13 research outputs found
An exploratory study to determine what factors influence nurses attitudes toward mental retardation
- Author
- Publication venue
- Boston University
- Publication date
- 01/01/1962
- Field of study
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit
31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two
- Author
- Abassi Yama
- Abelin Jennifer G
- Abolhalaj Milad
- Abraham Tara S
- Adam Ammar
- Adams David
- Adams Homer
- Adams Sarah F
- Adamus Tomasz
- Addepalli Murali
- Addepalli Murali
- Adjei Alex A
- Agapova Larissa
- Agarwala Sanjiv
- Ager Casey
- Aggarwal Charu
- Agnello Giulia
- Agudo Judith
- Aguilar Ethan G
- Aguilera Todd
- Ahamadi Malidi
- Ahn Yong-Oon
- Ahrens Eric T
- Aizer Ayal
- Ajina Reham
- Akerley Wallace
- Al-Muftah Mariam
- Albershardt Tina C
- Albershardt Tina C
- Albrekt Ann-Sofie
- Alekar Shilpa
- Alemany Ramon
- Alemany Ramon
- Alexander Brian
- Allbritton Omaira
- Allen Clint T
- Alley Evan W
- Allison James
- Allison James
- Allison James
- Alston Tesha
- Alt Jürgen
- Alters Susan
- Amatulli Michael
- Anand Snjezana
- Anand Snjezana
- Anand Snjezana
- Anderson Clark
- Anderson Mark
- Andersson Bengt
- Andre Pascale
- Andtbacka Robert H I
- Andtbacka Robert H I
- Angiuoli Sam
- Ansari Tameem
- Anthony Scott
- Antonarakis Emmanuel S
- Antonia Scott J
- Anwar Firoz
- Aquino-Michaels Keston
- Archer Jacob F
- Arina Ainhoa
- Armand Philippe
- Armenta Paul
- Armet Caroline M
- Arnoux Thomas
- Ascarateil Stephane
- Askmyr David
- Atkins Michael
- Atkins Michael B
- Atkinson Victoria
- Au Katrina
- Autio Karen A
- Awad Mark
- Bagarazzi Mark
- Bai Dina
- Baia Gilson
- Baird Jason
- Bajaj Anshika
- Balatoni Timea
- Balboni Tracy
- Balch Leslie
- Bang Andrew
- Bao Riyue
- Bao Yangyi
- Bao Yangyi
- Barakat David
- Barberi Theresa
- Barker Christopher A
- Barnea Eytan
- Barras David
- Bartkowiak Todd
- Bartlett David
- Bartlett David
- Bartlett David
- Bartlett David
- Barton Sunjay M
- Barve Minal
- Bauer Todd
- Bauer Todd W
- Bauman Julie
- Baumgaertner Petra
- Bauml Joshua
- Beceren-Braun Figen
- Beck Kristen
- Becker Annette
- Beckers Johannes
- Beckett Michael A
- Bedognetti Davide
- Bedognetti Davide
- Bedognetti Davide
- Bell Bryan
- Bell Charles J M
- Bell Peter
- Beltran Pedro
- Bender Lewis H
- Bender Steven
- Bennett Mark K
- Benz Steven
- Bera Tapan
- Berglund Peter
- Berglund Peter
- Berkey Sara
- Bernatchez Chantale
- Berry John S
- Berzofsky Jay A
- Bhardwaj Nina
- Bian Zhen
- Bianco Alberto
- Biediger Ronald J
- Bifulco Carlo
- Bigley Alison
- Bingham Patrick
- Biniszkiewicz Detlev M
- Bischoff Helge
- Blake Zoe
- Blake Zoe
- Blakely Collin
- Blazar Bruce R
- Blogowski Wojciech
- Bloom Anja C
- Boehm Jesse
- Bokovanov Vladimir
- Bommareddy Praveen K
- Bommareddy Praveen K
- Bommareddy Praveen K
- Bommareddy Praveen K
- Booth Jamie
- Bornschlegl Svetlana
- Bose Nandita
- Bossenmaier Birgit
- Boughorbel Sabri
- Boyer Jean
- Bramante Simona
- Branstetter Daniel
- Brech Dorothee
- Brenin David
- Broaddus V. C
- Brockstedt Dirk G
- Brockstedt Dirk G
- Brody Joshua
- Bronson Roderick
- Brooks Alan
- Brooks Alan D
- Broucek Joseph
- Brown Alice
- Brown Brian
- Brown Brittany
- Brown Gail L
- Brown Sheila
- Bruce Jeffrey N
- Brunet Laura R
- Bruno Tullia C
- Bryan Jennifer
- Bryant Richard
- Buchbinder Elizabeth
- Bucsek Mark
- Budhu Sadna
- Budhu Sadna
- Budkowska Marta
- Bueno Raphael
- Buettner Florian
- Buettner Nico
- Bullock Kim
- Bullock Kim
- Burova Elena
- Burrill Joel
- Bussler Holm
- Butterfield Lisa H
- Butterfield Lisa H
- Byrne-Steele Miranda
- Cagney Daniel
- Calderon Hugo
- Callahan Margaret K
- Campesato Luis F
- Campogan Dwayne
- Cao Felicia
- Capasso Cristian
- Capasso Cristian
- Caplazi Patrick
- Cappuccini Federica
- Carcaboso Angel M
- Carlino Matteo S
- Carpi Sara
- Carrasco Ruben
- Carrera Diego A
- Carrero Rosa M S
- Carson Dennis A
- Castellini Laura
- Cathomas Richard
- Cauvin Annick
- Cauwenberghs Sandra
- Caux Christophe
- Cebon Jonathan S
- Ceccarelli Michele
- Celis Esteban
- Cerignoli Fabio
- Cerullo Vincenzo
- Cerullo Vincenzo
- Cervera-Carrascón Víctor
- Cesareni Gianni
- Cha John
- Cha John
- Cha John
- Champion Brian
- Chan Anissa S H
- Chan Chanty
- Chan Chanty
- Chan Ivan
- Chan Leo
- Chan Timothy A
- Chang Alfred E
- Chang Alfred E
- Chang Joe
- Chang Nancy N
- Chang Thomas
- Chanuc Fabien
- Chapelin Fanny
- Chaplin Jenny
- Chappel Scott C
- Charych Deborah H
- Charych Deborah H
- Chaudhuri Amitabha
- Chaussabel Damien
- Chen Ada
- Chen Ada
- Chen Gang
- Chen Jason
- Chen Jason
- Chen Xiaomu
- Chen Xin
- Chen Xiufen
- Chen Yu
- Chen Yu
- Chenchik Alex
- Chheda Zinal
- Chiang Eugene
- Chikina Maria
- Chittenden Thomas
- Chiu Hsiling
- Cho Charles
- Chongyung Fang
- Chou Margaret
- Choueiri Toni K
- Choy Carmen
- Clark Joseph I
- Clavijo Paul E
- Clifton Guy T
- Clynes Raphael
- Cobbold Mark
- Cobbold Mark
- Cobbold Mark
- Coder Brandon
- Coffman Robert L
- Cohen Cyrille
- Cohen Ezra E W
- Cohen Roger
- Colen Rivka
- Colevas A. D
- Collins Natalie
- Colrain Jillian
- Coltharp Carla
- Concha-Benavente Fernando
- Connolly Eileen P
- Conwell Darwin
- Conwell Darwin
- Corrales Leticia P
- Corrales Leticia P
- Coukos George
- Coukos George
- Coussens Lisa M
- Coussens Lisa M
- Craggs Graham
- Craig Andrew
- Crittenden Marka
- Cron Kyle R
- Cronstein Bruce N
- Crooks James
- Crosby Andrea
- Crosignani Stefano
- Crowder Robert
- Cruickshank Scott
- Csuka Orsolya
- Curbishley Stuart
- Curiel Tyler
- Curran Emily
- Curran Michael
- Curti Brendan
- Curti Brendan
- Da Costa Andre
- Dai Fu
- Dai Jie
- Dai Peihong
- Dalgleish Angus
- Dalvie Deepak
- Daniels Gregory A
- Daud Adil
- David Justin M
- Davies Bronwyn
- de Boisferon Marc H
- de Groot Patricia
- de Gruijl Tanja
- De Henau Olivier
- de Leon Laura
- De Maeseneire Coraline
- De Sanctis Francesco
- de Silva Suresh
- Deacon Donna
- Deacon Donna H
- DeBenedette Mark
- DeBenedette Mark
- Declerck Paul
- Decock Julie
- Decock Julie
- DeFalco Jeff
- Dela Cruz Filemon
- Delgoffe Greg
- Delgoffe Greg M
- Delgoffe Greg M
- Delgoffe Greg M
- Delogu Lucia
- Delorenzi Mauro
- Demaria Sandra
- Demaria Sandra
- Deng Liang
- Deng Weiwen
- Deng Wentao
- Denies Sofie
- Denis Caroline
- Desbien Anthony L
- deVries Michele
- Dhupkar Pooja
- Diab Adi
- Diab Adi
- Diab Adi
- Diaz Luis
- DiCostanzo AriCeli
- Diede Scott J
- Dietz Allan B
- Dillhoff Mary
- Dillon Patrick
- Dilworth Ryan
- Dimberg Anna
- Ding Yueyun
- Doberstein Stephen K
- Dobkin Julie
- Doener Fatma
- Dolegowska Barbara
- Doleschall Zoltan
- Doman Thompson
- Dominguez George
- Donahue Renee
- Donahue Renee
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dovedi Simon
- Downs-Canner Stephanie
- Drake Charles
- Drake Charles G
- Drake Charles G
- Driessens Gregory
- Driscoll Kyla
- Druker Brian J
- Dubensky Thomas W
- Dubensky Thomas W
- Dudimah Duafalia
- Duff Susan
- Dumontet Charles
- Dunai Cordelia
- Dunai Cordelia
- Dutcher Janice P
- Duttagupta Priyanka
- Duvvuri Uma
- Dyson Mike
- D’Apuzzo Massimo
- Ebner Peggy
- Edwards Robert
- Edwards Robert P
- Edwards Robert P
- Eickhoff Jens
- Eisenhower Mary
- El Alaoui Meddy
- El Alaoui Said
- Eles Klara
- Ellies Lesley
- Elnaggar Omar
- Elvecrog James
- Emberley Ethan
- Emerling Daniel
- Eng Charis
- Engelhard Victor H
- English Jessie
- Enstrom Amanda
- Eremeev Artem
- Eriksson Emma
- Eriksson Emma
- Eriksson Emma
- Ertelt Kathleen
- Eswarappa Rajesh
- Evans Elizabeth
- Evans Kathy
- Facciabene Andrea
- Facciabene Andrea
- Facciabene Andrea
- Facciponte John
- Facciponte John
- Falchook Gerald
- Fantini Massimo
- Fantini Massimo
- Fantini Massimo
- Farkas Emil
- Farren Matthew
- Faustman Denise
- Fa’ak Faisal
- Fa’ak Faisal
- Femel Julia
- Feng JunLi
- Feng Yan
- Feng Zipei
- Feola Sara
- Fernandez Christian
- Fernando Ingrid
- Ferris Robert L
- Ferris Robert L
- Ferris Robert L
- Ferris Robert L
- Fesenkova Valentyna
- Field Jessica J
- Fisher Kerry
- Fisher Terry
- Fitzharris Bernie
- Flano Emilio
- Flechtner Jessica B
- Flies Dallas B
- Flynn Patrick
- Fogler William
- Fong Lawrence
- Formenti Silvia C
- Formenti Silvia C
- Foster Cathie
- Foster Rosemary
- Fotin-Mleczek Mariola
- Fox Bernard
- Francica Brian
- Francis Julie-Ann
- Frangou Costa
- Franklin Marilyn
- Franklin Wilbur
- Frascaro Federica
- Fraser Kathryn
- Frederix Kim
- Freimark Bruce
- Freimark Bruce
- Freimark Bruce
- Frey Alan
- Fridman Leticia
- Friedman Alan
- Friedman David
- Fromm George
- Früh Martin
- Fu Yang-Xin
- Fu Yichun
- Fu Yichun
- Fuertes Marraco Silvia A
- Fugle Caroline W
- Fuhrmann Steven
- Fukaya Satoshi
- Fulton Noreen
- Fuoco Claudia
- Fusciello Manlio
- Fuseri Nicolas
- Gabitzsch Elizabeth
- Gabrail Nashat
- Gabrilovich Dmitry
- Gajewski Thomas
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Galeassi Nadejda
- Gamble Alicia
- Gamble Alicia
- Gameiro Sofia
- Gameiro Sofia R
- Gandhi Anita
- Gao Chan
- Gardai Shyra J
- Gardner Kellie
- Gartrell Robyn
- Gartrell Robyn
- Gartrell Robyn
- Gasmi Billel
- Gastineau Dennis A
- Gaughan Elizabeth
- Gauthier Audrey
- Gauthier Kelsey S
- Geissler Michael
- Gergel Ivan
- Geukens Nick
- Gfeller David
- Ghadially Hormas
- Ghamsari Lila
- Ghandi Leena
- Ghisoli Maurizio
- Giaccia Amato
- Gibney Geoffrey
- Giffin Louise
- Gillies Stephen D
- Giri Sanjeev
- Gladstone Douglas
- Glickman Laura H
- Gnad-Vogt Ulrike
- Godwin John
- Gomes Bruno
- Gong Jian
- Gong Jian
- Gonzales Rodney J M
- Gooding William
- Gooding William
- Goodman Reid
- Gopal Ajay
- Gordon Keith
- Gordon Nancy
- Gottschalk Stephen
- Gough Michael
- Gowda Nagaraj
- Goyal Sharad
- Graff Jeremy
- Graham Charles
- Graves Edward
- Gray Michael
- Gray Michael
