A straightforward synthesis of indazolo[3,2-a]isoquinolin-6-amines

4-Substituted 1-bromoisoquinolin-3-amines were subjected to Suzuki coupling with o-nitrophenylboronic acid to yield 1-(2-nitrophenyl) isoquinolinamines, which participated in Cadogan cyclization with triethyl phosphite under microwave irradiation in a sealed vial to yield fluorescent indazolo[3,2-a] isoquinolin-6-amines. The new compounds were also functionalized by transformation of the amino group. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Az MTA Irodalomtudományi Intézet története és dokumentumai = Documents of the establishment and the history of Institute of Literary Studies of H.A.S.

Az MTA Irodalomtudományi Intézete, 1955. decemberétől oly hosszú idő óta működik, hogy tevékenysége akarva-akaratlanul - történelmi és tudománytörténeti mérlegre kerül. 1990-ben. Az Intézet fennállásának negyvenedik évfordulóján hosszú előadás készült történetéről, ami azt fejezte ki, e mérlegelés is tudománytörténeti érdekű. Később Glatz Ferenc MTA elnök kérésére el kellett elkészítenünk az Irodalomtudományi Intézet rövid történetét is, amely külön füzetben meg is jelent. Már e munkák folyamán megmutatkozott azonban, hogy részletesebb intézettörténetet akkor lehet rekonstruálni, ha feltárjuk, rendezzük és közzé tesszük a témára vonatkozó dokumentumokat. Ehhez mindenekelőtt az Intézet Archívumát kellett rendezni, mert a munkatársak ugyan korábban is átadták dokumentumaikat, ezek azonban rendezetlenek voltak. Az Archívum vezetője, jelen OTKA-program munkatársa, Simon Zsuzsanna kiemelte az intézettörténeti anyagot, s a rendezést ezzel indította meg. Párhuzamosan folytatta a kutatást - immár nemcsak módszertani szempontból - a többi nagy levéltárban is. Az így feltárt dokumentumok lehetővé tették az intézettörténet írója számára, hogy személyes emlékeit alátámassza és kibővítse. Emellett a kutatás külön-külön is figyelembe vette a téma részterületeit, s ezeket igyekeztünk nyomtatásban vagy interneten közülni. | The Institute of Literary Studies is more than fifty years old. In the spirit of this recognition of the fortieth anniversary the Institute began to value its own achievement in connection of a conference on the history of criticism. In 2000 the president of HAS established a special committee which decided to make to write the histories of the academic research institutes. Within the framework of this program a short history of the Institute of Literary Studies was published. In the process of this work the author understood that the condition of a complete history of this institute is the collection, the systematisation and the edition of documents connected with the spiritual, social and political background. For this purpose first we had to order the material of the Archives of the Institute and parallelly we had continue the research in those institutions where the existence of the Institute was decided. The greatest and most valuable part of the freshly discovered documents are concerning about the years between 1950 and 1956. For thus reason the previous history of the Institute is widened chiefly in its prehistory and in the chapter about the revolution. This type of work of course cannot be finished. So we recon on hidden treasures in the archives, and we know that we have to continue to write up the documents in the history of the Institute of Literary Studies. (http://archivum.iti.mta.hu

The Situation of the Sunflower Seed Production in Hungary Before the EU Accession

However, the sunflower seed production was not free of problems in the ´90ies in Hungary; it is unquestionable, that this enterprise suffered the least, The transformation has affected the producers dramatically here, to; especially due to the privatisation of the background industry. After the bottom of the years 1992 and 1993, the sunflower seed production was more or less balanced, which lasted as long as the year 1997, when unfavourable weather and pest control problems occurred. Since that time, a continuous problem in profitability was experienced; and due to its effect on the industry, a harmonic balance typical for the middle of the century cannot have rebuilt, yet. The most serious problems are caused by the cumulative agritechnical lags. One main source of it is the shortage of capital; the other is the lack of sufficient knowledge. Therefore, the lack of necessary plant protection and fertilization, , own produced poor seeds instead of quality seeds are used. The lack of the knowledge can be explained by the too small size of the farms, thus e.g. a necessary crop rotation is not applied in many cases. The competitiveness of the enterprise can only recover more conditions of the production will change at he same time. Not only the yields should increase, but the agritechnical conditions should be improved. By the time of the EU accession, an average yield of 2.0 to 2.2 tons per hectare will have been necessary to reach in order to stay competitive and profitable with increasing input prices. Still before the EU accession and afterwards, much greater changes and conflicts are expected in the agriculture than in the industry. As these changes will start from the basis of the production, information should start to be given to the farmers and producers right now. Only this will help them understand and view the new system and the new conditions. One of the major challenges of the accession is to improve and harmonise the conditions of the agricultural production, not only in legal but economic terms, as well. This means that the Hungarian level should reach that of the EU in terms of producer prices, direct payments, and profitability and even in consumer prices and wages till the accession. After the troubles of the past years, the preparations for the EU accession raise the questions and tasks of modern management, complex development, quality production and competitiveness. According to the planned four to five years of lining up and technical modernisation, the double of the current annual payments and investments is needed. Along with the overall improvement of the economic conditions, the uncompetitive small farms, the shortage in income and source, which limits the quality and the volume of the production and the lack of the integration, which sets back the production, processing and trade can not be liveable any more

