16 research outputs found

    Connaissances du Personnel Médical sur la Période des 1000 Premiers jours de vie à Lomé, Togo

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    Introduction: La pĂ©riode des 1000 premiers jours est celle qui va de la conception jusqu’au deuxiĂšme anniversaire de l’enfant. Cette pĂ©riode unique et critique pendant laquelle se met en place le potentiel physique, psychomoteur, intellectuel et cognitif conditionne la santĂ© immĂ©diate et future de l’enfant. Notre travail avait pour objectif d’évaluer les connaissances des mĂ©decins sur cette pĂ©riode clĂ©. MĂ©thode : Un questionnaire a Ă©tĂ© administrĂ© Ă  un total de 71 mĂ©decins. RĂ©sultats : PrĂšs de la moitiĂ© (49,30%) avaient dĂ©jĂ  entendu parler du concept des 1000 premiers jours au moment de l’enquĂȘte. Le groupe pĂ©diatre et mĂ©decins en cours de spĂ©cialisation en pĂ©diatrie (soit respectivement 10/71 et 32/71) avaient une meilleure connaissance du concept (p=0,04) par rapport au groupe gynĂ©cologues et mĂ©decins en cours de spĂ©cialisation en gynĂ©cologie (soit respectivement 5/71 et 28/71). Un mĂ©decin sur cinq ignorait les risques encourus Ă  l’ñge adulte lorsque la croissance fƓtale n’était pas optimale. Trente mĂ©decins (42,25%) estimaient leurs connaissances sur le microbiote intestinal insuffisantes ou mĂ©diocres. La moitiĂ© des mĂ©decins (50,70%) affirmaient avoir abordĂ© le thĂšme des 1000 premiers jours avec leurs patients. Les connaissances des mĂ©decins spĂ©cialistes de la mĂšre et de l’enfant au Togo sur le concept des 1000 premiers jours doivent ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©es. Conclusion : Un renforcement gĂ©nĂ©ral des compĂ©tences s’avĂšre nĂ©cessaire pour espĂ©rer rĂ©duire le fardeau de toutes les maladies non transmissibles qui trouvent leur origine depuis la conception et pour lesquelles des actions efficaces peuvent encore ĂȘtre menĂ©es dans la petite enfance.   Introduction: The first 1000 days is the period from conception to the child's second birthday. This unique and critical period during which the physical, psychomotor, intellectual, and cognitive potential is established conditions the immediate and future health of the child. This paper focuses on evaluating the knowledge of physicians during this key period. Method: A questionnaire was administered to a total of 71 physicians. Results: Nearly half (49.30%) had already heard of the concept of the first 1000 days at the time of the survey. The pediatrician and pediatric subspecialty group (10/71 and 32/71 respectively) had a better knowledge of the concept (p=0.04) compared to the gynecologist and gynecology subspecialty group (5/71 and 28/71 respectively). One in five physicians were unaware of the risks involved in adulthood when fetal growth was not optimal. Thirty physicians (42.25%) considered their knowledge of the intestinal microbiota to be insufficient or poor. Half of the physicians (50.70%) stated that they had discussed the first 1000 days with their patients. The knowledge of mother and child specialists in Togo on the concept of the first 1000 days needs to be improved. Conclusion: A general strengthening of skills is necessary to reduce the burden of all those noncommunicable diseases that originate from conception and for which effective actions can still be carried out in early childhood

    Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

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    Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 84.7%) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 62.8%), followed by strabismus (n = 429 10.2%) and proptosis (n = 309 7.4%). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 95% CI, 12.94-24.80, and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 95% CI, 4.30-7.68). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

    Partage du statut serologique au sein des couples serodiscordants dans un protocole de PTME en pediatrie au CHU Sylvanus Olympio (Togo)

