Additional file 4: Table S4. of Construction of a dense genetic linkage map and mapping quantitative trait loci for economic traits of a doubled haploid population of Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

The bin markers located on the five linkage groups and their genetic distances. (XLSX 25 kb

Minimum bias measurement at 13 TeV

The modelling of Minimum Bias (MB) is a crucial ingredient to learn about the description of soft QCD processes and to simulate the environment at the LHC with many concurrent pp interactions (pile-up). We summarise the ATLAS minimum bias measurements with proton-proton collision at 13 TeV center-of-mass-energy at the Large Hadron Collider

Pixel-Bit

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónEl guión cinematográfico ha sido tratado de formas muy diferentes a lo largo de la historia. Si bien, las primeras películas carecían de guión y eran producciones sencillas de argumento y con escasez de medios, con la llegada de Méliès al mundo del cine el tema de la planificación de la producción adquirió cierto relieve e importancia. Sirviéndose de técnicas teatrales creó escenarios, trucos, hizo uso de la iluminación artificial, y utilizó la cámara de forma parecida a como es usada en el siglo XX. Los medios cinematográficos, televisivo, videográfico y los avances de la tecnología electrónica audiovisual han generado una dinámica de la producción en constante evolución y sometida a una constante revisión de métodos y medios. Por lo tanto, en la planificación de guiones lo definitivo, no existe.ES

A High-Density Genetic Map for Soybean Based on Specific Length Amplified Fragment Sequencing

<div><p>Soybean is an important oil seed crop, but very few high-density genetic maps have been published for this species. Specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) is a recently developed high-resolution strategy for large scale <i>de novo</i> discovery and genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms. SLAF-seq was employed in this study to obtain sufficient markers to construct a high-density genetic map for soybean. In total, 33.10 Gb of data containing 171,001,333 paired-end reads were obtained after preprocessing. The average sequencing depth was 42.29 in the Dongnong594, 56.63 in the Charleston, and 3.92 in each progeny. In total, 164,197 high-quality SLAFs were detected, of which 12,577 SLAFs were polymorphic, and 5,308 of the polymorphic markers met the requirements for use in constructing a genetic map. The final map included 5,308 markers on 20 linkage groups and was 2,655.68 cM in length, with an average distance of 0.5 cM between adjacent markers. To our knowledge, this map has the shortest average distance of adjacent markers for soybean. We report here a high-density genetic map for soybean. The map was constructed using a recombinant inbred line population and the SLAF-seq approach, which allowed the efficient development of a large number of polymorphic markers in a short time. Results of this study will not only provide a platform for gene/quantitative trait loci fine mapping, but will also serve as a reference for molecular breeding of soybean.</p></div

Number of markers in each of eight segregation patterns.

<p>Number of markers in each of eight segregation patterns.</p

Number of markers and average sequencing depth.

<p>The x-axes in A and B indicate individual recombinant inbred line plant accessions, and the y-axes indicate the number of markers (A) and average depth (B).</p

Summary of marker depths.

<p>Summary of marker depths.</p

SLAF markers numbers on each chromosome.

<p>SLAF markers numbers on each chromosome.</p

Description on basic characteristics of the 20 linkage groups.

<p>‘Gap≤5’ indicated the percentages of gaps in which the distance between adjacent markers was smaller than 5 cM.</p

Construction and Analysis of High-Density Linkage Map Using High-Throughput Sequencing Data

<div><p>Linkage maps enable the study of important biological questions. The construction of high-density linkage maps appears more feasible since the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), which eases SNP discovery and high-throughput genotyping of large population. However, the marker number explosion and genotyping errors from NGS data challenge the computational efficiency and linkage map quality of linkage study methods. Here we report the HighMap method for constructing high-density linkage maps from NGS data. HighMap employs an iterative ordering and error correction strategy based on a k-nearest neighbor algorithm and a Monte Carlo multipoint maximum likelihood algorithm. Simulation study shows HighMap can create a linkage map with three times as many markers as ordering-only methods while offering more accurate marker orders and stable genetic distances. Using HighMap, we constructed a common carp linkage map with 10,004 markers. The singleton rate was less than one-ninth of that generated by JoinMap4.1. Its total map distance was 5,908 cM, consistent with reports on low-density maps. HighMap is an efficient method for constructing high-density, high-quality linkage maps from high-throughput population NGS data. It will facilitate genome assembling, comparative genomic analysis, and QTL studies. HighMap is available at <a href="http://highmap.biomarker.com.cn/" target="_blank">http://highmap.biomarker.com.cn/</a>.</p></div