1,655 research outputs found
A Backward Particle Interpretation of Feynman-Kac Formulae
We design a particle interpretation of Feynman-Kac measures on path spaces
based on a backward Markovian representation combined with a traditional mean
field particle interpretation of the flow of their final time marginals. In
contrast to traditional genealogical tree based models, these new particle
algorithms can be used to compute normalized additive functionals "on-the-fly"
as well as their limiting occupation measures with a given precision degree
that does not depend on the final time horizon.
We provide uniform convergence results w.r.t. the time horizon parameter as
well as functional central limit theorems and exponential concentration
estimates. We also illustrate these results in the context of computational
physics and imaginary time Schroedinger type partial differential equations,
with a special interest in the numerical approximation of the invariant measure
associated to -processes
Large Intra-Articular Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ganglion Cyst, Presenting with Inability to Flex the Knee
A 41-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of gradually worsening anterior knee pain, swelling and inability to flex the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large intra-articular cystic swelling anterior to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), extending into the Hoffa's infrapatellar fat pad. Following manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic debridement of the cyst, the patient's symptoms were relieved with restoration of normal knee motion. ACL ganglion cysts are uncommon intra-articular pathological entities, which are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally by MRI. This is the first reported case of an ACL cyst being so large as to cause a mechanical block to knee flexion
The transfer and fate of Pb from sewage sludge amended soil in a multi-trophic food chain: a comparison with the labile elements Cd and Zn
The contamination of agroecosystems due to the presence of trace elements in commonly used agricultural materials is a serious issue. The most contaminated material is usually sewage sludge, and the sustainable use of this material within agriculture is a major concern. This study addresses a key issue in this respect, the fate of trace metals applied to soil in food chains. The work particularly addresses the transfer of Pb, which is an understudied element in this respect, and compares the transfer of Pb with two of the most labile metals, Cd and Zn. The transfer of these elements was determined from sludge-amended soils in a food chain consisting of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), the mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) and a predatory beetle (Coccinella septempunctata). The soil was amended with sludge at rates of 0, 5, 10 and 20 % (w/w). Results showed that Cd was readily transferred through the food chain until the predator trophic level. Zn was the most readily transferred element in the lower trophic levels, but transfer to aphids was effectively restricted by the plant regulating shoot concentration. Pb had the lowest level of transfer from soil to shoot and exhibited particular retention in the roots. Nevertheless, Pb concentrations were significantly increased by sludge amendment in aphids, and Pb was increasingly transferred to ladybirds as levels increased. The potential for Pb to cause secondary toxicity to organisms in higher trophic levels may have therefore been underestimated
Accretion, Primordial Black Holes and Standard Cosmology
Primordial Black Holes evaporate due to Hawking radiation. We find that the
evaporation time of primordial black holes increase when accretion of radiation
is included.Thus depending on accretion efficiency more and more number of
primordial black holes are existing today, which strengthens the idea that the
primordial black holes are the proper candidate for dark matter.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Source of Previous Treatment for Re-Treatment TB Cases Registered under the National TB Control Programme, India, 2010
BACKGROUND: In 2009, nearly half (289,756) of global re-treatment TB notifications are from India; no nationally-representative data on the source of previous treatment was available to inform strategies for improvement of initial TB treatment outcome. OBJECTIVES: To assess the source of previous treatment for re-treatment TB patients registered under India's Revised National TB control Programme (RNTCP). METHODOLOGY: A nationally-representative cross sectional study was conducted in a sample of 36 randomly-selected districts. All consecutively registered retreatment TB patients during a defined 15-day period in these 36 districts were contacted and the information on the source of previous treatment sought. RESULTS: Data was collected from all 1712 retreatment TB patients registered in the identified districts during the study period. The data includes information on 595 'relapse' cases, 105 'failure' cases, 437 'treatment after default (TAD)' cases and 575 're-treatment others' cases. The source of most recent previous anti-tuberculosis therapy for 754 [44% (95% CI, 38.2%-49.9%)] of the re-treatment TB patients was from providers outside the TB control programme. A higher proportion of patients registered as TAD (64%) and 'retreatment others' (59%) were likely to be treated outside the National Programme, when compared to the proportion among 'relapse' (22%) or 'failure' (6%). Extrapolated to national registration, of the 292,972 re-treatment registrations in 2010, 128,907 patients would have been most recently treated outside the national programme. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of the re-treatment cases registered with the national programme were most recently treated outside the programme setting. Enhanced efforts towards extending treatment support and supervision to patients treated by private sector treatment providers are urgently required to improve the quality of treatment and reduce the numbers of patients with recurrent disease. In addition, reasons for the large number of recurrent TB cases from those already treated by the national programme require urgent detailed investigation
Blood eosinophils and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Science Committee 2022 review.
This is the final version. Available from the American Thoracic Society via the DOI in this record. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive
Lung Disease (GOLD) published its first
report for the diagnosis and management of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) in 2001 (1). Since then, GOLD has
updated it yearly (2), the last time in 2022
(www.goldcopd.org). To do so, GOLD
critically evaluates the new evidence since the
previous publication and decides whether it
merits (or not) inclusion in the most recent
update. GOLD publishes specific
recommendations and, sometimes, the main
arguments behind them, but it often lacks
space for a detailed discussion regarding the
pros and cons behind each recommendation.
To address this limitation, the Scientific
Committee of GOLD decided to publish,
separately from the main annual update, a
series of papers that review and discuss topics
of particular current interest for clinical
practice.
The GOLD 2019 report recommended
using blood eosinophil counts (BEC) as part
of a precision medicine strategy to identify
the most suitable patients for inhaled
corticosteroids (ICS) treatment (3). Recent
publications have provided further evidence
and insights concerning BEC in COPD.
Here, we discuss the role of BEC as a COPD
biomarker, focusing on new advances and
summarizing the associated changes in the
GOLD 2022 report (shown in Table 1)
Hsp21potentiates antifungal drug tolerance in Candida albicans
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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