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    Introduction: Le partage du statut sĂ©rologique VIH reste un grand dĂ©fi au sein des couples en Afrique subsaharienne. L’objectif de ce travail Ă©tait de dĂ©crire lescaractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques et le partage du statut sĂ©rologique au sein des couples sĂ©rodiscordants au VIH dans un protocole de prĂ©vention de la transmission mĂšreenfant du VIH (PTME). MĂ©thodes: Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude prospective menĂ©e dans le service de pĂ©diatrie du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de novembre 2013 Ă  Septembre 2014. Elle a portĂ© sur 54 femmes sĂ©ropositives dont les conjoints Ă©taient sĂ©ronĂ©gatifs. RĂ©sultats: Deux cent cinquante patientes avaient participĂ©es Ă  l’étude. La sĂ©rodiscordance dans le couple Ă©tait retrouvĂ© chez 54 patientes (21,6 %). L’ñge moyenĂ©tait de 32 ans avec des extrĂȘmes de 30 et 39 ans. Les patientes Ă©taient essentiellement du secteur informel (83,5 %). La plupart des femmes Ă©taient mariĂ©s (83,3 %). Le dĂ©pistage Ă©tait essentiellement fait au cours des consultations prĂ©natales (40,7 %) et au cours d’une hospitalisation (40,7 %). L’annonce du statut sĂ©rologique Ă©tait faite par les patientes dans 44,5 % des cas. La transmission du VIH de la mĂšre Ă  l’enfant Ă©tait nulle. Conclusion: Les couples sĂ©rodiscordants sont des couples jeunes, il s’agit des femmes en majoritĂ© mariĂ©es et exerçant dans le secteur informel. Notre Ă©tude montre que le partage du statut sĂ©rologique VIH au sein des couples sĂ©rodiscordants est trĂšs faible et mĂ©rite d’ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©. Mots clĂ©s: Couples sĂ©rodiscordants, Partage du statut sĂ©rologique, VIH, PTME, Togo English Title: HIV status disclosure among serodiscordant couples in a pediatric PMTCT protocol at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (Togo)  English Abstract Introduction: HIV status disclosure remains a big challenge among couples in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and the disclosure of the serological status among HIV-serodiscordant couples in a protocol for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the pediatrics department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital from November 2013 to September 2014. It focused on 54 HIV-positive women whose spouses were HIV-negative. Results: Two hundred and fifty patients participated in the study. Serodiscordance in the couple was found in 54 patients (21.6%). The average age was 32 with extremes of 30 and 39. The patients were mainly from the informal sector (83.5%). Most women were married (83.3%). Screening was mainly done during prenatal consultations (40.7%) and during hospitalization (40.7%). The HIV status announcement was made by patients in 44.5% of cases. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV was zero. Conclusion: Serodiscordant couples are young couples, these are mostly married women working in the informal sector. Our study shows that the disclosure of HIV status among serodiscordant couples is very low and deserves to be improved. Keywords: Serodiscordant couples, disclosure of serological status, HIV, PMTCT, Tog

    Etat nutritionnel des nourrissons sains du 2Ăšme au 6Ăšme mois de vie recu pour vaccination au Togo

