro-metric thin cells

We investigate theoretically dark resonance spectroscopy for a dilute atomic vapor confined in a thin (micro-metric) cell. We identify the physical parameters characterizing the spectra and study their influence. We focus on a Hanle-type situation, with an optical irradiation under normal incidence and resonant with the atomic transition. The dark resonance spectrum is predicted to combine broad wings with a sharp maximum at line-center, that can be singled out when detecting a derivative of the dark resonance spectrum. This narrow signal derivative, shown to broaden only sub-linearly with the cell length, is a signature of the contribution of atoms slow enough to fly between the cell windows in a time as long as the characteristic ground state optical pumping time. We suggest that this dark resonance spectroscopy in micro-metric thin cells could be a suitable tool for probing the effective velocity distribution in the thin cell arising from the atomic desorption processes, and notably to identify the limiting factors affecting desorption under a grazing incidence.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures theoretical articl