- Greasley Samantha
- Greenberg Norman
- Greiff Lennart
- Greiner John W
- Grenga Italia
- Grenga Italia
- Gressett Monica M
- Griesinger Frank
- Grigoryeva Olga
- Grigsby Iwen
- Grivas Petros
- Grogan Elizabeth W
- Grogan Jane
- Grose Mark
- Grose Mark
- Grose Mark
- Grosh William
- Gross Matt
- Gross Matt
- Grossenbacher Steven K
- Grossmann Kenneth
- Gruber Harry
- Gu Xuemin
- Guenther Garret
- Guerriero Jennifer
- Gugel Elena G
- Guiducci Cristina
- Guirado Elizabeth
- Gulley James L
- Gunatilaka Leslie A A
- Guo Jie
- Guo Zeng-qing
- Gupta Ravi
- Gupta Sachin
- Gupta Sumati
- Gustafson Michael P
- Gutierrez Andres A
- Guttridge Denis
- Guy Emily I
- Guzman Wilson
- Hagihara Katsunobu
- Hagner Patrick
- Hailemichael Yared
- Hailemichael Yared
- Haining W. N
- Hale Diane F
- Hall Gerald
- Hallmeyer Sigrun
- Hamdy Freddie
- Hammond Scott A
- Han Jian
- Han Yanyan
- Hank Jacquelyn A
- Hanks Brent A
- Hanson Bill
- Harari Paul M
- Harbell Michael
- Hardin Mark O
- Hardwick James
- Harrington Kevin
- Harris Jaryse
- Harris-Bookman Sarah
- Hart Philip
- Hasapidis Jeannette
- Hassan Raffit
- Havel Jonathan
- Havunen Riikka
- Havunen Riikka
- Hayashi Tomoko
- Haymaker Cara
- Haynes Heather
- Heinze Clinton
- Hellmann Matthew D
- Hellmann Matthew D
- Hellmann Matthew D
- Hellström Ann-Charlotte
- Helming Laura
- Hemmi Silvio
- Hemminki Akseli
- Hemminki Akseli
- Hemminki Otto
- Hendrickx Wouter
- Hendrickx Wouter
- Hendrickx Wouter
- Henrich Ian
- Heo Dae S
- Herbert Garth S
- Herbst Ronald
- Heron Dwight
- Herranz Mireia U
- Hess Kenneth R
- Heymach John
- Higuchi Tomoe
- Hilbe Wolfgang
- Hill Adrian
- Hill Andrew G
- Hill Jonathan A
- Hillringhaus Lars
- Hipp Madeleine
- Hirschhorhn-Cymerman Daniel
- Ho Po
- Hoch Ute
- Hoch Ute
- Hoch Ute
- Hodge James
- Hodge James
- Hodge James W
- Hodi F. S
- Hodi F. S
- Hodi F. S
- Hofmeister Robert
- Holland Pamela M
- Hollevoet Kevin
- Hollingsworth Robert E
- Hollingsworth Robert E
- Holmgaard Rikke
- Holtzhausen Alisha
- Honarmand Somayeh
- Hong Bang-Xing
- Hong David
- Hong Henoch S
- Hong Peter
- Horst Basil
- Horton Brendan
- Horvath Szabolcs
- Hotson Andrew
- Hou Jinlin
- Hou Xiaohong
- Hou Yafei
- Howell Alan
- Hu Yangyang
- Hu Yangyang
- Hu-Lieskovan Siwen
- Hua Hong
- Huang Fei
- Huang Jing
- Huang Shiang
- Huang Shiang
- Huang Tony
- Huang Yuanhiu
- Huang Yuanhiu
- Hudson Thomas E
- Huelsmann Erica
- Huffman Austin P
- Humeau Laurent
- Hunt Donald F
- Hunt Donald F
- Hurt Elaine
- Hurt Elaine
- Hurwitz Michael
- Hutchins Jeff
- Hutchins Jeff
- Hutchins Jeff
- Hwu Patrick
- Hwu Wen-Jen
- Hylander Bonnie
- Ibrahim Nageatte
- Illingworth Sam
- Infante Jeffrey
- Ioffe Ella
- Irmler Martin
- Irving Bryan A
- Irving Bryan A
- Izaki Daisuke
- Jablons David
- Jablonski Sandra
- Jackson Doreen O
- Jackson Natalie
- Jacobson Caron
- Jacques Judy
- Jaen Juan C
- Jaen Juan C
- Jahan Naznin
- Jahan Thierry
- Jaini Ritika
- Jaiswal Ashvin
- Jameson Michael B
- Jang Dadi
- Janku Filip
- Janne Pasi A
- Janssen Louise
- Jarblad-Leja Justyna
- Jeraj Robert
- Jessen Katti
- Jhawar Sachin
- Jhawar Sachin
- Jia Dan T
- Jin Ming
- Johnson Brian
- Johnson Bruce D
- Johnson Karen
- Johnson Melissa L
- Jolly Douglas
- Joly Nathalie
- Jonas Adria
- Jones Frank
- Jones Jeremy
- Jones Sian
- Joshi Bharat H
- Ju Xiaoming
- Kadenhe-Chiweshe Angela
- Kaiser Stephen
- Kalinski Pawel
- Kalinski Pawel
- Kalinski Pawel
- Kalinski Pawel
- Kallen Karl-Josef
- Kalos Michael
- Kane Lawrence P
- Kanerva Anna
- Kang Kai
- Kangas Takashi O
- Kanne David B
- Kantrowitz Joel
- Kapp Kerstin
- Kapralova Marina
- Kariolis Mihalis
- Karlsson-Parra Alex
- Karpathy Roberta
- Karpov Andrey
- Kasibhatla Shailaja
- Kasler Miklos
- Katibah George
- Katibah George
- Kaufman David R
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kauh John S
- Kavanaugh W. M
- Kavanaugh W. M
- Keam Bhumsuk
- Kern Jeffrey
- Khalil Danny N
- Khong Hiep
- Khong Hung
- Khuat Lam T
- Khuat Lam T
- Kibel Adam S
- Kidder Koby
- Kim Chul-Ho
- Kim Dong-Wan
- Kim Dongkyoon
- Kim Seulki
- Kim Seungwon
- Kim Soyeon
- Kim Tae M
- Kindler Hedy L
- Kindt Erick
- Kirk Peter
- Kirksey Yolanda
- Kitaura Kazutaka
- Kleinerman Eugenie S
- Kler Jasdeep
- Kline Justin
- Klinke David J
- Klinkhardt Ute
- Klippel Anke
- Kluger Harriet
- Knapp Alyssa
- Knudson Karin M
- Knudson Karin M
- Koch Sven D
- Kodumudi Krithika
- Kohanbash Gary
- Kohlhapp Frederick
- Kohlhapp Frederick
- Kolarkar Shalini
- Kollmeier Jens
- Komar Hannah
- Komar Hannah M
- Komarov Andrey
- Konakova Marina
- Koong Albert
- Korman Alan J
- Kornbluth Richard S
- Kortylewski Marcin
- Kortylewski Marcin
- Kosaka Yoko
- Kosoff Rachelle
- Kostarelos Kostas
- Koti Madhuri
- Kotlan Beatrix
- Koziol Marie E
- Kradjian Giorgio
- Krasovskaia Liudmila
- Kraus Manfred
- Kraynyak Kim
- Krejsa Cecile M
- Krishnan Monica
- Krishnan Suba
- Krisko John
- Kuai Rui
- Kumai Takumi
- Kumar Sushil
- Kumar Sushil
- Kumar Vikas
- Kumar Vikas
- Kung Andrew L
- Kunk Paul R
- Kuo Peiwen
- Kuppen Peter
- Kyruk Lukasz
- Laderas Ted
- Lai Venus
- Lake Andrew C
- Lamble Adam
- Lan Yan
- Lane Ryan
- Langowski John L
- Laport Ginna
- Lauer Peter
- Law Che-Leung
- Lazo Suzan
- Lazorchak Adam S
- Le Dung T
- Lee Dean
- Lee Jessica
- Lee Yu S
- Lehmann Paul
- Leidner Rom
- Leland Pamela
- Leleti Manmohan R
- Leleux Jardin
- Lemmens Edward E
- Lemmens Edward E
- Leonard John E
- Leonard John P
- Leonardo Steven
- Leong Justin L
- Leong Meredith L
- Leong Meredith L
- Lepone Lauren
- Lepone Lauren
- Leshem Jasmin
- Lesinski Gregory B
- Lesinski Gregory B
- Lesinski Gregory B
- Lessey-Morillon Elizabeth
- Letai Anthony
- Letellier Marie-Claire
- Levy Laurent
- Levy Ronald
- Lewis Whitney
- Li Jin
- Li Qiao
- Li Qiao
- Li Weiqun
- Li Wenlin
- Li Yanxia
- Li Yanyun
- Li Yanyun
- Li Zihai
- Liang Xiaoling
- Lieber Andre
- Lifke Alexander
- Lifke Valeria
- Lin Jing
- Lind Evan F
- Lindstedt Malin
- Lipson Evan
- Liszkay Gabriella
- Litton Jennifer
- Liu Bei
- Liu Biao
- Liu Cailian
- Liu Glenn
- Liu Hao
- Liu Hongtao
- Liu Linying
- Liu Matt
- Liu Shouchun
- Liu Shouchun
- Liu Shuming
- Liu Weiqun
- Liu Xiu-fen
- Liu Yuan
- Liu Zhuqing
- Liu Zhuqing
- Lo Kin-Ming
- Loibner Hans
- Long Georgina V
- Longo Dan
- Loriaux Marc
- Loskog Angelica
- Loskog Angelica
- Loskog Angelica
- Lossos Izidore S
- Lowe David
- Loya Matthew
- Lu Bo
- Lu Shanhong
- Lu Shanhong
- Lu Yan
- Lu Yan
- Lu Yan
- Ludwig Dale
- Ludwug Thomas
- Luke Jason
- Lum Lawrence G
- Lund Amanda W
- Lundberg Kristina
- Lykov Maxim
- López Fernando
- MacDonald Andrew
- MacDonald Cameron
- MacDonald Douglas
- Mace Thomas
- Mace Thomas
- Mace Thomas
- MacKinnon Andy
- MacKinnon Andy
- Maegley Karen
- Magee Michael S
- Magnani John L
- Makarov Vladimir
- Makhanov Michael
- Makhijani Neil
- Makkouk Amani
- Malaker Stacy A
- Malaker Stacy A
- Mallon Zach
- Mallow Crystal
- Malnassy Gregory
- Mandloi Nitin
- Mangin Eric
- Mangrolia Drishty
- Manguso Robert
- Manieri Nicholas
- Manning Luisa
- Manning-Bog Amy
- Manoharan Malini
- Manro Jason
- Mansfield David
- Marabelle Aurelien
- Marathi Upendra K
- Marelli Bo
- Marguier Gisele
- Marguier Gisele
- Maric Dragan
- Marillier Reece
- Marincola Francesco
- Marincola Franco M
- Marincola Franco M
- Market Robert V
- Marks Douglas
- Marron Thomas U
- Marshall Netonia
- Martin Allison
- Martins Beatriz
- Mason Sean
- Mastro Andrea
- Matsutani Takaji
- Mauceri Helena J
- Mauldin Ileana
- Maurer Matthew
- Mazzeo Christopher F
- McCafferty John
- McCaffery Ian
- McCarter Martin
- McCulley Kelsey
- McDaniel Amanda
- McDaniel Amanda
- McDaniel Amanda
- McDermott David F
- McDermott David F
- McIntosh Laura
- McKenna Jeffery M
- McNeel Douglas G
- McNeil Catriona
- McQuinn Christopher
- McWeeney Shannon
- McWhirter Sarah M
- Mediero Aranzazu
- Medina Daniel
- Meek Stephanie M
- Mehnert Janice
- Meier Roland
- Melcher Alan
- Melero Ignacio
- Melssen Marit
- Melssen Marit
- Mendoza Daniel
- Menk Ashley V
- Menk Ashley V
- Menk Ashley V
- Mennel Robert
- Mera Toshi
- Merghoub Taha
- Merghoub Taha
- Merghoub Taha
- Merghoub Taha
- Merghoub Taha
- Merrick Daniel
- Metchette Ken
- Metelli Alessandra
- Meyer Christina
- Meyers Michael L
- Milenova Ioanna
- Milenova Ioanna
- Millar David
- Miller Lance
- Miller Nichol
- Miller Peter
- Miller Richard
- Mitchell John
- Mitchell Leah
- Mitra Priyam
- Mittendorf Elizabeth A
- Moeckly Craig
- Mogundo Frances-Mary
- Mohan Aparna
- Mohr Ian
- Mohrs Markus
- Monjazeb Arta
- Moon James
- Moore Brandon
- Moore Kathleen M
- Moreira Dayson
- Morel Yannis
- Moreno Rafael
- Moreno Rafael
- Morillon Y. M
- Morris Zachary S
- Morrow Matthew
- Morse Jennifer
- Morse Michael
- Mudan Satvinder
- Mueller Sabine
- Muir Lincoln
- Mullinax John
- Mullins Stefanie
- Mulvey Matthew
- Mumm John
- Munday Anthony
- Muniz Luciana
- Munk Adiel
- Murphy Aimee L
- Murphy Aimee L
- Murphy William J
- Murphy William J
- Murray Brion
- Muthuswamy Ravi
- Muthuswamy Ravikumar
- Myers Paisley T
- Myers Paisley T
- Myers Paisley T
- Nagasaka Misako
- Nail Carmel
- Naing Aung
- Naing Aung
- Nair Nitya
- Nakamura Yusuke
- Nath Pulak R
- Nath Pulak R
- Ndubaku Chudi
- Nechaev Sergey
- Neelapu Sattva S
- Neelapu Sattva S
- Neely Jaclyn
- Nemunaitis John
- Neou Silinda
- Neubert Natalie J
- Neves Rogerio
- Newcomb Eric
- Newman Jenna
- Newman Jenna
- Ngo Lisa Y
- Nguyen Andrew
- Nguyen Ngan
- Niazi Kayvan
- Nicholas Courtney
- Nicolette Charles
- Nicolette Charles
- Nicolette Charles
- Niederfellner Gerhard
- Nielsen Michael
- Noessner Elfriede
- Normant Emmanuel
- Novosiadly Ruslan
- Nuccitelli Richard
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- Nutakki Ravi
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- Ogasawara Masahiro
