41 research outputs found
Prinos zelene mase, sjemena i ostalih komponenata uroda stoÄnog graÅ”ka (Pisum sativum L.) u zavisnosti od agroekoloÅ”kih uvjeta i starosti sjemena
The goal of the research was to determine the influence of two locations (Osijek and Vinkovci) and seed age on field germination, vegetative mass and dry matter of vegetative mass yields, grain yield, 1000 grain weight and grain crude protein yield of foreign spring field pea cultivar (Timo) during two successive years (2004 and 2005). The year has significantly influenced the grain yield, and the location influenced the grain yield and 1000 grain weight. In the first year of research, the greater grain yield by 70 % was accomplished on Osijek location, and in the second year it almost doubled. 1000 grain weight was by 19 % greater in the second year of research on Osijek location in relation to Vinkovci location. The same cultivar seed stored for 9 and 21 months were sown on both locations in the second year of investigation. Field germination of 9 month old seed was for 12.1 % greater than 21 month old seed. Seed maturity and location interaction was significant (p=0.05) for vegetative mass yield, dry matter of vegetative mass yield, grain yield and grain crude protein yield.Tijekom 2004. i 2005. godine istraživan je utjecaj agroekoloÅ”kih uvjeta i starosti sjemena na poljsko nicanje, prinos zelene mase i suhe tvari nadzemne vegetativne mase, prinos zrna, masu 1000 zrna i prinos sirovih bjelanÄevina zrna inozemnog jarog stoÄnog kultivara graÅ”ka (Timo) na dvije lokacije istoÄne Hrvatske (Osijek i Vinkovci). Godina je znaÄajno utjecala na prinos zrna, a lokacija na prinos i masu 1000 zrna. U prvoj godini istraživanja ostvaren je za 70 % viÅ”i prinos zrna na lokaciji Vinkovci, dok je u drugoj godini gotovo dvostruko viÅ”i prinos zrna ostvaren na lokaciji Osijek. Masa 1000 zrna u drugoj godini istraživanja bila je za 19 % veÄa na lokaciji Osijek, a interakcija godine i lokacije znaÄajna. Sjeme istog kultivara skladiÅ”teno 9 i 21 mjesec posijano je na obje lokacije u drugoj godini istraživanja. Poljsko nicanje sjemena starog 9 mjeseci bilo je za 12,1 % viÅ”e od poljskog nicanja sjemena starog 21 mjesec na obje lokacije. Interakcija starosti sjemena i lokacije bila je znaÄajna (p=0,05) za prinos zelene mase i suhe tvari nadzemne vegetativne mase, prinos zrna, te prinos sirovih bjelanÄevina zrna
UTJECAJ DUŽINE I TEMPERATURE SKLADIŠTENJA NA SVOJSTVA SJEMENA I KLIJANACA ENGLESKOG LJULJA (Lolium perenne L.)
A research of seed storage period and storage temperature effects upon the seed quality and seedlings traits for the seeds of two perennial ryegrass cultivars (Bartwingo and Calibra) was conducted. Seeds were stored in hermetically sealed glass dishes at four different temperatures (room temperature about 21Ā°C, 10Ā°C, -20Ā°C and -80Ā°C) and for three different periods (9, 18 and 30 months). Upon completing the storage treatments the seed and seedling traits were tested by the rolled filter paper method. The research has revealed significant effects of storage temperature, storage period, cultivar and interactions upon all the investigated traits. The highest germination energy, germination and seedling plumule length were observed after the shortest (9-month) storage period, and the least after the longest (30-month) storage period. Seedling radicule was longest after 18-month storage period and shortest after 30 months. All the investigated traits had the highest values when seeds were stored at -80Ā°C, and the least when the seeds were stored at room temperature. Cultivar Bartwingo has shown a greater germination energy and germination but Calibra has shown a greater seedling radicule and plumule length.Istraživanje utjecaja dužine i temperature skladiÅ”tenja na svojstva sjemena i klijanaca engleskoga ljulja provedeno je sa sjemenom dva kultivara (Bartwingo i Calibra). Sjeme je pohranjeno u hermetiÄki zatvorene staklene posude na sobnoj temperaturi te na 10, -20 i -80Ā°C. Navedena svojstva mjerena su nakon 9, 18 i 30 mjeseci skladiÅ”tenja metodom rolanoga filter papira. Dobiven je znaÄajan utjecaj temperature, dužine skladiÅ”tenja i kultivara te njihove interakcije za sva isptivana svojstva. NajveÄe vrijednosti za energiju klijanja i klijavost sjemena te dužinu stabljike dobivene su nakon 9 mjeseci skladiÅ”tenja, a najmanje nakon 30 mjeseci. Korijen klijanaca bio je najduži nakon 18, a najkraÄinakon 30 mjeseci skladiÅ”tenja. Sva ispitivana svojstva imala su najveÄe vrijednostiskladiÅ”tenjem na -80Ā°C, a najmanje na sobnoj temperaturi. Kultivar Bartwingo imao je veÄu energiju klijanja i klijavost, a Calibra dužinu korijena i klijanaca