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    Introduction: Les anomalies de croissance sont visibles qu’à un stade avancĂ©. L’évaluation nutritionnelle n’est pas souvent faite chez les nourrissons de moins de 6 mois. L’objectif de notre Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© d’évaluer, l’état nutritionnel des nourrissons prĂ©sumĂ©s sains ĂągĂ©s de 2 Ă  6 mois reçus pour vaccination selon les nouvelles normes OMS 2006.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes: Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude transversale rĂ©alisĂ©e du 10 mai au 12 novembre 2012 dans l’unitĂ© de vaccination du service de pĂ©diatrie du CHU-SO. Nous avons utilisĂ© le logiciel WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 de l’OMS pour dĂ©terminer l’état nutritionnel de chaque individu et les comparer aux normes OMS. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es et analysĂ©es par traitement informatique Ă  l’aide du logiciel EPI info version 3.5.1.RĂ©sultats: Nous avons Ă©valuĂ© 621 nourrissons avec un sex-ratio de 1,06. L’ñge des nourrissons a variĂ© de 1 mois 10 jours Ă  5 mois 28 jours, avec une mĂ©diane de 2,53 mois. 14,1 % prĂ©sentaient une insuffisance pondĂ©rale dont 7,2% de formes sĂ©vĂšres. Le retard de croissance avait touchĂ© 20 % dont 11 % de formes sĂ©vĂšres. Les nourrissons Ă©taient Ă©maciĂ©s dans 4,6 %.Conclusion: la malnutrition est prĂ©sente chez les nourrissons de 2 Ă  6 mois. Elle se cache sous toutes ses formes parmi les nourrissons en bonne santĂ© apparente. Seule une Ă©valuation globale et systĂ©matique de l’état nutritionnel de tout nourrisson Ă  tout contact avec le systĂšme de santĂ©, pourra permettre un diagnostic prĂ©coce pour une prise en charge efficace.Mots clĂ©s: statut nutritionnel, enfant sain, 2 Ă  6 mois, vaccinationEnglish Title: Nutritional status of healthy infants from the 2nd to the 6th month of life received for vaccination in TogoEnglish AbstractIntroduction: Growth abnormalities are visible only at an advanced stage. Nutritional evaluation is not often done in infants under 6 months of age. The objective of our study was to evaluate the nutritional status of suspected healthy infants aged 2-6 months received for vaccination under the new WHO 2006 standards.Material and methods: this was a cross-sectional study conducted from May 10 to November 12, 2012 in the CHU-SO pediatric unit's immunization unit. We used the WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 software to determine the nutritional status of each individual  and compare them to WHO standards. The data were recorded and analyzed by computer processing using the EPI info version 3.5.1 software.Results: we evaluated 621 infants with a sex ratio of 1.06. The age of the infants ranged from 1 month 10 days to 5 months 28 days, with a median of 2.53 months. 14.1% were underweight, of which 7.2% were severe. Stunting had affected 20% of which 11% were severe. Infants were emaciated in 4.6%.Conclusion: Malnutrition is present in infants from 2 to 6 months. It hides in all its forms among apparently healthy infants. Only an overall and systematic assessment of the nutritional status of any infant with any contact with the health system can lead to early diagnosis for effective management.Keywords: nutritional status, healthy infants, 2 to 6 months, vaccinatio

    Evolution clinique et biologique de cohortes d’enfants sous traitement antiretroviral au Togo

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    Introduction: L’infection au VIH est l’une des principales causes de mortalitĂ© et de morbiditĂ© chez le nourrisson et l’enfant en Afrique subsaharienne. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©crire le profil Ă©volutif clinique et biologique des enfants sous traitement antirĂ©troviral (TARV) au Togo.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thode: Il s’est agi d’une Ă©tude transversale portant sur 870 dossiers du 1er janvier 2001 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2010 dans 40 sites de prise en charge mĂ©dicales au Togo. Le traitement des donnĂ©es est fait avec le logiciel Epi-Info 6.04d avec les tests statistiques (test du KÂČ); le seuil de signification du p=<0.05. Les doublons sont traitĂ©s par le Logiciel ESOPE.RĂ©sultats: La frĂ©quence des infections opportunistes diminuait avec l’augmentation du Taux de lymphocytes CD4m. Les infections opportunistes Ă©taient dominĂ©es par les affections pulmonaires (38,54 %) ; les affections cutanĂ©es (22,84 %) ; les affections buccales (13,15 %) et la diarrhĂ©e (11,83 %). La frĂ©quence des infections opportunistes au cours du suivi a progressivement diminuĂ©e aprĂšs chaque annĂ©e. Les effets secondaires ont essentiellement Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©s au cours de la premiĂšre annĂ©e de suivi et ont Ă©tĂ© dominĂ©s par la toxicitĂ© hĂ©patique (36,36 %) et les toxidermies (25 %).Conclusion: Le traitement antirĂ©troviral a montrĂ© son efficacitĂ© chez les enfants suivis dans divers sites au Togo. Il s’avĂšre important de poursuivre la prise en charge pĂ©diatrique et de l’étendre Ă  d’autres sites sur toute l’étendue du territoire togolais.Mots clĂ©s: Evolution, enfants, VIH, TogoEnglish Title: Clinical and biological evolution of cohorts of children against antiretroviral treatment in TogoEnglish AbstractIntroduction: HIV infection is one of the leading causes of infant and child mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and biological evolution of children on HAART in Togo.Material and method: It was a cross-sectional study of 870 cases from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2010 in 40 medical care sites in Togo. The data processing is done with the Epi-Info 6.04d software with statistical tests; p = significance level of <0.05. Duplicates are processed by the software ESOPE.Results: The frequency of opportunistic infections decreased with increasing CD4m lymphocyte counts. Opportunistic infections were dominated by pulmonary disease (38.54%); Skin disease (22.84%); Mouth disease (13.15%) and diarrhea (11.83%). The frequency of opportunistic infections during follow-up has gradually decreased after each year. Side effects were mostly found in the first year of follow-up and were dominated by hepatic toxicity (36.36%) and toxiderma (25%).Conclusion: Antiretroviral therapy has been shown to be effective in children monitored at various sites in Togo. It is important to continue pediatric care and to extend it to other sites throughout the Togolese territory.Keywords: Evolution, children, HIV, Tog

