Isolation and Identification of Glucoamylase Producer Fungus from Sago Hampas

Waste of sago processing, notably hampas (ela) still contains sago starch is waste that has not been utilized optimally yet  and causing pollution. Isolation and identification of glucoamylase producer fungus of sago hampas waste  were aims to obtain isolates that have gluco-amylolytic properties, and to know glucoamylase activity of selected fungus isolates after grown on artificial medium.  Indegeneous isolates that can produced glucoamylase will be use to get sugar hidrolysate from starch of sago hampas waste for bioetanol production. The study was conducted with the following stages: 1)Take the sample from the tennis, 2) Isolation and Identification, 3) Characterization (clear zone), and 4) The production of glucoamylase from selected isolates, The results obtained are: 1) Isolation of fungi gluco-amylolytic from 2 sources sago hampas were produced 10 isolates. Ten isolates were divided into 4 genuses: Gliocladium (as dominant isolate), Aspergilus, Rizhopus and Geotrichum. Isolates of Gliocladium KE gaves the largest degradation of starch on PDA-Starch medium (clear zone), and followed by isolates of Aspergillus GA; 2) Production of glucoamylase on sago hampas with modificated Danial medium (1992) gave the highest activity of Gliocladium KE   on the fifth day of incubation, namely: 10.72 U / mL of crude enzyme   from the supernatant of fermentation substrate (S), and 17.16 U / mL for crude enzyme from the extract of isopropanol isolation (E)

Statistic Correlation Technique, MEMCDM Non-Numerical and Fuzzy System for Collaboration Determining of Dominant Factors of National Palm Oil Stock

Palm oil is the strategic commodities of the world and domestic of Indonesia. Indonesia is the biggest exporter of palm oil since 2006. As the biggest exporter, Indonesia can not be a price maker in international market. Besides Indonesia palm oil factory can not absorb all of crude palm oil production. This condition can disturbed to domestic crude palm oil stock and national foreign exchange or dollar when crude palm oil export decline. Therefor finding dominant factors of detect variable of stock problems are very important. The dominant factors is found by literature study then be equipped by historical data of annual periods. Statistical Pearson correlation and multi-pexpert multi-criteria decision making (MEMCDM) non-numerical are used to test and to verify correlation the dominant factors of national crude palm oil stock, and then fuzzy system is used to judge the dominant factors. Keywords: Pearson correlation statistic, multi-criteria decision making non-numerical, fuzzy syste

Surface Modification of Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse Using Soybean Oil to Increase the Hydrophobicity

Cellulose fibers from sugarcane bagasse were bleached and modified by soybean oil in order to increase the hydrophobicity. The modified cellulose prepared by mising cellulose fibers with soybean oil in various quantity and ethanol as a solvent. the process was mixed using ultrasonic for 3 minutes and than was dried using oven at 110 oC for 60 minutes. Identification of the infrared spectrum confirmed that cellulose modified by 0,35 g and 0,5 g soybean oil generates signals carbonyl functional group at wavenumber 1750 cm-1. The XRD patterns indicated that degree of crystalinity from modified cellulose did not change significantly. In addition, the wettability test showed that the modified cellulose hard to dispersed in water solvent

Surface Modification of Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse Using Soybean Oil to Increase the Hydrophobicity

Cellulose fibers from sugarcane bagasse were bleached and modified by soybean oil in order to increase the hydrophobicity. The modified cellulose prepared by mising cellulose fibers with soybean oil in various quantity and ethanol as a solvent. the process was mixed using ultrasonic for 3 minutes and than was dried using oven at 110 oC for 60 minutes. Identification of the infrared spectrum confirmed that cellulose modified by 0,35 g and 0,5 g soybean oil generates signals carbonyl functional group at wavenumber 1750 cm-1. The XRD patterns indicated that degree of crystalinity from modified cellulose did not change significantly. In addition, the wettability test showed that the modified cellulose hard to dispersed in water solvent

The Heat Resistant Capabilities of Bioplastic Composites on Sago Hampas Starch-Al2O3

Sago hampas are a waste with a high starch content. The starch from sago hampas can be used as a raw material for bioplastics. However, because bioplastics have a lower heat resistance than conventional plastics, additives are required to increase heat resistance. Aluminum oxide can be used as a metal compound that acts as an additive to increase heat resistance. Bioplastics were created using a weight percentage of 0, 1, 3, and 5% Al2O3. DTA was used to determine the melting point of bioplastics, as well as their mechanical properties, density, and water resistance. The best results were identified using FTIR and SEM. The results showed that adding Al2O3 at 1, 3, and 5% increased the heat resistance of bioplastics with melting points of 270, 274, and 280 oC. Except for mechanical properties, the best results were obtained with a melting point of 280 oC, tensile strength of 3.41 Mpa, elongation of 38.66%, density of 5.52 g cm-3, and 80.28% water resistance for bioplastics with 5% Al2O3 that suitable on Indonesian National Standard 7188.7:2016. The FTIR analysis revealed that bioplastics containing Al2O3 experienced physical interactions. Morphological analysis revealed that Al2O3 was evenly distributed on the bioplastic's surface