- Ohr James
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- Okubo Yoshiaki
- Olasz Judit
- Olson Walter
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- Ordentlich Peter
- Ordentlich Peter
- Orecchioni Marco
- Ornatowski Wojciech
- Osada Toshihiro
- Ostrowski Michael C
- Oswald Detlef
- Ota Shuichi
- Ott Patrick A
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- O’Connor Rachel W
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- Pai Steven
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- Pall Georg
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- Pant Shubham
- Papachristofilou Alexandros
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- Papot Sébastien
- Paramithiotis Eustache
- Paris Mark
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- Park Jae-Hyun
- Park Timothy
- Parlati Francesco
- Parlati Francesco
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- Pastan Ira
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- Patel Shashank
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- Patil Ashwini
- Patnaik Amita
- Patterson Troy D
- Paul Kiran
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- Paustian Christopher
- Peace Kaitlin M
- Pei Jerry
- Pellom Samuel
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- Peltonen Karita
- Pena Rhoneil
- Penny Sarah A
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- Peoples George E
- Perez Myra
- Perna Serena
- Perry Kyle
- Persaud Krishnadatt
- Pesonen Sari
- Pesonen Sari
- Peterson Nichole
- Petit Robert
- Petricoin Emanuel
- Petroni Gina
- Petroni Gina
- Petrylak Daniel P
- Pferdekamper Anne M
- Pierobon Mariaelena
- Pike Luke
- Pilon-Thomas Shari
- Pinczewski Joel
- Pirson Romain
- Plachco Ana
- Pless Miklos
- Pollack Ian F
- Pollock Emily
- Ponichtera Holly
- Ponte Jose
- Pope Hans
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- Postow Michael
- Pottier Agnes
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- Qiu Xiaohong
- Quach Phi
- Quick Laura
- Quinn David I
- Rabizadeh Shahrooz
- Rabolli Virginie
- Radfar Arash
- Radoja Sasa
- Radvanyi Laszlo
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- Rae Chris S
- Rafail Stavros
- Rafail Stavros
- Rafat Marjan
- Rahma Osama E
- Rajopadhye Milind
- Rakhmilevich Alexander L
- Ralph Christy
- Ramachandra Murali
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- Ramalingam Suresh
- Ramchandren Radhakrishnan
- Ramos Kimberly
- Ranki Tuuli
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- Rankin Erinn
- Rao Tharak
- Rapisuwon Suthee
- Ravindranathan Roshni
- Ray Chad
- Rebhun Robert
- Redchenko Irina
- Reeves Rebecca S
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- Reilley Matthew
- Reilly Christine
- Reiter Yoram
- Rekoske Brian
- Ren Xiubao
- Rennier Keith R
- Renrick Ariana N
- Repasky Elizabeth
- Reshef Ran
- Restifo Nicholas
- Ribas Antoni
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- Richardson Jennifer H
- Richardson Jennifer H
- Ridnour Lisa
- Rimoldi Donata
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- Roelands Jessica
- Roen Diana
- Rogers Connie J
- Rose Jason
- Ross Merrick
- Rothwell William T
- Rowlinson Scott
- Ruchko Sergey
- Ruth Nicola
- Ryan Kevin
- Saeed Abu Z
- Saenger Yvonne M
- Saenger Yvonne M
- Saenger Yvonne M
- Saims Dan
- Saito Takuro
- Salata Daria
- Salazar Rachel
- Saleh Rachidi
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- Samiulla Dodheri
- Sams Lillian
- Sanborn J. Z
- Sanborn Rachel E
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- Santo Gregg E
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- Sasaki Eiji
- Saser Kate A
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- Saunthararajah Yogen
- Sausen Mark
- Savolt Akos
- Sawant Deepali
- Sayers Thomas J
- Sayers Thomas J
- Scales Stephanie
- Schad Sara
- Schaeffeler Elke
- Schaer David
- Scharping Nicole
- Scharping Nicole
- Scheel Birgit
- Schindler Ulrike
- Schindler Ulrike
- Schlom Jeffrey
- Schlom Jeffrey
- Schlom Jeffrey
- Schlom Jeffrey
- Schlunegger Kyle
- Schluns Kimberly S
- Schmidt Carl
- Schmidt Emmett
- Schmidt Manuel
- Schoenfeld Jonathan
- Schoenhals Jonathan
- Scholler Nathalie
- Scholz Alexander
- Schreiber Taylor H
- Schroeder Andreas
- Schwab Matthias
- Schwartz Anthony L
- Schwartz Anthony L
- Schwendeman Anna
- Scrivens Maria
- Sebastian Martin
- Sefrin Julian P
- Segal Neil H
- Seibel Tobias
- Senbabaoglu Yasin
- Senter Peter D
- Senzer Neil
- Serpa Gregory
- Setiady Yulius
- Sette Alessandro
- Sevdali Maria
- Sexton Holly
- Sexton Holly
- Seymour Len
- Sgarrella Francesco
- Shabanowitz Jeffrey
- Shabanowitz Jeffrey
- Shafren Darren
- Shafren Darren
- Shafren Darren
- Shakya Reena
- Shamalov Katerina
- Shanker Anil
- Shanker Anil
- Sharma Manish
- Sharma Meenu
- Sharma Naveen
- Sharma Padmanee
- Shayan Gulidanna
- Shea Sofia
- Shehade Hussein
- Sheikh Nadeem A
- Shekarian Tala
- Shepard Dale
- Sherry Lorcan
- Shi Feng
- Shi Jian
- Shih Vincent F
- Shimizu Atsushi
- Shrestha Yashaswi
- Shrivastav Shruti
- Shuman Stewart
- Shuster Alexandr
- Shwonek Peter
- Sidney John
- Siebenaler Kristen
- Silk Ann
- Silk Ann W
- Silva John
- Simmons John
- Simoes Ines
- Sims Jennifer S
- Singh Manisha
- Singson Victoria
- Singson Victoria
- Siurala Mikko
- Siurala Mikko
- Sivado Eva
- Sivan Ayelet
- Sjöberg Madeleine
- Skaletskaya Anna
- Skoble Justin
- Slansky Jill
- Slingluff Craig L
- Slingluff Craig L
- Slingluff Craig L
- Slingluff Craig L
- Slingluff Craig L
- Slomovitz Brian M
- Smith Ernest
- Smith Jill
- Smith Kelly
- Smith Kelly
- Smith Leia
- Smolkin Mark E
- Smolkin Mark E
- Smolkin Mark E
- Snook Adam E
- Snzol Mario
- Sokolove Jeremy
- Solowiej Jim
- Somanchi Srinivas
- Sondel Paul M
- Soneson Charlotte
- Song Xiao-Tong
- Sotayo Alaba
- Sotirovska Natalija
- Spada Filomena
- Speers Ellen
- Speiser Daniel E
- Spektor Alexander
- Spranger Stefani
- Spurgeon Stephen
- Squalls Olivia
- Srirangam Jay
- Srivastava Raghvendra
- Staab Mary J
- Stack Edward
- Staelens Ludovicus
- Starzynska Teresa
- Steadman Lora
- Steadman Lora
- Stefano Pierini
- Stefano Pierini
- Stefano Pierini
- Steggerda Susanne
- Stein Paul L
- Stelow Edward B
- Sternby Malin
- SternJohn Julius
- Stewart Al
- Stock Wendy
- Stone Geoffrey W
- Stosnach Claudia
- Straub Tobias
- Straus Jane
- Streiner Nicole
- Ståhle Magnus
- Su Yu-Lin
- Sudarshan Naremaddepalli
- Sugarbaker David
- Sukari Ammar
- Sultan Hussein
- Sun Shaoli
- Sundararaman Srividya
- Sung Leonard
- Suresh Rahul
- Surguladze David
- Suryawanshi Satyendra
- Suryawanshi Satyendra
- Suzuki Akiko
- Suzuki Ryuji
- Sweis Randy F
- Taback Bret
- Tagliaferri Mary
- Talbert Erin
- Tallarico John
- Tan Joanne B
- Tan Joanne B L
- Tan Wei
- Tan Yann C
- Tanaka Maki
- Tang Chad
- Tannir Nizar M
- Tannir Nizar M
- Taylor Allison
- Taylor Matthew
- Tcherepanova Irina
- ter Meulen Jan
- ter Meulen Jan
- Terabe Masaki
- Terabe Masaki
- Termini James
- Tetzlaff Michael
- Tewary Poonam
- Thakurta Anjan
- Thayer Matt
- Theodoraki Marie-Nicole
- Thimme Robert
- Thomas Portia
- Thomas Remy
- Thomas Vincent
- Thompson John A
- Thounaojam Menaka
- Thounaojam Menaka
- Thurston Gavin
- Tighe Rober
- Tilahun Ashenafi
- Tillé Laure
- Timmerman John
- Tipton Kimberly A
- Tipton Kimberly A
- Tognon Christina E
- Tomai Mark A
- Toms Anne
- Torno Sebold
- Torrey Heather
- Torti Vince
- Toth Laszlo
- Trager James B
- Trappey Alfred F
- Trivedi Sumita
- Truesdell Peter
- Tsang Kwong
- Tsang Kwong
- Tsang Kwong Y
- Tsaparikos Konstantinos
- Tsouko Efrosini
- Tsujikawa Takahiro
- Tsujikawa Takahiro
- Tsujikawa Takahiro
- Tuck David
- Tumang Joseph
- Tumang Joseph
- Turbitt William J
- Turk Andrew T
- Tyner Jeffery W
- Tähtinen Siri
- Tähtinen Siri
- Uecker Darrin
- Uecker Darrin
- Uecker Darrin
- Ugel Stefano
- Ugel Stefano
- Uhlik Mark
- Ujhelyi Mihaly
- Ullenhag Gustav
- Unfricht Darryn
- Ungerleider Richard
- Urban Julie
- Urban Julie
- Valsesia-Wittmann Sandrine
- Valsesia-Wittmann Sandrine
- Van der Meijs Pien
- van Vugt Marianne
- van Zutphen Mariëlle
- Vanamee Eva
- Vanderslice Peter
- VanderVeen Laurie
- Vanpouille-Box Claire I
- VanVlasselaer Peter
- Varhegyi Nikole
- Vasilakos John P
- Vaske Charles
- Vassilev Lotta
- Velcheti Vamsidhar
- Velculescu Victor
- Verma Amita
- Verma Amita
- Vetto John
- Vianden Christina
- Vietsch Eveline E
- Vignali Dario
- Vignali Dario
- Vogel Katharina
- Volkmuth Wayne
- Volz Barbara
- vonEbyen Rie
- Vreeland Timothy J
- Vu Tuyen
- Wada Hiroshi
- Wagtmann Nicolai
- Waldman Michelle
- Waldman Scott A
- Waller John
- Wallraven Gladice
- Walsh Richard
- Walters Ian B
- Wang Ena
- Wang Ena
- Wang Hongjie
- Wang Ping
- Wang Shangzi
- Wang Weiyi
- Wang Ximi K
- Wang Yi
- Wang Ziming
- Ward Stephen T
- Waugh Katherine
- Weber Amy
- Wehler Thomas
- Wei Spencer
- Weichselbaum Ralph R
- Weiner David
- Weiner Louis M
- Weinstein Gregory
- Weiss Christian
- Welden Scott
- Wellstein Anton
- Welsh James
- Wennerberg Erik
- Wenthe Jessica
- Wenthe Jessica
- Werner Lauryn R
- West Brian
- West James
- West James
- Wheatley Courtney
- Whetstone Ryan
- Whetstone Ryan
- White James
- White-Stern Ashley
- Whiteside Melinda
- Whiting Chan C
- Whiting Chan C
- Wicha Max S
- Wicha Max S
- Wieckowski Eva
- Wijeratne Kithsiri
- Wilhite Tyler
- Wilkinson Robert W
- Wilkinson Robert W
- Williams Matthew
- Williamson Kevin
- Willingham Stephen
- Wilson James M
- Wilson Nicholas
- Winters Kevin
- Withers Sita
- Wittig Burghardt
- Wolchok Jedd D
- Wolchok Jedd D
- Wolchok Jedd D
- Wolchok Jedd D
- Wolchok Jedd D
- Wolfreys Alison
- Won Haejung
- Wong Chihunt
- Wong Chihunt
- Wong Deborah J
- Wong Gabriel
- Wong Kenneth R
- Wong Kenneth R