Rheumatoid arthritis and smoking: putting the pieces together

Besides atherosclerosis and lung cancer, smoking is considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It has long been known that there is a connection between rheumatoid factor-positive rheumatoid arthritis and cigarette smoking. Recently, an important gene–environment interaction has been revealed; that is, carrying specific HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding the shared epitope and smoking establish a significant risk for anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis. We summarize how smoking-related alteration of the cytokine balance, the increased risk of infections (the possibility of cross-reactivity) and modifications of autoantigens by citrullination may contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis

Elkerülő magatartás és korai tárgykapcsolatokra való visszaemlékezés : az agorafóbiás élményekkel kapcsolatos fokozott érzékenység alakulása egészséges fiatal felnőtteknél = Enhanced sensitivity to fear-related avoidance among healthy young adults: Agoraphobic experiences and early representation of parental rearing behaviour

Cél: A félelmet keltő helyzetek iránti fogékonyságot vizsgáljuk a szülői magatartásra való visszaemlékezés tükrében egészséges, fiatal felnőtt, egyetemi hallgatók körében. Célunk az elkerülő magatartással kísért félénkség családi szocializációs folyamatainak részleges feltérképezése. Esősorban a szülők nevelési attitűdjéről őrzött reprezentációk és az elkerülő magatartás kapcsolatát elemeztük. Módszerek: 305 egyetemi hallgató (140 nő és 165 férfi, átlagéletkor 22,0 ± 2,0) vett részt a vizsgálatban. Két önkitöltős kérdőívet használtunk: 1. Félelem Felmérő Kérdőív (Fear Survey Schedule – FSS) Agorafóbia-faktorának 13 állítása; 2. „Szülőkkel kapcsolatos gyermekkori emlékek” (Egna Minnen Betraffende Uppfostran – EMBU) kérdőíves értékelő lista, melynek célja, hogy a szülői nevelésre való visszaemlékezést értékelje. Eredmények: Az eredmények alapján elmondható, hogy van összefüggés a félénkségre épülő elkerülés, agorafóbiás helyzetekkel kapcsolatos fokozott szenzitivitás és a szülői magatartással kapcsolatos emlékek között. Nemek tekintetében a szorongásos zavarok epidemiológiai adatainak megfelelően az agorafóbiás félelmek a lányok esetében statisztikailag szignifikánsan gyakrabban fordulnak elő (β = –0,176; p = 0,005). A szülői magatartásmódok tekintetében az apa szerető magatartásának hiánya (β = 0,207; p = 0,011), illetve a túlvédő magatartás megléte érzékenyítő tényező (β = 0,214; p = 0,002); az anyai magatartás esetében az anya érzelmi elfogadó magatartása (β = 1,298; p<0,001) állt pozitív kapcsolatban a felnőttkori elkerülő magatartás kialakulásával az agorafóbiás aggodalmakat tartalmazó helyzetekben. Következtetések: Típusos agorafóbiás elkerülési mintázatok tehát nemcsak klinikai szintű szorongás esetében, de sajátos nevelési körülmények következtében egészséges személyeknél is megjelenhetnek. A nevelési körülményekkel kapcsolatos emlékezeti sémák befolyásolják a személyek élményfeldolgozási módjait. Számos érzékenyítő tényezőt azonban nem vizsgáltunk, és a normál személyek vizsgálata is határt szab az eredmények értelmezésének. A felvázolt elméleti modellek az elkerülő magatartás további vizsgálati alapját képezhetik. | Background: This study examined the sensitivity to agoraphobic fears influenced by perceived parental rearing behavior using a sample of healthy, young university students. Our goal was the partial mapping of the development of avoidance behavior, which can play an important role in the emergence of psychosomatic illnesses. In the first place, we analyzed the relationship between the memory representations of the parents’ rearing style and the avoidance behavior. Methods: 305 students (140 women and 165 men, mean age 22.0 ± 2.0) participated in the study. Self-reported questionnaires were used: the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS) and the EMBU evaluation list questionnaire (Egna Minne Betraffende Uppfostran; “On My Memories of Upbringing”), which is responsible to assess the recall of the parental rearing style. Results: The results show that there is a link between agoraphobic fear and the representations of parents’ rearing behavior. With respect to gender differences and in accordance with the anxiety disorder epidemiological data, agoraphobic fears were found to be more frequent among girls than boys, and the difference was statistically significant (β = –0.176; p = 0.005). With respect to the parents’ rearing attitudes, the data show that the lack of an emotionally warm father (β = 0.207; p = 0.011), and paternal overprotection (β = 0.214; p = 0.002) are sensitizing factors. Further, both the mothers’ attitude of acceptance and their emotional warmth was positively related to agoraphobic fears (β = 1.298; p<0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that agoraphobic avoidance behavior can occur not only among individuals with clinical levels of anxiety, but also among healthy individuals as a result of unique upbringing conditions. The representations of parents’ rearing behavior adversely affect a person’s process of experience. Several sensitizing factors were not examined, and the investigation of normal people limits the interpretation of the results. The outlined theoretical model, however, could serve as a basis of further investigations on avoidance behavior