SEED YIELD AND SEED YIELD COMPONENTS VARIATION OF ALFALFA POPULATIONS
Stabilna i visoka proizvodnja sjemena kljuÄna je za uÄinkovitu raspodjelu i Å”irenje novih sorti u Å”irokoj proizvodnji. Isto se odnosi i na lucernu iako je ona prvenstveno voluminozna kultura. Cilj ovog rada bio je kod osam populacija lucerne visoke agronomske vrijednosti, izabranih nakon trogodiÅ”njeg praÄenja važnih gospodarskih svojstava, utvrditi variranja prinosa i komponenti prinosa sjemena, prouÄiti odnose izmeÄu istraživanih svojstava, te izdvojiti populacije s poveÄanim genetskim potencijalom za prinos sjemena. Istraživanje je provedeno na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek tijekom 2007. godine. ProuÄavane populacije lucerne znaÄajno su varirale u visini biljaka, broju grana i cvata po stabljici, broju mahuna i sjemenki po cvatu, broju sjemenki po mahuni, masi sjemena po cvatu i prinosu sjemena po biljci. Razlike izmeÄu populacija za svojstva broj stabljika po biljci i masa 1000 zrna nisu dobivene. Postojala je znaÄajna varijabilnost za veÄinu ispitivanih svojstava, osim za visinu biljaka i masu 1000 zrna. UtvrÄene su pozitivne korelacijske veze izmeÄu prinosa i komponenti prinosa sjemena, Å”to ukazuje na moguÄnost poboljÅ”anja prinosa sjemena koriÅ”tenjem pojedinih komponenti kao selekcijskog kriterija u oplemenjivaÄkom procesu. Populacija PL-6 je imala najveÄi broj stabljika po biljci (79,50) i cvata po stabljici (19,30) te najviÅ”u visinu biljaka (106,80 cm). Populacijom PL-3 ostvaren je najveÄi broj mahuna po cvatu (11,50), sjemenki po cvatu (37,81) i sjemenki po mahuni (3,14), te najveÄa masa sjemena po cvatu (0,079 mg) i prinos sjemena po biljci (40,07 g). Visoke prosjeÄne vrijednosti prinosa i komponenti prinosa sjemena postigle su i PL-6 te PL-07. Populacije PL-3, PL-6 i PL-7 mogu se izdvojiti kao populacije s poveÄanim genetskim potencijalom za prinos sjemena.stable and high seed production is crucial for effective distribution and expansion of new cultivars to a wide production. This is also true for alfalfa, although alfalfa is primarily considered a voluminous crop. The aim of this study was to determine variation of seed yield and seed yield components of eight alfalfa populations of high agronomic value selected after three years of testing for important agronomic traits, to estimate correlations among investigated traits, and to select populations with higher genetic potential for seed yield. Investigation was carried out at the Agricultural Institute Osijek during 2007. Investigated alfalfa populations significantly varied in plant height, number of branches and inflorescences per stem, number of pods and seeds per inflorescence, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per inflorescence and seed yield per plant. Differences among populations for the traits of stem number per plant and 1000 seed weight were not significant. High variability for the most of investigated traits, with exception of plant height and 1000 seed weight, was recorded. Estimated positive correlations among seed yield and seed yield components indicated possibilities for improving seed yield by using a particular component as a selection criterion in the breeding process. Population PL-6 had the highest number of stems per plant (79.50), inflorescences per stem (19.30), and plant height (106.80 cm). Population PL-3 realised the highest number of pods per inflorescence (11.50), seeds per inflorescence (37.81), seeds per pod (3.14), seed weight per inflorescence (0.079 mg), and seed yield per plant (40.07 g). High mean values of seed yield and seed yield components were also found for PL-6 and PL-7. Populations PL-3, PL-6 and PL-7 may be selected as populations with high genetic potential for seed yield
INFLUENCE OF CULTIVAR, SEED INOCULATION AND IRRIGATION ON AGRONOMIC PROPERTIES OF FIELD PEA IN EASTERN CROATIA