- Wong Michael K
- Wood Laura
- Woodside Darren G
- Workman Creg
- Wu Bill X
- Wu Dongyun
- Wu Jennifer
- Wu Yeting
- Wyant Timothy
- Wythes Martin
- Xi Biao
- Xia Leiming
- Xia Yang
- Xia Yang
- Xiang Bo
- Xiao Christine
- Xiao Hong
- Xiao Zhilan
- Xu Chun-wei
- Xu Chunxiao
- Xu Guifen
- Xu Xiaomei
- Xu Xin
- Xu Ya-Ming
- Xu Yitong
- Yadav Mahesh
- Yagiz Kader
- Yamashiro Darrell J
- Yan Jian
- Yang Chou
- Yang Ning
- Yang Zane
- Yano Hiroshi
- Yao Shiyin
- Ye Yun-bin
- Yin Catherine
- Ylösmäki Erkko
- Ylösmäki Erkko
- Young Gregory
- Young Gregory
- Young Kristina
- Young Rob
- Young Steve W
- Young Steve W
- Youssoufian Hagop
- Yu Huakui
- Yu Ling
- Yu Naichen
- Zafar Sadia
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zappasodi Roberta
- Zappasodi Roberta
- Zauderer Maurice
- Zeh Herbert
- Zelenetz Andrew D
- Zeng Weiping
- Zeng Xue
- Zha Yuanyuan
- Zhang Danhui
- Zhang Jing
- Zhang Ping
- Zhang Qifang
- Zhang Shannon S
- Zhang Theresa
- Zhang Winter
- Zhang Yanping
- Zhao Fei
- Zhao Leyna
- Zhao Xingli
- Zheng Lianxing
- Zheng Wenxin
- Zheng Xianxian
- Zheng Yi
- Zhong Hong
- Zhou Li
- Zhou Xiangjun
- Zippelius Alfred
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zou Jun
- Zuba-Surma Ewa
- Zubkova Olga
- Zureikat Amer
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
Background
The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd.
Methods
We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background.
Results
First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival
Sleep Across Chemotherapy Treatment: A Growing Concern for Women Older Than 50 With Breast Cancer
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Oncology Nursing Society (ONS)'
- Publication date
- 01/07/2010
- Field of study
Purpose/Objectives: To conduct a metasynthesis of human sleep studies that included women aged 50 years and older with breast cancer across chemotherapy treatment. Data Sources: English publications were searched with the terms sleep and breast cancer via Ovid, PubMed, and EBSCO-host databases. Human studies that used sleep-specific instruments published from January 1974-May 2009 were included. Intervention studies also were included if they provided baseline sleep data. Studies that used quality-of-life or symptom instruments or in which patients were prescreened for insomnia were not included. Data Synthesis: 382 publications were found; 17 met inclusion criteria, and 3 additional studies were located from the literature on fatigue. Two articles reported on the same study, so a total of 19 studies were included in the review. In women with nonmetastatic breast cancer, subjective and objective sleep quality appear to be poor and nocturnal awakenings frequent across chemotherapy treatment. Daytime sleepiness increases in the active phase of chemotherapy, and insomnia symptoms are common before and following chemotherapy treatment. In women with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, difficulty falling asleep, nocturnal awakenings, difficulty awakening, and daytime sleepiness are problematic at different points in chemotherapy treatment. Conclusions: Sleep for women, including those older than 50 years, appears to be impaired across chemotherapy treatment, although replication of findings is very limited. Implications for Nursing: Future research should investigate sleep in specific age and minority groups, include daytime sleep and sleepiness, and use standard sleep nomenclature and objective measures
Animal Dignity and the Law: Potential, Problems and Possible Implications
- Author
- Alasdair Cochrane
- Alasdair Cochrane
- Ann Hartwell Britton
- Anne Lansink
- Beat Sitter-Liver
- Ben Mepham
- Bernard E Rollin
- Bernice Bovenkerk
- Bruno Latour
- Cary Wolfe
- Cary Wolfe
- Cass R Sunstein
- CB Bevilaqua
- Charline De Coster
- Charvi Kumar
- Christopher D Stone
- Christopher D Stone
- Claudia E Haupt
- David Bilchitz
- David Favre
- David J Mellor
- David R Schmahmann
- Diane Sullivan
- Donna Haraway
- Dunja Jaber
- Elisa Aaltola
- Elizabeth Loder Reed
- Elizabeth Paek
- Eric Dirix
- Erin Evans
- Falco de Arz
- Federico Zuolo
- Frans W A Brom
- Frans W A Brom
- Frans WA Brom
- Gary Francione
- Gary Francione
- Gary Francione
- Gary Francione
- Gavrell Ortiz
- Gieri Bolliger
- Giorgio Agamben
- Gruen Lori
- Harper Kyle
- Heidi Stroh
- Henk Verhoog
- Holmes Rolston
- Hoppe Katharina
- Ian J Campbell
- Immanuel Kant
- Irus Braverman
- Irus Braverman
- Irus Braverman
- Irus Braverman
- J Van de Voorde
- Jacques Swart
- James Rachels
- Jamie Lorimer
- Jamie Murray
- Jane Kotzmann
- Jedediah Purdy
- Jelle Eric Jansen
- Jes Lynning Harfeld
- Jessica Eisen
- Jessica Eisen
- John Hadley
- John Hadley
- Kate Nattrass
- Katharine Swanson
- Klaus Peter Rippe
- Kristen Stuber Snyder
- Maneesha Deckha
- Maneesha Deckha
- Marcet Rius
- Margot Michel
- Margot Michel
- Marita Giménez-Candela
- Martha C Nussbaum
- Martha C Nussbaum
- Martha C Nussbaum
- Mary Neal
- Matthew Calarco
- Michael Chrisman
- Michael Hutchins
- Michael Meyer
- Paul Formosa
- Peter Schaber
- Philipp Balzer
- Piers Beirne
- Rebekah Humphreys
- Richard A Posner
- Richard L Cupp
- Robert Garner
- Robert Heeger
- Ruth Macklin
- Sabine Lennkh
- Samuel Camenzind
- Stefanie Schindler
- Sue Donaldson
- Susan J Hankin
- Suzanne Laba Cataldi
- Taimie L Bryant
- Taimie L Bryant
- Thomas G Kelch
- Tom Regan
- Tom Regan
- Tony Bogdanoski
- Visa Kurki
- Vito De Lucia
- Warwick Fox
- Werner Scholtz
- Will Kymlicka
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Recent Literature on Discovery History
- Author
- Abulafia David
- Adams Edward
- Amundsen Roald
- Atiyah Jeremy
- Attenborough David
- Atwood Kay
- Bachler Louise Garfield
- Bailey John
- Barber Terry
- Barczewski Stephanie L
- Barr William
- Baughman T. H
- Beaglehole J. C
- Belyea Barbara
- Betz Richard L
- Blevins Tim
- Bond Stephen
- Borge Francisco J
- Bown Stephen R
- Boyle David
- Brooks Noah
- Brown Nancy Marie
- Browning Peter
- Bryant Nichols A.
- Byrne Brian
- Carvajal Micael de
- Chartier Daniel
- Cherry-Garrard Apsley
- Chiasson Paul
- Clode Danielle
- Coleman E. C
- Conzen Michael P
- Cooper Jack Kyle
- Covey Cyclone
- Crane David
- Cutting Robert
- Darkin John
- Davis Graeme
- Dickson Peter W
- Dunmore John
- Ell Gordon
- Errington Elizabeth
- Fischer David Hackett
- Flannery Timothy F
- Flint Richard
- Forbes Jack D
- Fraser Simon
- Games Alison
- Gaudio Michael
- Gough Barry M
- Gregory Denis
- Griffiths Tom
- Guadalupi Gianni
- Gómez Wey
- Haddelsey Stephen
- Harries Patrick
- Harrisse Henry
- Harrowfield David L
- Haun Beverley
- Hayes Derek
- Hearne Samuel
- Henson Matthew Alexander
- Heuvel Lisa L
- Horsman Reginald
- Horwitz Tony
- Howitt A. W
- Hunter Douglas
- Hutchins John M
- Inglis Robin
- Johnson Christine R
- Johnson Donald S
- Kunz Keneva
- Le Vaillant Francois
- Leland Charles Godfrey
- Litalien Raymonde
- Livi Bacci Massimo
- Lutz John Sutton
- Luukkonen Larry
- Macinnis Peter
- Martin Geoffrey Lee
- McGoogan Ken
- McLaren Alfred Scott
- Michael Francis J.
- Miklukho-Maldai Nikolai Nikolaevich
- Miller Robert J
- Moulin Pierre
- Mouser Bruce L
- Mulvaney Derek John
- Myers Kathleen Ann
- Nansen Fridtjof
- Nasht Simon
- Neider Susan M
- Ober Frederick A
- Ortega Iglesias
- Pennington Rochelle
- Peron Francois
- Peron Francois
- Peyser Joseph L
- Phillip Arthur
- Pike Zebulon Montgomery
- Potter Russell A
- Pritchard R. E
- Quaintana Manuel Jose
- Rabassa Jorge
- Raleigh Walter Sir
- Raynal abbe
- Resendez Andres
- Robertson Heather
- Rodgers Elizabeth
- Rowley Graham
- Sandler Corey
- Schwartz Seymour I
- Scott Jonathan
- Scott Robert
- Shackleton Ernest Henry
- Skirbst Henry F
- Smith Beverly
- Smith John
- Summitt April R
- Tabbernee William
- Teltscher Kate
- Thompson David
- Thompson Gaze
- Thompson Peter Alexander
- Tobin George
- Tovell Freeman
- Trickett Peter
- Tubbs Stephenie Ambrose
- Twigger Robert
- Vespucci Amerigo
- Viles Donald M
- Viles Donald M
- Waldseemiiller Martin
- West Russell
- Wuttke Dieter
- Publication venue
- 'Maney Publishing'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- A. Lina Rosengren
- Abram Burgher
- Adam B. Brosz
- Adam Rosen
- Adam Schwartz
- Adriana Sordo Duran
- Adrienna Marquez
- Adrienne E. Shapiro
- Aeiress Duhart
- Afsoon Roberts
- Albert Liu
- Alejandro Hoberman
- Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández
- Alex Greninger
- Alexander Clark
- Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides
- Alice McGarry
- Alicia Arrazcaeta
- Alisha Lutat
- Alison Bondell
- Alison Pellecchia
- Allie Oplinger
- Allison Green
- Allison O'Brien
- Alpa Patel
- Alyssa-Kay Peay
- Amanda Horn
- Amanda Lilienthal
- Amanda Occhino
- Amanda Philyaw
- Amaran Moodley
- Amber Grant
- Amber Stanford
- Amesika Nyaku
- Amie Shannon
- Amina Z. Haggag
- Amit Paliwal
- Amy Caldwell
- Amy Chamberlain
- Amy Dye
- Amy Falk
- Amy Kelley
- Amy Medina
- Amy Potts
- Amy Salzl
- Amy Sherman
- Amy Starr
- Amy Thompson
- Andrea Berry
- Andrea Clement
- Andrea Wendrow
- Andrea Zimmer
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- Winston Cavert
- Xiaomi Tong
- Yaa D. Oppong
- Yi H. Wu
- Ying Huang
- Yogesh K. Paliwal
- Youyi Fong
- Yunda Huang
- Yunda Huang
- Yvonne Davis
- Zachary Bittner
- Zainab Rizvi
- Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa
- Zudi-Mwak Takizala
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health
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Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- Abad Vanessa
- Abate Getahun
- Abbas Anum
- Ackerman Jamie
- Ackerman Ronald
- Ackermann Jeremy
- Adams Atoya
- Adams Mark S.