    Morbi-mortalite du nourrisson de moins de trois mois apres sortie precoce de maternite a Lome : Morbidity and mortality of infants under three months of age after early discharge from maternity hospitals in Lome

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    Introduction : Les nouveau-nĂ©s et les nourrissons de moins de trois mois sont fragiles en raison d’une maturation progressive de leurs diffĂ©rents systĂšmes de dĂ©fense face aux agressions de la vie extra-utĂ©rine. Les sorties prĂ©coces et mal prĂ©parĂ©es de maternitĂ© contribuent Ă  augmenter la morbi-mortalitĂ© de cette tranche d’ñge.Objectif : dĂ©crire le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique, diagnostique et Ă©volutif des enfants venus au monde avec une bonne adaptation initiale Ă  la vie extra-utĂ©rine, mais rĂ©-hospitalisĂ©s avant l’ñge de trois mois.Patients et mĂ©thodes : une Ă©tude transversale incluant une sĂ©rie de 80 enfants nĂ©s Ă  terme sans dĂ©tresse immĂ©diate notifiĂ©e, sortis initialement du lieu de naissance et hospitalisĂ©s avant l’ñge de trois mois a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e du 1er juin au 31 juillet 2019 dans les services de pĂ©diatrie de deux structures sanitaires de la ville de LomĂ© (CHU Sylvanus Olympio et HĂŽpital de BĂš).RĂ©sultats : la population d’étude reprĂ©sentait 7,26 % de l’ensemble des enfants hospitalisĂ©s. Le taux de rĂ© hospitalisation Ă©tait de 1,2%. Un enfant sur quatre avait passĂ© plus de 24 heures Ă  la maternitĂ© Ă  la naissance. L’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 29,17 jours. La fiĂšvre (56,3%), les difficultĂ©s respiratoires (30%), la toux (20%) et l’ictĂšre (15%) Ă©taient les principaux motifs de consultation. La morbiditĂ© Ă©tait dominĂ©e par les pathologies infectieuses (53,7%) et respiratoires (27,5%). Le taux de mortalitĂ© Ă©tait de 8,75%. L’ictĂšre Ă©tait associĂ© au dĂ©cĂšs (p=0,006). Les pathologies infectieuses et malformatives Ă©taient les principales causes de dĂ©cĂšs.Conclusion : Un enfant sur cent est rĂ©admis en hospitalisation aprĂšs sortie prĂ©coce de maternitĂ© et parmi eux un sur dix dĂ©cĂšde de pathologies qui auraient pu ĂȘtre diagnostiquĂ©es et prises en charge si la durĂ©e du sĂ©jour recommandĂ©e en maternitĂ© Ă©tait respectĂ©e ou si la sortie prĂ©coce Ă©tait mieux prĂ©parĂ©e. Introduction: Newborns and infants under three months of age are fragile because of the progressive maturation of their various defense systems in the face of the aggressions of extra-uterine life. Early and ill-prepared maternity discharges contribute to increase the morbidity and mortality of this age groupObjective: to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic and evolutionary profile of children born with a good initial adaptation to extra-uterine life, but re-hospitalized before the age of three months.Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study including a series of 80 children born at term without immediate distress notified, initially discharged from the birthplace and hospitalized before the age of three months was conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2019 in the pediatric departments of two health structures in the city of LomĂ© (CHU Sylvanus Olympio and HĂŽpital de BĂš).Results: the study population represented 7.26% of all hospitalized children. The re-hospitalization rate was 1.2%. One in four children had spent more than 24 hours in the maternity ward at birth. The average age was 29.17 days. Fever (56.3%), respiratory difficulties (30%), cough (20%) and jaundice (15%) were the main reasons for consultation. Morbidity was dominated by infectious diseases (53.7%) and respiratory diseases (27.5%). The mortality rate was 8.75%. Jaundice was associated with death (p=0.006). Infectious and malformative pathologies were the main causes of death.Conclusion: One child out of one hundred is readmitted to hospital after early discharge from maternity and among them one out of ten dies of pathologies that could have been diagnosed and managed if the recommended length of stay in maternity was respected or if the early discharge was better prepared