STABILITAS EDIBLE FILM PATI SAGU (METROXYLON SAGU ROTTB.) ASETAT SELAMA PENYIMPANAN PADA BERBAGAI SUHU

The degree of stability of starch-based edible films during storage varies greatly compared to synthetic films. This work aimed to study the effect of storage temperatures on the stability of sago starch acetate edible film during storage. Edible films produced by casting and storage at 5, 30 and 40 oC temperatures for 34 days. The observed characteristics were crystallinity, contact angle, physical, mechanical and barrier (WVTR) film properties. Sago starch acetate edible films presented lower relative crystallinity (10,10%) and highest contact angle (51,04o) when compared with native starch edible films. The results indicated that sago starch acetate edible films were relatively stable when stored at low (5 oC) and high (30 and 40 oC) temperatures. Storage temperatures did not affect physical properties (solubility, transparency) and mechanical (elongation at break / EAB) of sago starch acetate edible films except tensile strength (TS) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). TS values ​​increased at temperatures 30 and 40 oC and WVTR values ​​increased at temperature 30 oC. Changes in physical and mechanical properties occur at the beginning of storage, but then tend to be stable until the end of storage. Sago starch acetate edible films had low physical and mechanical characteristics, that was TS (2.25–4.90 MPa), elongation at break (29.65–89.62%), solubility (15.01–29.61%),  transparency (0.91–1.87)  and very low WVTR value (0.07–0.33 g/m2.hour) and Ea (-8.6E-04 kJ/mol). Sago starch acetate edible films had good physical and mechanical properties and resistant to moisture, can be used for applications as edible films and coatings for foods that contain high water content. Keywords: edible film, mechanical and physical properties, sago starch acetate, water vapor transmission rat

STUDI AWAL PENGARUH METODE EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KADAR ASIATICOSIDE DARI CENTELLA ASIATICA (L) URB

STUDI AWAL PENGARUH METODE EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KADAR ASIATICOSIDE DARI CENTELLA ASIATICA (L) URB. Proses ekstraksi Centella asiatica (L) Urb dengan metode maserasi, sonikasi, sokletasi dan CO2 superkritik telah dilakukan. Pengaruh proses ekstraksi terhadap rendemen dan kadar asiaticoside dari Centella asiatica (L) Urb (pegagan) telah dipelajari. Hasil dari perhitungan rendemen asiaticoside terlihat bahwa kandungan asiaticoside (% berat) dari proses ekstraksimaserasi, sonikasi, sokletasi dan CO2 superkritik berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 6,723%; 0,187%; 3.648%dan 9,24%. Rendemen asiaticoside paling tinggi diperoleh dari teknologi ekstraksi CO2 superkritik, karena teknologi ini dilakukan pada tekanan dan suhu tertentu sehingga kualitas hasil ekstraksi ditentukan oleh seberapa kritis penggunaan tekanan dan suhunya. Karena pada kondisi ini, selain mengubah densitas CO2, juga berpengaruh terhadap kelarutan dan selektivitas dari zat yang akan terekstrak. Semakin tinggi tekanan dan kelarutan, total hasil ekstraksi akan semakin tinggi. Untukmengetahui adanya senyawa asiaticoside dalam Centella asiatica (L) Urb (pegagan) digunakan analisis HPLC. Dari hasil analisis kromatogram bahwa ada dua puncak yang terdeteksi, dan secara kualitatif senyawa asiaticoside yang diperoleh denganmenggunakan ekstraksi CO2 superkritik lebih tinggi kadarnya dibanding metode ekstraksi lainnya, karena teknologi proses ekstraksi CO2 superkritik memanfaatkan kekuatan pelarut dan sifat fisik dari komponenmurni atau campuran, sehinggamudahmelakukan penetrasi ke dalam dinding material yang di ekstrak dan melarutkan komponen senyawa aktif secara selektif dengan kualitas produk tinggi dan tidakmengandung residu pelarut sehingga lebih murni

PEMODELAN KERANGKA ADAPTIVE THRESHOLD UNTUK MEMONITOR PRODUKSI MINYAK SAWIT NASIONAL BERBASIS STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL DAN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK-BACKPROPAGATION

Indonesia is the largest exporter of palm oil in the world, as the largest producer Indonesia still havemany problems. The problem caused by incomparable between the growth of upstream and downstreampalm oil industries. This impact to low added value of palm oil, then Indonesia exports palm oil in crudeform. On the other hand, On the other hand , orientation export of this commodity is also prone of barrier,because Indonesia was not the price setter of this commodity in the international market. Therefore it isimportant to monitor and predict the development of national palm oil production volume in order to takegood anticipation. This research develop a framework model adaptive threshold to monitor the growing ofnational palm oil production volume with techniques of statistical process control (SPC) and back propagationartificial neural network (ANN - BP) methods. Historical data production volume period from 1967 to 2015was used as a base of the behavior as data to determine the threshold and prediction volume for nextperiods. The formation of the threshold value was based on the behavior of the historical data, which areoriented by the epicenter of the average value in the last two periods .Through mapping of data historicalperiod values, existing and forecast values with adaptive threshold can show tolerant level for the threshold.Furthermore, based on the analysis, it is known that the prediction of 2016 to 2018 period, there will behappen the dynamics production volume of national palm oil within tolerance threshold. The values of thesepredictions generated from the simulation model predictions of ANN-BP with the level very good of validationmodel, demonstrated the level of squared errors is very small1 in the MSE = 0.00021136 with a degree ofoutput correlation and the target is very strong2 with R Validation is 99.98 percent.Keywords: adaptive threshold, statistical process control, artificial neural network, national palm oilproduction