- Adams Michael R.
- Adelglass Jeffrey
- Afework Sarah
- Ahmad Nina
- Akamine Christine
- Ake Julie A.
- Al-Ibrahim Mohamed S.
- Albert Gary
- Alcaide Maria L.
- Alderson Nathan
- Aleman Lily
- Alemán José O.
- Allaw Mohammed
- Alva E. Javier Pretell
- Alvarado Hilario
- Amador Carmen
- Andersen James
- Anderson Corey G.
- Anderson Evan J.
- Anderson Victoria R.
- Andes David R.
- Andrasik Michele P.
- Andree Stephanie
- Andrews Jeb
- Andriesen Jessica G.
- Andriulis Victoria
- Ansel Jessica L.
- Anthony Codi M.
- Antwi Mohammed
- Arduino Roberto C.
- Aristy Florida
- Arnold Valerie K.
- Arrazcaeta Alicia
- Atmar Robert L.
- Avworo Ayoade
- Bacher Christina
- Baden Lindsey R.
- Badillo Diana
- Bainbridge Emma
- Baka Michele
- Baker Sherrie
- Balani Bindu
- Ball Brandy
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- Baron Mira
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- Bartilucci Darlene
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- Batteiger Teresa A.
- Baudelaire Clarisse
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- Sweet Christy
- Swieboda Elisa
- Syndergaard Scott N.
- Takizala Zudi-Mwak
- Takuva Simbarashe G.
- Talaat Kawsar R.
- Tan Chen S.
- Tapia Milagritos
- Tarakjian Denis
- Tashima Karen
- Tatelbaum David
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- Viens Nicholas A.
- Villegas Marysol
- Vingerhoets Johan
- Vogler Mary
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- Vrbicky Keith W.
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- Wakefield Paul H.
- Wald Anna
- Walker James
- Walker Shannon
- Walsh Edward E.
- Walsh Mary C.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walsh Stephen R.
- Walter Emmanuel B.
- Walters Ayanna
- Wang Tina
- Warden Ashley
- Waters Michael
- Watkins Breanz
- Webb Angella
- Webster Hala
- Weidler Jessica L.
- Weiss Thomas
- Wells Margaret
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendrow Andrea
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- Whatley Jordan L.
- Whitaker Jennifer A.
- White Jewel J.
- White Julie
- White Toni
- Wijewardane Priyantha N.
- Wilkin Timothy
- Wilkinson Bethanie
- William S. Davis Jr
- Williams Barton G.
- Williams Hayes
- Williams Samantha
- Wilson Christine
- Wilson Clint
- Wilson Greg
- Wilson Natasha
- Winbigler Jennifer
- Winkle Peter J.
- Winokur Patricia L.
- Witbeck John
- Wohl David
- Woo Wayne
- Woodside Leana
- Wortman Glenn
- Wu Yi H.
- Wylie Paul E.
- Yang Fan
- Yang Kinara S.
- Yoon Anelgine C.
- York Jill
- Young Cheryl
- Yu Chenchen
- Yusin Joseph
- Zapata Luz
- Zash Rebecca
- Zegarra Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena
- Zemanek Arthur L.
- Zenlea Kate
- Zepeda Karla
- Zervos Marcus J.
- Zhai Nan
- Zhang Kevin
- Zhou James
- Zimmer Andrea
- Zingman Barry S.
- Zorrilla Carmen D.
- Áñez Germán
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health
Recommended from our members
31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part two: National Harbor, MD, USA. 9-13 November 2016
- Author
- Abassi Yama
- Abelin Jennifer G.
- Abolhalaj Milad
- Abraham Tara S.
- Adam Ammar
- Adams David
- Adams Homer
- Adams Sarah F.
- Adamus Tomasz
- Addepalli Murali
- Adjei Alex A.
- Agapova Larissa
- Agarwala Sanjiv
- Ager Casey
- Aggarwal Charu
- Agnello Giulia
- Agudo Judith
- Aguilar Ethan G.
- Aguilera Todd
- Ahamadi Malidi
- Ahn Yong-Oon
- Ahrens Eric T.
- Aizer Ayal
- Ajina Reham
- Akerley Wallace
- Al-Muftah Mariam
- Albershardt Tina C.
- Albrekt Ann-Sofie
- Alekar Shilpa
- Alemany Ramon
- Alexander Brian
- Allbritton Omaira
- Allen Clint T.
- Alley Evan W.
- Allison James
- Alston Tesha
- Alt Jürgen
- Alters Susan
- Amatulli Michael
- Anand Snjezana
- Anderson Clark
- Anderson Mark
- Andersson Bengt
- Andre Pascale
- Andtbacka Robert H. I.
- Angiuoli Sam
- Ansari Tameem
- Anthony Scott
- Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
- Antonia Scott J.
- Anwar Firoz
- Aquino-Michaels Keston
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- Armand Philippe
- Armenta Paul
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- Xiao Zhilan
- Xu Chun-wei
- Xu Chunxiao
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- Xu Xiaomei
- Xu Xin
- Xu Ya-Ming
- Xu Yitong
- Yadav Mahesh
- Yagiz Kader
- Yamashiro Darrell J.
- Yan Jian
- Yang Chou
- Yang Ning
- Yang Zane
- Yano Hiroshi
- Yao Shiyin
- Ye Yun-bin
- Yin Catherine
- Ylösmäki Erkko
- Young Gregory
- Young Kristina
- Young Rob
- Young Steve W.
- Youssoufian Hagop
- Yu Huakui
- Yu Ling
- Yu Naichen
- Zafar Sadia
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zappasodi Roberta
- Zauderer Maurice
- Zeh Herbert
- Zelenetz Andrew D.
- Zeng Weiping
- Zeng Xue
- Zha Yuanyuan
- Zhang Danhui
- Zhang Jing
- Zhang Ping
- Zhang Qifang
- Zhang Shannon S.
- Zhang Theresa
- Zhang Winter
- Zhang Yanping
- Zhao Fei
- Zhao Leyna
- Zhao Xingli
- Zheng Lianxing
- Zheng Wenxin
- Zheng Xianxian
- Zheng Yi
- Zhong Hong
- Zhou Li
- Zhou Xiangjun
- Zippelius Alfred
- Zloza Andrew
- Zou Jun
- Zuba-Surma Ewa
- Zubkova Olga
- Zureikat Amer
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 03/01/2017
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdelhaq Rami
- Abhinav Diwan
- Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
- Adalberto Merighi
- Adi Kimchi
- Adrian L. Harris
- Agnieszka Sirko
- Ahlberg J
- Ai Yamamoto
- Aimable Nahimana
- Aimee L. Edinger
- Aimin Wang
- Akiko Iwasaki
- Akio Kihara
- Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Aksam EB
- Alan Cheng
- Albert R. La Spada
- Alberto Jiménez
- Alec C. Kimmelman
- Ales Gregorc
- Alessandro Fanzani
- Alexander J. Whitworth
- Alexandra N. Giatromanolaki
- Alexandru Almasan
- Alexei Degterev
- Alexei Terman
- Alfred J. Meijer
- Alicia Meléndez
- Alison Simmons
- Allan B. Caplan
- Allan Tsung
- Allen Kaasik
- Alvin J.X. Lee
- Amal O. Amer
- Amber N. Hale
- Ameeta Kelekar
- Amy A. Kiger
- Ana Brennand
- Ana Coto-Montes
- Ana Maria Cuervo
- Ana Milojkovic
- Anas Younes
- Anastasis Stephanou
- Anders H. Lund
- Andrea Ballabio
- Andreas Brech
- Andreas Mayer
- Andreas S. Reichert
- Andreas Wyttenbach
- Andrei L. Gartel
- Andrew J. Halayko
- Andrew Lieberman
- Andrew Thorburn
- Andriy A. Sibirny
- Andriy Nemchenko
- Angelika A. Noegel
- Angelo De Milito
- Angelo Poletti
- Anil K. Sood
- Anil Prasad
- Ann Progulske-Fox
- Anna Katharina Simon
- Anna M. Giammarioli
- Anna M. Krichevsky
- Anna Nogalska
- Anna S. Gukovskaya
- Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Anne Simonsen
- Annie M. Joubert
- Anthony H.V. Schapira
- Anthony M.J. Sanchez
- Antoinette Lemoine
- Antonio Musarò
- Antonio Piras
- Antonio Zorzano
- Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- Arthi Kanthasamy
- Ashok Kumar
- Assaf Rudich
- Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Atsuo Amano
- Attila L. Kovács
- Audrey Esclatine
- Augustine M.K. Choi
- Ausra Sasnauskiene
- Aviva M. Tolkovsky
- Baharia Mograbi
- Bakhos A. Tannous
- Barry Ganetzky
- Bassam Janji
- Beat C. Bornhauser
- Beat Nyfeler
- Beata Sikorska
- Behzad Yeganeh
- Ben A. Bahr
- Ben C.B. Ko
- Benjamin Dehay
- Benjamin Loos
- Berger B
- Bertrand Joseph
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Beth Levine
- BethAnn McLaughlin
- Biederbick A
- Binfeng Lu
- Bingren Hu
- Bingwei Lu
- Biolo G
- Birmingham CL
- Birmingham CL
- Björn Stork
- Bjørkøy G
- Bo Liu
- Bo Lu
- Boon-Huat Bay
- Boris Turk
- Boris Zhivotovsky
- Bradly G. Wouters
- Brian Herman
- Brian P. Rubin
- Brian Zuckerbraun
- Brigitte Galliot
- Brinda Ravikumar
- Brown CR
- Bruce A. Bamber
- Bruce H. Reed
- Bruno Calabretta
- Bryan Bellaire
- Bulent Ozpolat
- Byung-Wan Lee
- Bärbel Rohrer
- Bélanger M
- Cam Patterson
- Camilla Palumbo
- Camille Martinand-Mari
- Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Canhua Huang
- Cantino D
- Carine Michiels
- Carl G. Feng
- Carlos López-Otín
- Carlos S. Subauste
- Carmine Settembre
- Carol A. Mercer
- Carole Kretz-Remy
- Caroline A. Whitehouse
- Catherine McDermott
- Cathleen R. Carlin
- Cathy Tournier
- Caty Casas
- Chan EY
- Chang Hwa Jung
- Changlian Zhu
- Chanhee Kang
- Chao-Yu Miao
- Charbel E.-H. Moussa
- Charleen T. Chu
- Charles Grose
- Charles L. Edelstein
- Charles Swanton
- Chee-Yin Chai
- Chenghan Wu
- Chenguang Wang
- Chengyu Liang
- Cheol O. Joe
- Cheol-Heui Yun
- Chera S
- Cheryl L. Walker
- Chi Hin Cho
- Chi-Ming Che
- Chia-Yi Kuan
- Chiara Di Pietro
- Chien-an A. Hu
- Chihiro Sasakawa
- Ching-Chow Chen
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Christian Behl
- Christian Behrends
- Christian G. Meyer
- Christian Münz
- Christian Poüs
- Christian Sell
- Christine McDonald
- Christoph Schüller
- Christopher H.K. Cheng
- Christopher J. Rhodes
- Christopher R. McMaster
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- Chun-Nam Lok
- Chwen-Ming Shih
- Ciechomska IA
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- Cinthya Sternberg
- Ciro Isidoro
- Clarissa von Haefen
- Clark W. Distelhorst
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- Claudine Kraft
- Claudio Brancolini
- Claudio D. Gonzalez
- Claudio Hetz
- Claudio Schneider
- Claus Kerkhoff
- Clelia Miracco
- Clinton R. Bartholomew
- Colombo MI
- Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Congcong He
- Conrad C. Weihl
- Corey Nislow
- Cornelis A.M. de Haan
- Craig B. Thompson
- Craig M. Walsh
- Cristiano Simone
- Cristina González-Estévez
- Cuervo AM
- Cécile Vindis
- Céline Gongora
- Da-zhi Xu
- Dagda RK
- Dalibor Mijaljica
- Daniel E. Johnson
- Daniel F. Schorderet
- Daniel H. Fowler
- Daniel J. Klionsky
- Daniel J. Ledbetter
- Daniel M. Béchet
- Daniela Marazziti
- Dao-Cheng Wu
- Daolin Tang
- Daotai Nie
- Dave Bridges
- David A. Gewirtz
- David A. Hood
- David A. Leib
- David A. Sinclair
- David C. Chan
- David C. Rubinsztein
- David H. Kessel
- David H. Perlmutter
- David J. McConkey
- David K. Ann
- David L. Boone
- David M. Sabatini
- David S. Askew
- David Sulzer
- David Zacks
- Davide Malagoli
- Dawei Wang
- Debasish Sinha
- Denne SC
- Dennis E. Bulman
- Deok Ryong Kim
- Derek P. Narendra
- Derick G. Wansink
- Devrim Gozuacik
- Diane C. Bassham
- Diane C. Fingar
- Diane E. Merry
- Diane M. Ward
- Dieter Willbold
- Dimitri Krainc
- Dina Lev
- Dingzhong Tang
- Divaker Choubey
- Do-Hyung Kim
- Dong-Hou Kim
- Dong-Hyung Cho
- Dongsheng Cai
- Donna Denton
- DooSeok Choi
- Dubuisson JF
- Dun-Sheng Yang
- Duncan R. Smith
- Duska Separovic
- Ebru Goncu
- Edmond Y. Chan
- Edmund B. Rucker
- Eduardo Cebollero
- Eduardo Couve