    Thrombose veineuse profonde compliquant un osteosarcome chez l’enfant: a propos de deux cas observes a l’Hopital d’Enfant de Rabat

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    Objectif: rapporter les premiers cas de thromboses veineuses profondes observĂ©s dans l’ostĂ©osarcome de l’enfant dans le Service d’HĂ©matologie et Oncologie PĂ©diatrique (SHOP) de l’HĂŽpital d’Enfants de Rabat.Observations: nos observations ont portĂ© sur deux adolescents de 14 ans et 17 ans suivis pour ostĂ©osarcomes compliquĂ©s de thromboses veineuses profondes traitĂ©s au SHOP de Rabat. Il s’agit des huitiĂšme et neuviĂšme cas pĂ©diatriques observĂ©s. Les thromboses siĂ©geaient sur des veines qui Ă©taient proches des localisations tumorales. Les veines fĂ©morales communes droites, la veine iliaque primitive droite et la veine cave infĂ©rieure Ă©taient touchĂ©es dans l’ostĂ©osarcome de l’os iliaque droit. La veine pulmonaire infĂ©rieure droite et l’oreillette gauche Ă©taient touchĂ©es dans l’ostĂ©osarcome de l’extrĂ©mitĂ© proximale de l’humĂ©rus gauche en rechute mĂ©diastino-pulmonaire prĂ©coce. Le traitement a Ă©tĂ© la poursuite de la chimiothĂ©rapie dans ce cas, le thrombus ayant disparu avant la chirurgie de la mĂ©tastase et la chimiothĂ©rapie post-opĂ©ratoire suivie d’une deuxiĂšme rĂ©mission complĂšte. Dans le premier cas l’association Ă  la chimiothĂ©rapie d’un traitement antithrombotique a permis d’observer une rĂ©gression des symptĂŽmes cliniques.Conclusion: la survenue d’une thrombose veineuse profonde est rare dansl’ostĂ©osarcome. Elle doit ĂȘtre recherchĂ© dans les localisations du bassin et proche du coeur. Leur prĂ©vention pourrait impliquer l’utilisation des antithrombotiques nĂ©cessaires Ă  leur traitement.Mots clĂ©s: thrombose veineuse profonde, ostĂ©osarcome, RabatEnglish Title: Deep veinous thrombosis complicating osteosarcoma in children: about two cases at Rabat Children's HospitalEnglish AbstractObjective: to report the first cases of deep veinous thrombosis in children's osteosarcoma in the Department of Pediatric’s Hematology Oncology (SHOP) at Rabat Children's Hospital.Observations: our observations focused on two adolescents aged 14 and 17 followed for osteosarcoma complicated of deep vein thrombosis. These are the eighth and ninth pediatric cases observed. Thrombosis was present in veins that were close to tumor sites. The straight common femoral veins, the right primary iliac vein and the inferior vena cava were affected in osteosarcoma of the right iliac bone. The right inferior pulmonary vein and left atrium were affected in osteosarcoma of the proximal extremity of the left humerus in early mediastinal-pulmonary relapse. The treatment was  the continuation of chemotherapy in this case, the thrombus having disappeared before metastasis surgery and postoperative chemotherapy followed by a second complete remission. In the first case the combination with chemotherapy of antithrombotic treatment led to a regression of clinical symptoms.Conclusion: the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis is rare in osteosarcoma. It must be sought in the localization of the basin and near the heart. Their prevention could involve the use of the antithrombotics necessary for their treatment.Keywords: deep vein thrombosis, osteosarcoma, Raba