The Situation of the Sugar Beet Production in Hungary Before the EU Accession

In Hungary, the sugar beet production suffers from many complex factors, which reflect on a crisis situation. Due to the narrowing markets and a decrease in the demands for sugar all together with the uncertainty and over-production of the processing industry, the sugar beet producers are very defenceless. The special technology of the sugar beet production gives an especial importance to this fact. There is not too much place fo changes for the farmers within the structure of the production costs, which has consequences in terms of both quality and volume. In the European Union, the sugar sector is highly regulated. The accession will lead us to a decades-old and solid state of the sugar production. For all member countries, unique and harmonised prices and export regulations exist. With the accession, the EU countries have the opportunity to target the markets of the newly joining countries, such as Hungary, with their surplus in sugar production. Therefore, it is in their interest to give as low quota as possible to the Hungarian sugar beet production. One key point of the regulations of the sugar production is the quota and its introduction in the production. For this reason and for the functioning CMO.s of the sugar beet sector, it is important to create and maintain an accurate and up-to-date database and the relating institutional background. The statistical and information system should cover - besides the data of the domestic production and processing and the international trade- the monitoring of the foreign markets and the whole of the agribusiness. The effectiveness of the production should improve even if a number of the farmers have to give up beet production. It is in significant the government´s responsibility to ensure these farmers´ safety of existence. By the time of the accession, reaching an average yield of 45 to 55 tons per hectare, the Hungarian sugar beet production will be competitive with the EU farmers. The current technical and agronomical level of the whole sector does not satisfy the EU requirements, however a number of producers are falling into line with the EU level. Another task is to improve the effectiveness of the processing plants that could lead to the elimination of the factories with small capacity. In that case, additional attention should be paid on the sugar beet farmers and alternatives should be offered by the winding up concerns

Assessment of possible uncertainties arising during the hydromorphological monitoring of a Sand-Bedded Large River

The riverbed morphology of sand-bedded rivers is dynamically changing as a consequence of quasi continuous bedload transport. In the meantime, the dimension, size and dynamics of developing bedforms is highly depending on the regime of the river and sediment availability, both affected by natural and anthropogenic factors. Consequently, the assessment of morphological changes as well as the monitoring of riverbed balance is challenging in such a variable environment. In relation with a general research on the longer term sediment regime of River Maros, a fairly large alluvial river in the Carpathian Basin, the primary aim of the present investigation was to assess uncertainties related to morphological monitoring, i.e. testing the reproducibility of hydromorphological surveys and digital elevation model generation by performing repeated measurements among low water conditions on selected representative sites. Surveys were conducted with the combination of an ADCP sonar, GPS and total station. The most appropriate way of digital elevation modelling (DEM) was tested and 30-point Kriging was identified to be optimal for comparative analysis. Based on the results, several uncertainties may affect the reproducibility of measurements and the volumetric deviation of DEM pairs generated. The mean horizontal difference of survey tracks was 3-4 m in case of each site, however this could not explain all the DEM deviation. Significant riverbed change between measurements could also be excluded as the main factor. Finally, it was found that results might be affected greatly by systematic errors arising during motor boat ADCP measurements. Nevertheless, the observed, normalised and aggregated DEM uncertainty (600-360 m3/rkm) is significantly lower than the changes experienced between surveys with a month or longer time lag. Consequently, the developed measurement strategy is adequate to monitor long term morphological and sediment balance change on sand bedded large river

A vállalatirányítási rendszerek menedzsment kérdései

The Regional Education and Innovation Centre of Budapest Polytechnic Institution is making research on the business application of infocommunicational techniques and technologies together with other institutions in Székesfehérvár as part of ROP 3.3.1. Project. The research takes three semesters based on the cooperation of professors and students. This study has been completed for the workshop to be held at the end of the second research semester based on the outputs of the empirical survey on company ERP systems.