- Edward A. Fisher
- Edward A. Fon
- Edward T.W. Bampton
- Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- Efrat Levy
- Efthimios Sivridis
- Eiichiro Nagata
- Eiki Kominami
- Eitan Shaulian
- Elaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin
- Elaine Silva-Zacarin
- Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Eleonora Candi
- Elizabeth P. Henske
- Elizabeth Yang
- Elizete Rizzo
- Emery H. Bresnick
- Emil Rudolf
- Enza Maria Valente
- Eric Chevet
- Eric H. Baehrecke
- Eric J. Brown
- Eriko Fujita
- Erwin Knecht
- Eskelinen E-L
- Eui-Bae Jeung
- Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Eva C. Vaquero
- Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- Evelina Gatti
- Ewout J. Houwerzijl
- F. Javier Oliver
- Fabio C. Abdalla
- Fabrizio Condorelli
- Faith E. Davies
- Fan Wang
- Faqiang Li
- Farkas T
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Federica Sotgia
- Felix Randow
- Fen Wang
- Fen-Biao Gao
- Feng Han
- FengFeng Tian
- Fernando Macian
- Filomena Fiorito
- Fimia GM
- Fiona M. Menzies
- Francesca Bernassola
- Francesca Demarchi
- Francesca Rovetta
- Francesco Cecconi
- Francesco Fornai
- Francis V. Chisari
- Franco Fortunato
- Frank A. Sinicrope
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- Frank Lafont
- Frank Madeo
- Fraser P. Coxon
- Fréderic Luciano
- Frédéric Bost
- Frédéric Gros
- Fu-Cheng Lin
- Fujii S
- Fukagawa NK
- Fulvio Reggiori
- Fumihiko Takeshita
- G. Angus McQuibban
- Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Gabriella Marfe
- Gail V.W. Johnson
- Galliot B
- Gang Min Hur
- Garber AJ
- Gary D. Grant
- Gary K. Ostrander
- Gary K. Schwartz
- Geert Bultynck
- Gengfu Xiao
- Genzou Takemura
- Georg Ramm
- George F. Gao
- George Perry
- George R. Jackson
- Gerald M. McInerney
- Gerry Melino
- Ghasem Hoseini Salekdeh
- Giampietro Viola
- Gian Maria Fimia
- Gianluca Tettamanti
- Gilbert Di Paolo
- Giorgio Casari
- Giovanna Elvira Granato
- Giulia Baldini
- Giuseppe Arancia
- Giusti C
- Glauco Tocchini-Valentini
- Glen E. Palmer
- Glenn Randall
- Godefridus J. Peters
- Goncu E
- Goran Petrovski
- Gordon C. Shore
- Gordon PB
- Gordon PB
- Gosai SJ
- Graham H. Coombs
- Graham S. Taylor
- Greet Van den Berghe
- Gregory A. Taylor
- Guan J
- Guang-Chao Chen
- Guanghui Wang
- Gudmundur V. Helgason
- Guido Kroemer
- Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Guillermo Mariño
- Guillermo Velasco
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- Gur P. Kaushal
- Gustavo Egea
- Guy Salvesen
- Gyesoon Yoon
- Gyun Min Lee
- György Szabadkai
- Gábor Juhász
- Gábor Juhász
- Gérard Pierron
- Gökhan S. Hotamisligil
- H. Peter Rodemann
- Hagai Abeliovich
- Haichao Wang
- Han-Jung Chae
- Han-Ming Shen
- Hannah Rabinowich
- Hans-Uwe Simon
- Hany Khalil
- Harald Stenmark
- Harm H. Kampinga
- Haruo Kanno
- Hassan Chaachouay
- Hee Jeong Kong
- Heesun Cheong
- Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Helmut Krämer
- Henri Batoko
- Henri Bernardi
- Henry N. Ginsberg
- Herbert J. Zeh III
- Hermann M. Schätzl
- Hernan Roca
- Hesham M. Al-Younes
- Hilary A. Coller
- Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Hiroshi Aoki
- Hiroshi Koga
- Hiroshi Sakagami
- Hirotaka Watada
- Hiroyasu Nakano
- Hiroyuki Ishida
- Hirsimäki Y
- Hisashi Ashida
- Hisashi Harada
- Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Ho Jeong Kwon
- Ho Jin You
- Hong Jiang
- Hong Zhang
- Hong-Gang Wang
- Hong-Ming Hu
- Hongchi Jiang
- Horng-Dar Wang
- Howard S. Fox
- Hsing-Jien Kung
- Huan-Yao Lei
- Hui-Ling Chiang
- Hui-Ling Zhang
- Huizhou Fan
- Hutchins MU
- Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Hyung Jun Ahn
- Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Hyunjung J. Lim
- Häussinger D
- Ian G. Ganley
- Iban Seiliez
- Ichizo Nishino
- Ida J. van der Klei
- Ida Perrotta
- Igor B. Roninson
- Ilse Vanhorebeek
- Ilya Gukovsky
- Indira Mysorekar
- Ingrid Bhatia-Kissova
- Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Ioannis Bossis
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Ioannis P. Nezis
- Ira Tabas
- Irena Manov
- Irfan Rahman
- Irmgard Paris
- Irving M. Shapiro
- Iryna Monastyrska
- Isabelle Beau
- Isabelle Coppens
- Isabelle Dugail
- Isei Tanida
- Issidora Papassideri
- Ivan Dikic
- Ivana Novak
- Iwai-Kanai E
- J. Lindsay Whitton
- J. Paul Taylor
- J. Wade Harper
- Jacques Landry
- Jae-Ho Cheong
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Jae-Young Koh
- Jakub Golab
- James B. Hurley
- James H. Shelhamer
- James Harris
- James J. Dowling
- James M. Cregg
- James M. Phang
- Jan A.K.W. Kiel
- Jan B. Parys
- Jan C. Koch
- Jan Gunst
- Janice S. Blum
- Jason E. Gestwicki
- Jason S. King
- Javier A. Menendez
- Javier Alegre-Abarrategui
- Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Javier Diaz-Nido
- Jay E. Brenman
- Jayanta Debnath
- Jean Celli
- Jean X. Jiang
- Jean-Claude Farre
- Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Jeff P. MacKeigan
- Jeffrey A. Haspel
- Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Jeffrey Robbins
- Jekaterina Erenpreisa
- Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
- Jennifer S. Carew
- Jenny Campos-Salinas
- Jeong Hun Kim
- Jeremy C. Mottram
- Jia Fan
- Jia-Jing Yin
- Jian Feng
- Jian Lin
- Jiandie D. Lin
- Jianhua Zhang
- Jianxin Peng
- Jianzhen Xu
- Jiaren Sun
- Jiefei Geng
- Jin Cheon Kim
- Jin Wang
- Jin-Ming Yang
- Jing-hsiung James Ou
- Jing-Pu Zhang
- Jinming Gao
- Jiyang Cai
- Joan S. Steffan
- Jocelyn F. Laporte
- Jochen Klucken
- Jochen Walter
- John C. Reed
- John F. de Groot
- John H. Brumell
- John H. Kehrl
- John J. Lemasters
- John J. Reiners Jr.
- John J. Shacka
- John K. Kim
- John M. Pawelek
- John P. Aris
- John Tower
- John W. Wiley
- Jomain-Baum M
- Jon D. Lane
- Jonathan P. Butchar
- Jong Bok Seo
- Jongdae Lee
- Jorge Moscat
- Joseph A. Hill
- Joseph J. Cullen
- Joseph J.Y. Sung
- José A. Sánchez-Alcázar
- José L. Crespo
- José L. Revuelta
- José Leiro
- José M. Fuentes
- José Miguel Vicencio
- Josée N. Lavoie
- Ju Huang
- Ju-Hong Jeon
- Ju-hyun lee
- Juan B. Kouri Flores
- Juan Fueyo
- Juan L. Iovanna
- Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Julien Puyal
- Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso
- Jun Fujii
- Jun Ren
- Jun-Lin Guan
- Jun-Lin Li
- Jun-Ying Miao
- Jung Jin Hwang
- Junichi Sadoshima
- Junsoo Park
- Jörg Höhfeld
- Jörn Dengjel
- Jürgen Zschocke
- Kah-Leong Lim
- Kai Er Eng
- Kai Kaarniranta
- Kai Mao
- Kaio Kitazato
- Kaiyu Liu
- Kaoru Takegawa
- Karen E. Duff
- Karim MR
- Karin Przyklenk
- Karin Thevissen
- Karina R. Bortoluci
- Karl Münger
- Kasper M.A. Rouschop
- Katarina Kågedal
- Katherine R. Parzych
- Katie Marchbank
- Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Katsuhiko Kitamoto
- Kay F. Macleod
- Kazuhiro Nagata
- Ke Wang
- Keiji Tanaka
- Keiji Wada
- Keisuke Miyazawa
- Keisuke Obara
- Ken Cadwell
- Ken Inoki
- Ken Sato
- Ken-ichi Isobe
- Kenichi Shibuya
- Ketteler R
- Kevin M. Ryan
- Kevin Moreau
- Kevin S.W. Tan
- Khong Bee Kang
- Khosrow Adeli
- Kiichi Nakahira
- Kim A. Heidenreich
- Kim D. Finley
- Kim N. Green
- Kimura S
- Kinya Otsu
- Kirill Rosen
- Klaus Ruckdeschel
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Kohki Yoshimoto
- Koji Okamoto
- Komatsu M
- Kominami E
- Konstantinos Ritis
- Kovács AL
- Kovács AL
- Kovács AL
- Kovács J
- Kovács J
- Kovács J
- Kozo Fujisaki
- Kozo Tanaka
- Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Kui Lin
- Kuma A
- Kun-Liang Guan
- Kuninori Suzuki
- Kwang Il Kang
- Kyeong Sook Choi
- Kyu Lim
- Lai-King Sy
- Lajos László
- Lance S. Terada
- Lars Tönges
- Laura Berliocchi
- Laura J. Olsen
- Laura Lossi
- Laura Santambrogio
- Laurent Le Cam
- Lawrence H. Boise
- Lea M.D. Delbridge
- Lena F. Burbulla
- Leo A. van Grunsven
- Leon O. Murphy
- Leonardo H. Travassos
- Leonidas C. Platanias
- Leonidas Stefanis
- Lester M. Davids
- Leticia A.M. Carneiro
- Levine B
- Leyuan Liu
- Li Yu
- Lian Li
- Liang Qin
- Liang Xu
- Lih-Shen Chin
- Lin Zhang
- Linda F. van Dyk
- Linda J. Bendall
- Linda Sealy
- Lisa B. Frankel
- Lisa M. Ellerby
- Lixin Wei
- Lizhi Cao
- Long Yu
- Long Zhang
- Long-Ping Wen
- Lorena Garcia
- Lori A. Hazelhurst
- Lorianne S. Turner
- Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
- Lotta Agholme
- Luca Benetti
- Luca Scorrano
- Lucia Notterpek
- Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- Lucile Espert
- Ludger Klein
- Ludwig Eichinger
- Luigi Maiuri
- Luisa De Martino
- Lyamzaev KG
- Lynne J. Hocking
- László Fésüs
- Maciej S. Lesniak
- Madeleine Durbeej
- Magdalena M. Rost-Roszkowska
- Maho Hamasaki
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Mala Shanmugam
- Malene Hansen
- Malgorzata Gajewska
- Manoj B. Menon
- Manolis Fanto
- Mantong Zhao
- Marc Flajolet
- Marc Fransen
- Marc Germain
- Marc Poirot
- Marcela Votruba
- Marcello D'Amelio
- Marco Sandri
- Marco Tafani
- Marcus Fechheimer
- Maria A. Mena
- Maria Agnello
- Maria C. Roccheri
- Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Maria Condello
- Maria E. Figueiredo-Pereira
- Maria Francesca Aleo
- Maria Høyer-Hansen
- Maria I. Vaccaro
- Maria L. Florez-McClure
- Maria Markaki
- Maria R. Ciriolo
- Maria S. Soengas
- Maria T. Diaz-Meco
- Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Marianne J. Cronjé
- Marie-Josée Hébert
- Marina Jendrach
- Mario Di Gioacchino
- Mario P. Tschan
- Marion E. Schneider
- Marja Jäättelä
- Marjan Garmyn
- Marjolein van Egmond
- Mark E. Drew
- Mark J. Czaja
- Mark Prescott
- Mark R. Cookson
- Mark R. Marten
- Marlène Dreux
- Marta Izquierdo
- Marta Martinez-Vicente
- Martha M. Monick
- Martine Biard-Piechaczyk
- Martinet W
- Mary E. Choi
- María I. Colombo
- Masaaki Komatsu
- Masaru Harada
- Masashi Narita
- Masato Koike
- Massimo De Felici
- Mateus Marcondes
- Mathias Faure
- Mathias Gautel
- Matilde Masini
- Matthew E. Gegg
- Matthew L. Albert
- Matthias Gaestel
- Matthias Peter
- Maureen E. Murphy
- Mauro Piacentini
- May Christine V. Malicdan
- Maylin Almonte-Becerril
- Mee-Len Chye
- Meera Nanjundan
- Mehrdad Alirezaei
- Mei Wang
- Meiyan Jin
- Melanie J. McConnell
- Melinda A. Lynch-Day
- Meng-Chao Yao
- Mercedes Pozuelo-Rubio
- Mercer CA
- Mervyn J. Monteiro
- Meschini S
- Mette Prætorius-Ibba
- Michael Duszenko
- Michael I. Koukourakis
- Michael J. Clague
- Michael K. Hancock
- Michael L. Ginger
- Michael Lee
- Michael Lehmann
- Michael N. Moore
- Michael Overholtzer
- Michael P. Lisanti
- Michael S. Goligorsky
- Michael Scharl
- Michael T. Lotze
- Michael Thumm