    Les urgences medicales dans les unites de soins continus pediatriques au CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lome

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    PrĂ©-requis: La morbiditĂ© et la mortalitĂ© liĂ©es aux enfants restent Ă©levĂ©es dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Pour atteindre les Objectifs du Millenium pour le DĂ©veloppement, il importe de considĂ©rer les urgences mĂ©dicales pĂ©diatriques qui y jouent un role important et de dĂ©finir des interventions pour leur rĂ©duction.But: DĂ©crire le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique des enfants admis dans les unitĂ©s pĂ©diatriques de soins continus et rapporter la morbi-mortalitĂ© liĂ©e aux urgences en pĂ©diatrie.MĂ©thodologie: Etude retrospective portant sur 4791 dossiers d’enfants ĂągĂ©s de 0 Ă  15 ans hospitalisĂ©s pour une urgence dans les unitĂ©s de soins continus du service de pĂ©diatrie du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de LomĂ© du 1er janvier 2014 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2015.RĂ©sultats: les urgences ont reprĂ©sentĂ© 21,2% des consultations et 63,2% des hospitalisations. Dans les premiĂšres 24 h, 30,7% des patients ont consultĂ©. L’ñge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 3,2 ± 3,6 ans. La majoritĂ© des patients (86,6%) avait moins de 5 ans. Il y avait 34,7% de nouveau-nĂ©s. Chez les nouveau-nĂ©s, les principaux types d’urgence Ă©taient infectieuses (84,2%). Chez les enfants de plus de 1 mois, les urgences Ă©taient hĂ©matologiques (48,7%), infectieuses (46,6%) et neurologiques (31,4%). Le taux de lĂ©talitĂ© Ă©tait de 18,7%. Chez les nouveau-nĂ©s, il Ă©tait de 23,8% et chez les enfants de plus de 1 mois 15,9%. La majoritĂ© des patients dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s (90%) avait moins de 5 ans.Conclusion: La rĂ©duction des dĂ©cĂšs d’enfants admis pour une urgence passe par une consultation prĂ©coce et la diffusion d’interventions multifacettes sur le paludisme et l’infection nĂ©onatale.Mots clĂ©s: urgences, rĂ©animation pĂ©diatrique, LomĂ©English Title: Pediatric emergencies medicine in intensive care unit at CHU Sylvanus Olympio LomeEnglish AbstractBackground: Morbidity and mortality of children still high in african subsaharian country. The pediatric medical emergencies must take important place in the causes and to reach millennium goals it’s important to considers them and determine how to manage.Objectives: To determine the epidemiological profile of pediatric medical emergencies and report their morbidity and mortality.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 4791 children aged 0 to 15 years hospitalized for medical emergencies in intensive care unit in pediatric department at CHU Sylvanus Olympio LomĂ© between 1st January 2014 and 31 December 2015.Results: Emergencies represented 21.2% of all consultation and 63.2% of hospitalization. In the first 24 hours, 30.7% of patients were admitted. Median (range) patient age was 3.2 ± 3.6 years. Most patients (86.6%) were under five years. There were 34.7% of newborn. In newborn, infectious disease accounted for 84.2%. In children aged more than 1 month, hematological events accounted for 48.7% of cases, infectious disease for 46,6%, and neurological events for 31,4%. The overall mortality rate was 18.7%. The mortality in newborn 23.8% and 15.9% in over 1 month. Most deaths (90%) occurred in children under five.Conclusion: Early specialist consultation and multi-disciplinary intervention targeting malaria and neonatal sepsis may reduce the mortality rate among neonates and children admitted for emergencies in tropical countries.Keywords: emergencies, intensive care unit, pediatric, Lom