Provedeno je preliminarno istraživanje na dvije lokacije istoÄne Hrvatske s ciljem utvrÄivanja utjecaja kultivara, inokulacije sjemena i navodnjavanja na poljsko nicanje, broj mahuna po biljci, broj zrna po mahuni, masu 1000 zrna, prinos zrna i sadržaj bjelanÄevina u zrnu. ZnaÄajnost uÄinaka ispitivanih faktora na istraživana svojstva bila je razliÄita. RazliÄita je bila i znaÄajnost interakcija ispitivanih faktora. Podaci pokazuju da postoji moguÄnost poveÄanja prinosa i kvalitete krmnog graÅ”ka primjenom adekvatne agrotehnike, a prije svega inokulacije sjemena i navodnjavanja.Preliminary field research was conducted at two locations of East Croatia in order to determine the impact of cultivar, seed inoculation and irrigation on field emergence, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 grain mass, grain yield and seed protein content. Significance of tested factor effects on investigated traits varied. Differences in significance of tested interactions were also found. Results indicate that there is a possibility that the yield and quality of field pea may increase by applying appropriate agrotechnical measures and above all seed inoculation and irrigation
ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF WHITE CLOVER CULTIVARS AT DIFFERENT SOILS AND SUBSTRATE
Produkcija nadzemne biomase tri kultivara bijele djeteline razliÄitoga podrijetla (Jura, Regal i Rivendel ) ispitivana je na dva tla s pH vrijednostima 5,61 i 6,27 te supstratu s pH 7,56. Kod biljaka starih 30 dana utvrÄena je ukupna nadzemna biomasa, masa listova i stolona, omjer list/stolona te sadržaj suhe tvari u listovima i stolonama. Dobiven je znaÄajan utjecaj tla na sva ispitivana svojstva osim za omjer list/stolona, sadržaj suhe tvari u listovima i stolonama. U prosjeku za kultivare, biljke su se najbolje razvijale na tlu s pH 6,27, a najloÅ”ije na supstratu. Kultivari su se znaÄajno razlikovali u svim ispitivanim svojstvima, osim u omjeru list/stolona. Kultivar Regal ostvario je najniže vrijednosti za veÄinu ispitivanih svojstava kultivara. Kultivari Jura i Rivendel razlikovali su se u sadržaju suhe tvari u listovima.Above-ground biomass production of three white clover cultivars with different origin (Jura, Regal and Rivendel ) was investigated on two soils with 5.61 and 6.27 pH values and at substrate with pH 7.56. Total above-ground biomass, leaf and stolon mass, leaf/stolon ratio and dry matter content of leaf and stolon were evaluated on 30 days old plants. Significant influence of soil was found for all investigated traits with exceptions of leaf/stolon ratio and dry matter content of stolon. On the cultivars average plant development was the best on the soil with pH 6.27, and worse at substrate. Cultivars significantly differed in all investigated traits with exception of leaf/stolon ratio trait. Cultivar Regal obtained the lowest values of most of the investigated traits. Cultivars Jura and Regal differed from each other in dry matter content of leaf
THE TRAITS OF SEED AND SEEDLINGS OF ALFALFA GENOTYPES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND pH VALUES
Cilj rada bio je procijeniti utjecaj genotipa, temperature i pH na energiju klijanja i klijavost sjemena, te dužinu korijena i hipokotila klijanaca tri kultivara lucerne (Slavonka, Stela i Vuka), sa svrhom procjene moguÄnosti izbora genotipova za sjetvu na tlima s razliÄitim pH i pri razliÄitim temperaturama u najranijim fazama razvoja. Pokus je postavljen u Äetiri ponavljanja na dvije temperature: 20oC; 10oC i dvije razine pH: 7,25; 5,05. ZnaÄajna razlika utvrÄena je izmeÄu genotipova za svojstvo dužine korijena (p=0,01). Razlike u energiji klijanja i dužini hipokotila na razliÄitim temperaturama bile su znaÄajne (p= 0,01). ZnaÄajnost pH utvrÄena je za svojstva dužine korijena i hipokotila (p=0,01 i p=0,05). Interakcija genotip x temperatura bila je znaÄajna za sva prouÄavana svojstva (p=0,01 i p=0,05), dok je interakcija genotip x pH utvrÄena za dužinu hipokotila (p=0,01). Dužina korijena bila je znaÄajno niža kod kultivara Slavonka (2,16 cm) i znaÄajno viÅ”a kod kultivara Stela (2,83 cm). Energija klijanja bila je znaÄajno viÅ”a pri 20oC, dok je dužina hipokotila bila znaÄajno niža pri istoj temperaturi. Dužina korijena i hipokotila bili su znaÄajno viÅ”i kod pH razine 5,05. Rezultati ukazuju da interakcija genotipa i temperature u najveÄoj mjeri utjeÄe na najraniji porast lucerne. Premda je razina pH utjecala na rast klijanaca potrebna su dodatna istraživanja da bi se moglo procijeniti postoji li moguÄnost izbora genotipova za sjetvu na tlima s razliÄitim pH u stadiju klijanja sjemena.The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of genotype, temperature and pH values on germination energy, seed germination, and root and hypocotil length of seedlings of three alfalfa cultivars (Slavonka, Stela and Vuka) with the aim to assess possibilities for choosing suitable genotypes for sowing in the soil of different pH and temperature levels in the earliest stages of development. The experiment was set up in four replications at two levels of temperature: 20Ā°C and 10Ā°C, and two pH levels: 7.25 and 5.05. A significant difference in genotypes was determined for root length (p=0.01). Differences in energy of germination and hypocotil length at different temperatures were found to be significant (p= 0.01). Significance of pH was determined for root and hypocotil length (p=0.01 and p=0.05). Interaction genotype x temperature was significant in all traits tested (p=0.01 and p=0.05), with interaction genotype x pH determined for hypocotil length (p=0.01). Root length was significantly lower in the Slavonka cultivar (2.16 cm) and significantly higher in the Stela cultivar (2.83 cm). Energy of germination was significantly higher at 20Ā°C, with hypocotil length significantly lower at the same temperature. Root and hypocotil lenght were significantly higher at pH level of 5.05. The results show that interaction of genotype and temperature influence to the fullest extent the earliest growth of alfalfa. Though pH level influenced seedlings growth, further examinations are needed to assess possibilities for choosing genotypes for sowing in the soil of different pH levels at the stage of seed germination
Evaluation of state and possibilities of forage crops seed production in the Republic of Croatia
Cilj rada bio je analizirati postojeÄe stanje proizvodnje sjemena krmnog bilja u proteklom petogodiÅ”njem razdoblju (2000./01.-2004./05.) i procjeniti moguÄnosti te proizvodnje u Republici Hrvatskoj. U 2005. godini ukupne koliÄine deklariranog sjemena krmnog bilja poveÄale su se u odnosu na 2001. godinu za 367 143,7 kg, tj. za 23,41%. Istodobno, udio koliÄina deklariranog sjemena domaÄih kultivara se smanjio s 24,81 na 17,70%. Od ukupno 41 razliÄite biljne vrste krmnog bilja Äije se sjeme može naÄi na tržiÅ”tu, 16 je moguÄe umnožavati sjemenom domaÄih kultivara. No, u 2005. godini, u odnosu na 2001. godinu, udio koliÄina sjemena domaÄih kultivara u ukupnoj koliÄini deklariranog sjemena se smanjio za 10 od 16 navedenih biljnih vrsta, i to za od 8,49 (Trifolium pratense L.) do 45,00% (Phleum pratense L.). Rezultati ukazuju da nacionalni program proizvodnje sjemena krmnog bilja nije razraÄen, niti u organizacijskom, niti i u financijskom pogledu. Prema zasijanim povrÅ”inama i udjelu na oranicama i vrtovima proizvodnja krmnog bilja se nalazi odmah iza proizvodnje žitarica. Klimatski uvjeti za proizvodnju sjemena krmnih kultura su odgovarajuÄi. Glede toga, moguÄnosti za proizvodnju sjemena krmnog bilja su dobre. Za rjeÅ”avanje postojeÄih problema potrebna je prilagodljiva strategija razvitka koja Äe ojaÄati proizvodnju sjemena krmnog bilja na bazi potrebne proizvodnje krmnog bilja i unaprijediti podruÄja od edukacije, organizacije i unapreÄenja metoda proizvodnje do razvoja sustava potpore i tržiÅ”ta.The aim of the paper was to analyse the present state of forage crops seed production in the last five years period (2000/2001-2004/2005), and to evaluate the possibilities of that production in the Republic of Croatia. In 2005, compared with 2001, a total amount of declarated forage crops seed was increased for 367 143.7 kg, i.e. 23.41%. At the same time, the share of declarated amount of domestic cultivars seed decreased from 24.81 to 17.70%. Of 41 different plant species of forage crops whose seed was declarated, for 16 is possible to multiply seed by domestic cultivars. But from 2001 to 2005 the share of declarated amount of domestic cultivars seed for 10 of 16 mentioned plant species was decreased from 8.49 (Trifolium pratense L.) to 45.00% (Phleum pratense L.). Data indicated that the national forage crops seed production program has not been fully designed either in the organizational or financial aspect. The areas of arable land and gardens under forage crops stands follow the areas under cereals. Climatic conditions for forage crops seed production are adequate. Therefore, there are good possibilities for forage crops seed production. Adjustable strategy of development could improve the forage crops seed production at the base of required forage crops production and enhance the areas from education, organization, and production methods improvement to system of subsidies and market development