- Michaël Boyer-Guittaut
- Michel A. Duchosal
- Michel Roberge
- Michelangelo Campanella
- Michele S. Swanson
- Michiaki Yamashita
- Michinaga Ogawa
- Michiorri S
- Michisuke Yuzaki
- Midori Umekawa
- Miep H. Helfrich
- Miguel Navarro
- Mihai G. Netea
- Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Miklós Sass
- Miller BC
- Min Chen
- Ming Jiang
- Ming-Huang Hong
- Ming-Yong Zhang
- Minnie Sarwal
- Miquel Vila
- Mireille Ouimet
- Miriam H. Meisler
- Misuzu Baba
- Mitsuhiro Yanagida
- Mitsunori Fukuda
- Miyuki Sato
- Mizushima N
- Mohamed Elgendy
- Mohsen Mardi
- Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- Molly L. Bristol
- Mondira Kundu
- Monika Cahová
- Mora R
- Moriyasu Y
- Morten Petersen
- Mortimore GE
- Motoni Kadowaki
- Motyl T
- Mpakou VE
- Munafó DB
- Munir A. Al-Zeer
- Muriel Priault
- Mustapha Rouis
- Myung-Shik Lee
- N. Tony Eissa
- Na Man
- Nadezda Apostolova
- Nadia Zaffaroni
- Nadine Camougrand
- Nana Y.O. Asare
- Nancy L. Oleinick
- Nancy Y. Ip
- Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Nathalie M. Mazure
- Nathalie Produit-Zengaffinen
- Nathan R Brady
- Natik Piri
- Naweed I. Naqvi
- Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Nicholas J. Talbot
- Nicholas T. Ktistakis
- Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Nicola L. Jones
- Nicolas Pallet
- Nikolai V. Gorbunov
- Nina Raben
- Nixon RA
- Noboru Mizushima
- Nobuyuki Nukina
- Ogawa M
- Ohkmae K. Park
- Okatsu K
- Oleg Krut
- Oleksandr Seleverstov
- Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja
- Olga Zabirnyk
- Onya Opota
- Ook-Joon Yoo
- Orian S. Shirihai
- Ost A
- Ostenfeld MS
- Ouardia Ait-Mohamed
- Paglin S
- Paloma B. Liton
- Pamela J. McLean
- Panu M. Jaakkola
- Paola Costelli
- Paola Matarrese
- Paolo Bonaldo
- Paolo Paganetti
- Paolo Salomoni
- Papadopoulos T
- Parco M. Siu
- Pascale Cossart
- Patrice Codogno
- Patricia Boya
- Patricia V. Schoenlein
- Patrick Auberger
- Patrick Brest
- Patrick J. Hussey
- Patrick Legembre
- Patrizia Agostinis
- Paul A. Ney
- Paul A.M. Michels
- Paul B. Fisher
- Paul Dent
- Paul Hofman
- Paul K. Herman
- Paul Lingor
- Paul M. Salvaterra
- Paul S. Brookes
- Paul Webster
- Paula I. Moreira
- Pawel P. Liberski
- Pedro A. Lazo
- Per O. Seglen
- Peter G.H. Clarke
- Peter K. Kim
- Peter Low
- Peter R. Williamson
- Peter Strålfors
- Peter V. Bozhkov
- Peter Vandenabeele
- Philippe Gailly
- Philippe Gual
- Philippe Marambaud
- Philippe Pierre
- Piero Marchetti
- Pierre Golstein
- Pierre Lapaquette
- Piggott N
- Plomp PJ
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Poli A
- Poonam Sansanwal
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Pu Xia
- Qi-Wen Fan
- Qian Cai
- Qiangrong Liang
- Qili Feng
- Qing Jiang
- Qing Zhong
- Qiong A. Liu
- Qiuhong Duan
- Quan Chen
- Qun-Ying Lei
- Rafael Linden
- Raffaele Matteoni
- Raj Kumar
- Rajat Singh
- Ralph A. Nixon
- Ralph Feuer
- Ramnik J. Xavier
- Ramon Corbalan
- Ramon Gonzalez
- Rati Fotedar
- Ravi K. Amaravadi
- Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Regine Schneider-Stock
- Rejko Krüger
- Renaud Legouis
- Reuben J. Shaw
- Ricardo Escalante
- Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Richard A. Lockshin
- Richard C. Wang
- Richard D. Vierstra
- Richard J. Youle
- Richard Wade-Martins
- Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- Robert Baiocchi
- Robert C. Bast
- Robert Clarke
- Robert Layfield
- Robert S.B. Clark
- Robert T. Abraham
- Robert W. Gilkerson
- Roberta A. Gottlieb
- Roberta Castino
- Roberto Chiarelli
- Roberto Ciarcia
- Roberto Towns
- Rodney J. Devenish
- Rodrigo Franco
- Rodrigo Mora
- Rodriguez-Enriquez S
- Roger L. Albin
- Roger L. Williams
- Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski
- Rosa Ana González-Polo
- Rosa Puertollano
- Rosa Salvioli
- Rosado CJ
- Rosario A. Caruso
- Rossella Russo
- Roza Kucharczyk
- Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto
- Ruediger Stendel
- Rui Kang
- Rumpelt HJ
- Russ Chess-Williams
- Russel J. Reiter
- Ruth H. Furukawa
- Ruth S. Slack
- Réz G
- Réz G
- Réz G
- Réz G
- Sabah N.A. Hussain
- Sabine Hilfiker
- Saburo Matsuo
- Saeid Ghavami
- Safia Costes
- Sagar Lonial
- Sakagami H
- Salem Chouaib
- Salvador N
- Salvatore Florio
- Salvatore Oddo
- Sandra K. Halonen
- Sandra M. Cardoso
- Sandro Goruppi
- Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Sara Cherry
- Sarah L. Waters
- Sasaki K
- Satoru Noguchi
- Saverio Minucci
- Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar
- Schork SM
- Scott J. Bultman
- Scott M. Welford
- Scott O. Zeitlin
- Seamus J. Martin
- Sean T. Sweeney
- Seglen PO
- Seglen PO
- Seong Who Kim
- Seong-Woon Yu
- Serena Carra
- Serge Mostowy
- Serge Przedborski
- Sergio Comincini
- Sergio Lavandero
- Sergio P. Bydlowski
- Seung-Yong Yoon
- Seungmin Hwang
- Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Sharad Kumar
- Sharon A. Tooze
- Sharon Gorski
- Sharon L. McKenna
- Shazib Pervaiz
- Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Shelburne JD
- Sheng Li
- Shengbing Huang
- Shengkan V. Jin
- Shengyun Fang
- Shi Yu Yang
- Shi-Yong Sun
- Shigeomi Shimizu
- Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Shin-ichiro Hayashi
- Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Shizuo Akira
- Shoba Amarnath
- Shu-Bing Qian
- Shunhei Yamashina
- Shvets E
- Shweta Saran
- Shyamal D. Desai
- Simin Mohseni
- Simon R. Carding
- Simon W. Rabkin
- Simon Wilkinson
- Simone Engelender
- Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- Sophie Pattingre
- Soraya S. Smaili
- Soumeya Bekri
- Sovan Sarkar
- Spencer B. Gibson
- Spruessel A
- Srinivasa M. Srinivasula
- Stan B. Sidhu
- Stefan E. Hardt
- Stefan J. Marciniak
- Stefan Olsson
- Stefan W. Ryter
- Stefania Meschini
- Stefanie Pöggeler
- Stefano Schiaffino
- Steffan T. Nawrocki
- Stephan T. Stern
- Stephane Rocchi
- Stephen A. Spector
- Stephen Doxsey
- Stephen Manon
- Steve S.-L. Chen
- Steven D. Harris
- Steven Finkbeiner
- Steven K. Backues
- Strømhaug PE
- Subramaniam Ganesh
- Sug Hyung Lee
- Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Suresh C. Tyagi
- Suresh K. Joseph
- Susan E. Quaggin
- Susann Patschan
- Susmita Kaushik
- Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- Swapan K. Ray
- Sylke Müller
- Sylviane Muller
- Sylvie M. Guichard
- Szeto J
- Sébastien Besteiro
- Taehoon Chun
- Tai-Ho Hung
- Takahiko Akematsu
- Takahiro Shintani
- Takao Setoguchi
- Takashi Momoi
- Takashi Ueno
- Takeshi Into
- Takeshi Noda
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Tallóczy Z
- Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Tapas Saha
- Taras Y. Nazarko
- Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Tatsuya Saitoh
- Taylor GS
- Ted R. Hupp
- Teresa Zoladek
- Terje Johansen
- Terry D. Oberley
- Tessa L. Holyoake
- Theocharis Panaretakis
- Thierry Soldati
- Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Thomas F. Meyer
- Thomas Farkas
- Thomas G. Hofmann
- Thomas J. Begley
- Thomas J. Melia
- Thomas P. Neufeld
- Thomas R. Gawriluk
- Thomas W. Grunt
- Thorsten Nürnberger
- Tianhong Pan
- Tibor Vellai
- Timothy F. Osborne
- Timothy J. Kinsella
- Ting Han
- Ting-Fen Tsai
- Tino Kurz
- Tobias B. Huber
- Tom Wileman
- Tomasz Motyl
- Tomohiro Kabuta
- Tomohiro Yorimitsu
- Tomoki Chiba
- Tomotake Kanki
- Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Tor Erik Rusten
- Toren Finkel
- Toshihiko Suzuki
- Toshiyuki Nakagawa
- Toya Ohashi
- Toyooka K
- Trond Lamark
- Tso-Pang Yao
- Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Tuck Wah Soong
- Tuttle DL
- Tóth S
- Udai Bhan Pandey
- Ugo Pagnini
- Ulf T. Brunk
- Uma Sankar
- Usha Nair
- V. Ashutosh Rao
- Valentina Iovane
- Valerie Askanas
- Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- Vassiliki Karantza
- Vellareddy Anantharam
- Venerando R
- Vergne I
- Victor Dosenko
- Victor V. Levenson
- Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Viktor I. Korolchuk
- Vinay Choubey
- Vincent Galy
- Vincenzo De Tata
- Virginia Espina
- Virginie Carmignac
- Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy
- Vivek K. Unni
- Vladimir Kirkin
- Vladimir P. Skulachev
- Vladimir Trajkovic
- Vojo Deretic
- Vojtech Skop
- vom Dahl S
- vom Dahl S
- von Haefen C
- Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Wai Haung Yu
- Walter Balduini
- Walter Malorni
- Walter T. Klimecki
- Wan-Wan Lin
- Wanda Buzgariu
- Wannian Yang
- Weber SM
- Webster P
- Weei-Chin Lin
- Wei Liu
- Wei Y
- Wei Yuan Yang
- Wei-Chiang Shen
- Wei-Guo Zhu
- Wei-Jia Kong
- Wei-Lien Yen
- Wei-Pang Huang
- Wei-Xing Zong
- Weidong Le
- Weijie Li
- Wen-Xing Ding
- WenLi Chen
- Wiep Scheper
- Wilfried Bursch
- William A. Weiss
- William K.K. Wu
- William T. Jackson
- Wim Martinet
- Wim P. Vandenberghe
- Winter G
- Wolfdieter Springer
- Won-Ki Huh
- Wouter G. van Doorn
- Xavier Molero
- Xi Chen
- Xiang Mao
- Xiang-Bo Wan
- Xianghua Yan
- Xiangmei Chen
- Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Xiao-Ming Yin
- Xiaolei Xu
- Xiaoning Bi
- Xiaoxiang Zheng
- Xiequn Chen
- Xinbing Sui
- Xinglong Wang
- Xiongwei Zhu
- Xiujie J. Wang
- Xu Dong Zhang
- Xue-Jun Li
- Xue-Yuan Bai
- Xuejun Jiang
- Xuejun Jiang
- Xueqin Song
- Ya Hua
- Yaichiro Kotake
- Yan Cheng
- Yan-Bo Li
- Yang Shi
- Yannick Bailly
- Yano K
- Yasuhiko Tomino
- Yasuo Uchiyama
- Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Ye-Guang Chen
- Yi Zhen Deng
- Yi-Fang Zhao
- Yi-Ling Lin
- Yi-Ping Li
- Ying Zhao
- Ying-Jan Wang
- Yingyu Chen
- Yipeng Wang
- Yohta Shimada
- Yokota S
- Yong Ma
- Yong-Joon Chwae
- Yong-Keun Jung
- Yong-Sun Kim
- Yonghyun Kim
- Yongqi Fang
- Yongqiang Chen
- Yoon-A Kang
- Yoshiaki Kamada
- Yoshihiro Shidoji
- Yoshimori T
- Yoshimura K
- Yoshinori Kawazoe
- Yoshitaka Isaka
- Yoshitaka Takano
- Yotaro Izumi
- You-Wen He
- Youji Feng
- Young Ho Koh
- Young-Chau Liu
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Yuan Tian
- Yuangang Zhu
- Yuji Moriyasu
- Yuko Yoshikawa
- Yule Liu
- Yung-Feng Liao
- Yves L. Marcel
- Zahra Zakeri
- Zelda H. Cheung
- Zhang H
- Zhen Fan
- Zhen Lu
- Zhen-Bo Wang
- Zheng Dong
- Zheng-Hong Qin
- Zhenyu Yue
- Zhi-Jun Sun
- Zhi-Min Yuan
- Zhifen Yang
- Zhigang Charles Wang
- Zhijun Xi
- Zhinong Wang
- Zhiping Xie
- Zhixiang Chen
- Zhizhuang J. Zhao
- Zhonglin Xie
- Zhou G
- Zhu H
- Zixu Mao
- Zu-Hang Sheng
- Zuzana Papackova
- Zvulun Elazar
- Åsa B. Gustafsson
- Øverbye A
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research
- Author
- Abayasinghe Chamika
- Abbas Muntadhar
- Abbott T. E. F.
