Cumulative effects of washing on properties of cotton fabrics and their blends

Apart from removing soils and preventing redeposition, chemical and mechanical activities during washing also change the structure of the textile treated. The intensity of these changes is dependent on the initial level of quality of the textiles treated, as well as upon the processing conditions (temperature, washing agent, mechanical parameters, number of washing cycles, etc). The aim of this paper was study cumulative effects of washing on properties of cotton fabrics and their blends through RAL-GZ 992 quality criteria evaluated through ash content, whiteness, tint deviation, mechanical and chemical damage. Electrokinetic potential, pilling resistance and morphology of cotton and their blends were selected as evaluation criteria for surface characterization of cotton and their blends after multiple washing cycles

Primjena metode nanošenja sloj po sloj na tekstil

U svijetu se u posljednjih 20 godina provode intenzivna istraživanja mogućnosti nanošenja tankih nanosa sloj po sloj na različite podloge, čija svojstva se time bitno mijenjaju. Nanosi su debljine od nekoliko nanometara, a nanose se naizmjeničnim slaganjem različito nabijenih slojeva. Takva obrada se ponavlja više puta te se dobivaju višeslojni nanosi. Ovakvom funkcionalizacijom materijalima se poboljšavaju, odnosno mijenjaju svojstva. Primjena ove tehnike moguća je i na tekstilu čime se obrađenom materijalu može povećati hidrofi lnost ili se može postići bolja otpornost na gorenje, bakterije, UV zračenje i drugo. Postojanost navedenih svojstava na pranje je predmet intenzivnog istraživanja. Laboratorijskim obradama dobiveni su dobri rezultati, ali ova obrada još nije uvedena u praksu no očekuje se da će se i to uspjeti u bližoj budućnosti

Uporaba celulaz v procesu plemenitenja

Cellulases are enzymes that are used for the surface modifi cations of cellulosic materials primarily during fi nishing. It is a multi-component enzymatic system which hydrolyzes cellulose chains, on the surface of the fi bres, to glucose. During their applications in the fi nishing of textiles, surface fi bres are removed and the surfaces of the treated textiles become smooth. The most important application is in the processing of denim for providing special eff ects without signifi cant fabric loss of strength. Enzymes are eff ective over mild conditions of pH and temperatures and are easily biodegradable.Celulaze so encimi, namenjeni površinski modifi kaciji celuloznih tekstilij, predvsem pri plemenitenju tekstilij. Večkomponentni sistem encimov hidrolizira celulozne makromolekule na površju vlaken do glukoze. Z uporabo celulaz pri plemenitenju tekstilij se odstranijo štrleča vlakna na površju tekstilije, s čimer postane obdelano površje gladko. Med najpomembnejše vrste uporabe celulaz spada plemenitenje denim jeansa, kjer dosežejo posebne učinke brez bistvenega znižanja trdnosti tkanine. Encimi so učinkoviti v blagih pogojih vrednosti pH in temperature in so enostavno biorazgradljivi

THE SORPTION ABILITY OF TEXTILE FIBRES

Sorption capacity of textiles fibres for surfactants and water is discussed. Adsorption of surfactants is characterized through adsorption isotherms, adsorbed, desorbed and residual amount of ionic surfactants in variation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic part and concentration as well. Water sorption is expressed as moisture content and water retention value of textile fibres. Cationic and anionic surfactants are adsorbed on the cotton, wool, polyester and polypropylene fibres at 20C for 60 minutes. Desorption of surfactants is performed at 20C for 30 minutes. The results obtained indicate that the key parameters in adsorption process are concentration and composition of the surfactants, as well as the swelling capacity of textile fibres

Polarography Determination of Free Formaldehyde on Treated Cotton Fabrics

Application of compounds which, on textile material, release small quantities of formaldehyde makes it necessary to develop an adequate analytical method. Polarography is one of the possible analytical methods to be used. This paper investigates the possibility of using an indirect DC polarographic method via semicarbazone, with direct extraction of formaldehyde in the polarographic cell. Such a modified polarographic method is highly sensitive and selective, it makes it possible to measure small quantities of formal- hyde, while the maximum sample mass to be measured is around 0.2 g. Disturbances that presumably occur due to the presence of surface active agents on the textile material do not occur in the samples smaller than 0.2 g in 30 ml of the polarographic solution

THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF DRY-CLEANING SOLVENTS

U prvom razdoblju razvoja kemijskog čišćenja ekologiji se nije pridavala nikakva važnost. Tek krajem 19. stoljeća uvode se benzinski sapuni u benzinska otapala sa svrhom da se poveća vodljivost kupelji, smanji elektrostatičko nabijanje čišćenih tekstilija i opasnost od požara, time se dodatno povećao učinak čišćenja. U 20. stoljeću uvode se halogenirana otapala koja nisu zapaljiva, ali se tijekom vremena zbog toksičnosti povlače iz primjene osim perkloretilena. U 60-im godinama počinje jačati ekološka svijest. U 90-im godinama ekologija dobiva primarno značenje. Ostaju u primjeni samo nova netoksična otapala, dok se perkloretilenu nameću strogi uvjeti tako da njegova potrošnja smije maksimalno iznositi 2 % na količinu očišćenih tekstilija.In the early stages of the development of dry-cleaning methods, environment protection was an issue of no concern. By the end of the 19th century, soap products were introduced into gasoline solvents in order to improve the bath conductivity and reduce electrostatic charge in the cleaned textiles and the associated risk of fire. The cleaning efficiency was also improved. In the 20th century halogenated inflammable solvents were introduced. All but perchlorethylene were withdrawn and banned on account of their high toxicity. The 1960s witnessed the beginnings of a growing environmental awareness, while the 1990s most decidedly made environment protection a crucial focus of interest. Only new non-toxic solvents remained in use, while the use of PER was highly restricted. Its weight must not exceed 2% of the weight of the cleaned textiles

Damages of textilies in dry cleaning

Opisana su oštećenja u kemijskom čišćenju i njihovi uzroci. Najčešća su oštećenja nastala u upotrebi zbog trošnosti, zatim zbog grešaka u proizvodnji, a tek na trećem mjestu su oštećenja nastala krivnjom kemijske čistionice. Vrlo veliko značenje imaju ušivene etikete s oznakom dozvoljenog postupka njege. Za krivo označavanje na etiketama odgovorni su proizvođači. Suradnjom između proizvođača tekstila i kemijskih čistionica veliki dio oštećenja se može izbjeći.Variation of damages in dry cleaning process and possible reasons were analysed. The most frequent damages were identified as follows: friability in usage, production faults and culpability of dry cleaning process as ultimate one. Sewn labels with proper care symbols have a great significance in the prevention of damages. Sometimes, textile producers are responsible for wrong labelling. Large share of damages is possible to avoid by qualified collaboration between textile producers and dry cleaners