    Profil histo-Ă©pidĂ©miologique du nĂ©phroblastome au Togo : Ă  propos de 22 cas colligĂ©s au laboratoire d’anatomie pathologique du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de LomĂ©

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    Introduction: Le cancer chez l’enfant reprĂ©sente l’un des problĂšmes de santĂ© les plus prĂ©occupants. Notre Ă©tude avait pour but de dĂ©terminer l’histo-Ă©pidĂ©miologie du nĂ©phroblastome au Togo.MatĂ©riels et mĂ©thode: Etude rĂ©trospective descriptive portant sur les aspects anatomopathologiques du nĂ©phroblastome diagnostiquĂ© de 1990 Ă  2015 au Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologique du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de LomĂ©.RĂ©sultats: Nous avons colligĂ© au cours de notre pĂ©riode d’étude 22 cas soit une frĂ©quence annuelle de 0,8 cas. L’ñge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 7 ans, avec des extrĂȘmes de 12 mois et 13 ans. La tranche d’ñge comprise entre 1 et 5 ans Ă©tait plus concernĂ©e (77,27%). Le sexe masculin prĂ©dominait avec un sex ratio de 1,4. Au plan anatomopathologique, l’atteinte rĂ©nale Ă©tait unilatĂ©rale chez tous nos patients avec une prĂ©dominance au rein droit. La rupture capsulaire Ă©tait observĂ©e dans 18,18 % des cas. Dans 45,45% des cas, le nĂ©phroblastome Ă©tait multi nodulaire. La marge de rĂ©section tumorale Ă©tait envahie dans 2 cas (9,09 %). Il existait une nĂ©crose infĂ©rieure Ă  65% de la surface tumorale dans 45,45% des cas. Le nĂ©phroblastome Ă©tait de risque intermĂ©diaire dans 55% des cas et de haut risque dans 45% des cas. Le type histologique blastĂ©mateux prĂ©dominait (40,91%), suivi du type Ă©pithĂ©lial (27,27%). Deux enfants prĂ©sentaient un envahissement ganglionnaire. Au plan Ă©volutif, 50% Ă©tait au stade I et 18,20% au stade III-IV.Conclusion: Le nĂ©phroblastome est frĂ©quent chez l’enfant au Togo et est gĂ©nĂ©ralement diagnostiquĂ© Ă  un stade tardif.Mots clĂ©s: Cancer, nĂ©phroblastome blastĂ©mateux, enfant, TogoEnglish Title: Histoepidemiological profile of nephroblastoma in Togo: about 22 cases collected at the pathology laboratory of Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of LomeEnglish AbstractIntroduction: Cancer in childhood is one of the major problem of public health in the world. The purpose of this study is to determine the histo-epidemiology of nephroblastoma in TogoMaterials and method: Retrospective and descriptive study on the anatomopathological aspects of nephroblastoma diagnosed from 1990 to 2015 at the laboratory pathology of  Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lome.Results: We recorded 22 cases during our study period. The annual frequency was 0.8 cases. The mean age of patients was 7 years (extremes:14 months and 13 years). The age range between 1 and 5 years was more concerned (77.27%). The male sex predominated with a sex-ratio of 1.4. Renal involvement was unilateral in all the cases with a predominance in the right kidney. Capsular rupture was observed in 18.18% of cases. The tumor resection margin was invaded in 2 cases (9.09%). Necrosis was less than 65% of the tumor surface in 45.45% of cases. According to the risk group, the nephroblastoma was intermediate risk in 55% of the cases and high risk in 45%. The histological blasted type predominated (40.91%), followed by the epithelial type (27.27%). Two patients had lymph node invasion. At the evolutionary level, 50% was in stage I and 18.20% at stage III-IV.Conclusion: Nephroblastoma is common in children in Togo and is usually diagnosed at a late stage.Keywords: Cancer, nephroblastoma, child, Tog

    Facteurs de risque et causes de la prématurité au Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tsévié (Togo

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    Introduction: Selon l'Organisation Mondiale de la SantĂ©, 12,9 millions d'enfants naissent prĂ©maturĂ©ment, soit 9,6% de naissances. Les taux de prĂ©maturitĂ© sont plus Ă©levĂ©s dans les pays en dĂ©veloppement. Elle constitue l'une des premiĂšres causes de mortalitĂ© nĂ©onatale et est un problĂšme de santĂ© publique. L'objectif de ce travail Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les facteurs de risque et les causes de la prĂ©maturitĂ© au Centre Hospitalier RĂ©gional de TsĂ©viĂ©.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes: Une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e de janvier 2016 Ă  septembre 2016 Ă  la maternitĂ© du centre hospitalier rĂ©gional de TsĂ©viĂ©. Les cas qui Ă©taient de 100 correspondaient aux accouchĂ©es dont l'Ăąge gestationnel Ă©tait infĂ©rieur Ă  37 Semaines d’AmĂ©norrhĂ©e. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies Ă  partir des registres d'admission et des dossiers. Il s'agissait de l'Ăąge Ă  l'admission, le terme de la grossesse, les caractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques et obstĂ©tricales de leurs mĂšres. L'analyse des donnĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© faite avec le logiciel Epi info version 7.2.0.1RĂ©sultats: 100 accouchements prĂ©maturĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©s sur 1212 accouchements soit une frĂ©quence de 8,25%. Nous avons identifiĂ© comme facteurs de risque maternels le cĂ©libat, le nombre de consultations prĂ©natales < 3. Les pathologies maternelles influençant significativement la prĂ©maturitĂ© Ă©taient le paludisme (15%), la prĂ© Ă©clampsie/Ă©clampsie (11%), les ruptures prĂ©maturĂ©e et chorioamniotite (14% et 2%), les infections cervico-vaginales (8%) et la menace d'accouchement prĂ©maturĂ© (7%). Chez 7% aucun facteur n’a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©. Les grossesses multiples et les malformations congĂ©nitales Ă©taient les facteurs de risque de prĂ©maturitĂ© liĂ©s au foetus.Conclusion: La frĂ©quence de la prĂ©maturitĂ© Ă©tait de 8,25%. Les facteurs de risque de la prĂ©maturitĂ© sont autant maternels que foetaux. Le cĂ©libat, le non suivi de la grossesse et les pathologies durant la grossesse Ă©taient des facteurs maternels prĂ©disposant Ă  la prĂ©maturitĂ©, alors que les grossesses multiples et les anomalies congĂ©nitales Ă©taient les principaux facteurs foetaux prĂ©disposant.Mots clĂ©s: Causes ; Facteurs ; Accouchement ; PrĂ©maturĂ©English Title: Risk factors and causes of prematurity at the TsĂ©viĂ© Regional Hospital Center (Togo)English AbstractIntroduction: According to the World Health Organization, 12.9 million children are born prematurely, or 9.6% of births. Prematurity rates are higher in developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and is a public health problem. The objective of this work was to describe the risk factors and causes of prematurity at the TsĂ©viĂ© Regional Hospital Center.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 2016 to September 2016 at the maternity hospital of the TsĂ©viĂ© regional hospital. Cases that were 100 corresponded to women who had gestational age less than 37 Amenorrhea weeks. Data were collected from admissions records and records. These were the age at admission, the term of pregnancy, the socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of their mothers. The analysis of the data was done with the software Epi info version 7.2.0.1Results: 100 premature deliveries were recorded in 1212 deliveries, or a frequency of 8.25%. Maternal risk factors were defined as celibacy, the number of prenatal consultations <3. Maternal diseases significantly influencing prematurity were malaria (15%), preeclampsia / eclampsia (11%), premature ruptures and chorioamnionitis (14 % And 2%), cervico-vaginal infections (8%) and the threat of premature delivery (7%). In 7% no factor was identified. Multiple pregnancies and congenital malformations were the risk factors for prematurity associated with the fetus.Conclusion: The frequency of prematurity was 8.25%. Risk factors for prematurity are both maternal and fetal. Pregnancy, non-pregnancy and pregnancy were maternal factors predisposing to prematurity, while multiple pregnancies and congenital abnormalities were the main predisposing fetal factors.Keywords: Causes; Factors; Childbirth; Prematur
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