- Abbott Tom
- Abdullah Noor Hairiza
- Abdur-Rahman Lukman
- Abeloos Jacques
- Abernethy Caroline
- Abidin Ucu Nurhadiat
- Abrunhosa Alexandra
- Absar Mohammed
- Adam Suwayba
- Adams George
- Adamson Michael
- Adekola Oyebola
- Adelaja Yemi
- Ademola Adeyinka
- Adenekan Anthony
- Adenike Odewabi
- Adeolu Augustine A
- Adetoye Adedapo
- Adewale Badru
- Adigun Tinuola
- Adolfsson Anne
- Aflori Laura
- Africander Cucu
- Afshari Arash
- Agarwal Vandana
- Agodirin Olayide
- Aguzzoli Crisitiano
- Ahmad Abdurrahman
- Ahmad Norfaizan
- Ahmad T.
- Ahmad Tahania
- Ahmad Yousra
- Ahmed Ahmed
- Ahmed Jamil
- Ahmed Tahania
- Ai Yanqiu
- Aignatoaie Mariana
- Aimoniotou-Georgiou Eleni
- Akanmu Olanrewaju
- Akerman Nik
- Akinwale Mukaila
- Al Amri Khalid
- Al Hussaini Sabah
- Al-Soudaine Yassr
- Aladin Hafiz
- Alagbe-Briggs Olubusola
- Albaj Safauldeensalem
- Alcock David
- Alcock Liam
- Aldecoa Cesar
- Aldecoa Cesar
- Aleixo Fábia Berganton
- Alexander Hazel
- Alexander Maini
- Alexander-Sefre Farhad
- Alherz Fadhel
- Ali Hani
- Ali Marlynn
- Ali Sarah
- Alias Abdul Hafiz
- Alias Anita
- Alias Raja Liza Raja
- Allen Samantha
- Allen Sara Jane
- Allison Joanna
- Alloj Chiara
- Allorto Nikki Leigh
- Allsop Joanne
- Almeida William
- Alonso Eduardo
- Alonso José Ignacio
- Alphonsus Christella
- Alvares Danielle
- Alves Maria Joao
- Amador Juan Carlos Bravo
- Ameer Yusuf
- Amendola Cristina Prata
- Ami Noam
- Amstrup-Hansen Louise
- Anagnou Athina
- Andersen Cheme
- Anderson Charlotte
- Anderson Colette
- Anderson Frank
- Anderson Philip
- Andreadaki Evangelia
- Andreou Alexandros
- Andreou Prematie
- Andrew Alyson
- Andrews Emma
- Angel Miguel Paludi
- Angermair Stefan
- Angus Kirsty
- Anillo Victor
- Anizi Mashel Al
- Antal Oana
- Antill Philip
- Antoniadou Eleni
- Apagaki Eymorfia
- Apostolou Konstantinos
- Applewhaite Christopher
- Applewhaite Christopher
- Aquino Laura Patricia González
- Ar Praburaj
- Araujo Daniela Marques
- Arawwawala Dilshan
- Ardern Diane
- Argue Ruth
- Aribawa Mahaalit Alit
- Arkalaki Eleni
- Armaganidis Apostolos
- Armstrong John
- Armstrong Richard
- Arnaoutoglou Christina
- Arnaoutoglou Elena
- Arnold Glenn
- Arrandale Lindsay
- Arrich James
- Arrigo Mario
- Arshad Homa
- Arshad Mohammed Asif
- Artiles Tania Socorro
- Arumugam Swarna
- Arustei Mirela
- Arvaniti Kostoula
- Arvaniti Kostoula
- Arya Aryabiantara
- Arya Shobhit
- Asimakos Andreas
- Aslam M
- Asudo Felicia
- Athanasakis Elias
- Atiku Mamuda
- Attrill Elizabeth
- Attwood Clare
- Auer Patrick
- Avidan Michael
- Avila Erendira Jocelin Dominguez
- Avis Joanne
- Awad Hadi
- Axioti Elena
- Azam Ummi Azmira Ahmad
- Azambuja Pedro
- Azevedo Caroline
- Aziz Faizal Zuhri
- Baas Peter
- Baghirzada Leyla
- Bai Hui-Ping
- Baillie Shelley
- Baines Duncan
- Baio Thalissa Hermínia
- Bairaktari Aggeliki
- Baker Gerard
- Baker Katie-Anne
- Baker Paul
- Balain Birender
- Balajonda Naraida
- Balanescu Andreea
- Balasubramaniam Madhu
- Baldisserotto Sérgio
- Baldwin Jacqueline
- Baldwin Matthew
- Balfoussia Danai
- Bali Christina
- Bandeira Maria Expedito
- Banerjee Robin
- Bankewitz Carla
- Banner-Goodspeed Valerie
- Bao Qi
- Barcraft-Barnes Helena
- Barneto Lisa
- Barnett Andrew
- Barraclough James
- Barras Jean-Pierre
- Barrett Stephen
- Barrett Wendy Joan
- Basanth Sujith
- Batchelor Nick
- Bateman Brian
- Bates Alexander
- Bates Sarah
- Batista Hugo Dias
- Bauchmuller Kris
- Bauer Marlene
- Baumgarten Georg
- Baxter Linden
- Beaton Ceri
- Beattie Scott
- Beattie Scott
- Beattie Scott
- Beavis Vanessa
- Beavis Vanessa
- Bechan Sudha
- Beer Johan
- Bejia Tarek
- Belciu Ioana
- Belda Margarita Tormo
- Bell Gillian
- Bell Rachel
- Bell Rachel
- Bell Stephanie
- Bellandi Mattia
- Bello Jibril
- Beloeil Helene
- Belskiy Vladislav
- Beltran Anna Valle
- Ben-Menachem Erez
- Benavent Pau
- Benevento Angelo
- Bengeri Sheshagiri
- Bennett Cambell
- Bennett Michael
- Bennett Rachael
- Bennett Victoria
- Bentley Conor
- Beretta Luigi
- Berg Andrew
- Berg Bianca
- Bergin Colin
- Bernard Andre
- Bernard Andre
- Bernard Andre
- Bernat Maria Jose
- Berntsen Emer
- Berntsen Emer
- Bertram Wendy
- Bester Delia
- Bester Marlet
- Bettega Fernanda
- Bettinelli Alessandra
- Bhardwaj Neeraj
- Bhatia Kailash
- Bhula Chettan
- Bi Yanbing
- Biais M.
- Biais Matthieu
- Biais Matthieu
- Biccard Bruce
- Biccard Bruce M
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- Bidd Heena
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- Blackwood Douglas
- Blaj Mihaela
- Blakemore Stephen P
- Bland Martin
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- Bodger Phoebe
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- Chetty Rubendraj R
- Chew Michelle
- Chew Michelle
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- Chronis Christos
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- Chu Susanna
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- Chung Chun Kwong Eric
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- Ciobotaru Oana Roxana
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- Claxton Andrew
- Clemmons Karen
- Cloro Luigi Maria
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- Currow Helen
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- Czeslick Elke
- Cádiz Maria José Hernández
- D'Andrea Rocco
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- Dai Qingqing
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- Delgado García David R
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- Ganter Michael T
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- Gray Sophie
- Greaves K. E.
- Greaves Rosanna
- Green Garyth M
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- Greene Michael
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- Hamzah Zulkarnain
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- Harrichandparsad R
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- He Changlin
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- Helen Bryant
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- Hellstrom Johanna
- Helmy Naeder
- Hennings Charles
- Hering Jens Peter
- Hernandez Carlos B
- Hernandez Miguel
- Hert Stefan
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- Hidayatullah Rahmat
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- Hodgkiss Tracey
- Hodgson Richard E
- Hodzovic Emil
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- Huang Lixia
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- Huang Song
- Huang Wenhui
- Huang Yanming
- Hubner Martin
- Hughes Thomas
- Hugill Keith
- Hulme Jonathan
- Hulst Abraham
- Humphreys Sally
- Humphries Ryan
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- Hunt Jane
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- Hussain Nabilah
- Hutchings Melanie
- Hutchins David
- Hutton Monica
- Huygens Christel
- Huynh Wilson Binh Quan
- Hwan Haifang
- Härtl Christine
- Hübner Martin
- Hüppe Michael
- Iasonidou Christina
- Idowu Olusola
- Ijuo Eke
- Iloabachie Ikechukwu
- Ilyina Yana
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- Zhang Yuan
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- Zhao Bo
- Zhao Chong
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- Zhao Jinning
- Zhao Lei
- Zhao Shuna
- Zhao Ting
- Zhao Weihong
- Zhao Weilu
- Zhao Xiaoying
- Zhen Jungang
- Zheng Kang
- Zheng Lina
- Zheng Tianzhao
- Zhong Yi
- Zhou Ce
- Zhou Dachun
- Zhou Haidong
- Zhou Haiyan
- Zhou Jiali
- Zhou Jialong
- Zhou Jing
- Zhou Xian-jin
- Zhu Xiaomao
- Zhu Yi
- Zhu Zhipeng
- Zhuang Xiuxiu
- Zilis Georgios
- Zin Nor Hafizah Mohd
- Zingerle Nicolette
- Zingg Urs
- Zoerner Frank
- Zonneveldt Harry
- Zou Xiaohua
- Zoulamoglou Menelaos
- Zsisku Lajos
- Zundert Tom
- Zyl Rebekka
- åkring Irene
- Ögren Katrin
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 22/10/2018
- Field of study
Background
The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Methods
This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs.
Results
A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59).
Conclusion
Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally